A. M. Behbehani-a, Dietary intake and bioavailability of trace elements, Biol. Trace Elem. Res, vol.21, pp.173-178, 1989.

A. A. Tesler-b, T. J. Paltieli-y, and D. Z. Sharf-m, Hair chromium content of women with gestational diabetes compared with nondiabetic pregnant women

A. M. , J. N. Ludington-e, and W. J. , Glucose and insulin responses to dietary chromium supplements: a meta-analysis

A. P. Morales-a and Y. S. , Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, and body composition in healthy, nonobese, older men and women

A. J. Minerals, I. :. Mahan-l, and . Escott-stump-s, Food, nutrition, and diet therapy, pp.120-163, 2004.

A. R. and P. M. Bryden-n, Urinary chromium excretion of human subjects: effects of chromium supplementation and glucose loading

A. R. , P. M. Bryden-n, R. E. Patterson-k, and R. D. , Effect of exercise (running) on serum glucose, insulin, glucagon, and chromium excretion, Diabetes, vol.31, pp.212-216, 1982.

A. R. , P. M. Bryden-n, . Y. Patterson-k, and G. W. Veillon-c, Effects of chromium supplementation on urinary Cr excretion of human subjects and correlation of Cr excretion with selected clinical parameters

A. R. Bryden-n and P. M. Reiser-s, Urinary chromium excretion and insulinogenic properties of carbohydrates

A. R. Bryden-n and P. M. Thorp-j, Effects of carbohydrate loading and underwater exercise on circulating cortisol, insulin and urinary losses of chromium and zinc

A. R. Bryden-n and P. M. , Dietary intake of calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc: duplicate plate values corrected using derived nutrient intake

A. R. Lyons-t and J. K. , Stress effects on chromium nutrition of humans and farm animals, Proc. Alltech's Tenth Symposium Biotechnology in the Feed Industry, pp.267-274, 1994.

A. R. Bryden-n and P. M. , Dietary chromium effects on tissue chromium concentrations and chromium absorption in rats

A. R. Bryden-n and P. M. , Lack of toxicity of chromium chloride and chromium picolinate in rats

A. R. Cheng-n and . A. Bryden-n, Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes, vol.46, pp.1786-1791, 1997.

B. B. , W. S. Schneider-h, and . C. Wascher-t, Effect of chromium yeast and chromium picolinate on body composition of obese, non-diabetic patients during and after a formula diet

B. S. , M. S. Mufti-a, and A. M. , The effects of inorganic chromium and brewer's yeast supplementation on glucose tolerance, serum lipids and drug dosage in individuals with type 2 diabetes

B. M. and B. J. Jernigan-p, Effects of pre-and postnatal exposure to chromium picolinate or picolinic acid on neurological development in CD-1 mice

B. E. , T. A. Lichtenstein-a, and P. A. Lau-j, Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipids: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, Diabetes Care, vol.30, pp.2154-2163, 2007.

B. R. Farre-r and . Lozano-a, Oral intake of cadmium, lead, cobalt, chromium, nickel, copper, manganese and zinc in the Spanish diet

B. E. and T. G. Legrain-s, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue

B. T. and M. M. Slesinski-r, Determining the safety of chromium tripicolinate for addition to foods as a nutrient supplement

B. K. Salbu-b, Trace elements in Norwegian diets

B. G. and J. M. Hartemann-p, Daily intake of essential minerals and metallic micropollutants

B. A. Nadal-m and D. J. , Human exposure to metals through the diet in Tarragona

. Août, Disponible sur : http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate, 2009.

B. M. Lazos-e and . M. Bratakos-s, Chromium content of selected Greek foods

B. J. Lauwerys-r and P. J. Vandevoorde-a, Oral daily intake of cadmium, lead, manganese, copper, chromium, mercury, calcium, zinc and arsenic in Belgium: a duplicate meal study

C. C. , L. M. De-mena-c, and . C. Lopez-m, Chromium, copper, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc levels in dairy products: in vitro study of absorbable fractions

C. W. , J. L. , D. S. Cyr-campbell-d, and A. R. Evans-w, Effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle mass in older men

C. W. , J. L. , A. R. , D. S. Hinton-j, and . J. Evans-w, Effects of resistive training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle size in older women

C. W. , W. Z. Zhang-x, and R. C. Baldor-l, Oral chromium picolinate improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and enhances skeletal muscle Glut-4 translocation in obese

C. W. and R. J. Pinsonat-p, Characterization of the metabolic and physiologic response to chromium supplementation in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Metabolism, vol.59, pp.755-762, 2010.

C. G. Liu-p and . R. Pattar-g, Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesteroldependent mechanism

C. S. Clarkson-p and D. M. , Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on body composition, strength and urinary chromium loss in football players

C. R. Heinzow-b and . Herber-r, Samples collection guidelines for trace elements in blood and urine

C. V. Scheckenbach-r and . G. Preuss-h, Effects of niacin-bound chromium supplementation on body composition in overweight African-American women, Diabetes Obes. Metab, vol.1, pp.331-337, 1999.

D. H. Liu-j, . H. Malkas-l, A. S. Catalano-j, and . J. Hickey-r, Chromium reduces the in vitro activity and fidelity of DNA replication mediated by the human cell DNA synthesome, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, vol.236, pp.154-65, 2009.

D. I. Burt-r, Physiologic changes in plasma chromium of normal and pregnant women: effect of a glucose load

D. S. Mclaren, H. J. Hunnisett-a, and . Howard-m, Age-related decreases in chromium levels in 51 665 hair, sweat, and serum samples from 40 872 patients - Implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus, Metabolism, vol.46, pp.469-473, 1997.

D. C. Sumrall-k and V. J. , A biologically active form of chromium may activate a membrane phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP)

D. J. and W. R. Alerson-n, A. Effects of carbohydrate and chromium ingestion during intermittent high-intensity exercise to fatigue

D. D. Morrissette-v, . Chaudhary-s, B. B. Amini-k, and . D. Van-horn-j, An informatics search for the low-molecular weight chromium-binding peptide

D. J. , S. D. , R. M. Finch-m, and . R. Komorowski-j, A double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory trial of chromium picolinate in atypical depression: effect on carbohydrate craving

D. R. Barreras-r, Intestinal absorption of trace quantities of chromium

E. D. Macgregor and J. T. Slesinski-r, Trivalent chromium: assessing the genotoxic risk of an essential trace element and widely used human and animal nutritional supplement

E. G. Bowman-t, Chromium picolinate increases membrane fluidity and rate of insulin internalization

F. R. Lagarda-m, Chromium Content of Foods and Diets in a Spanish Population

F. J. , L. D. , and Z. A. Cheng-n, Chromium picolinate reduces insulin requirement in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetes, vol.51, pp.469-469, 2002.

F. M. Hininger-favier and M. M. Sidobre-b, Food and fluid intake of the SENECA population residing

F. J. Jr, Systemic contact dermatitis caused by oral chromium picolinate, Cutis, pp.65-116, 2000.

G. E. and B. F. D-'amelio, Metabolic pathways of carcinogenic chromium

G. E. Cabrera-c, L. M. Sanchez-j, and . C. Lopez-m, Chromium levels in potable water, fruit juices and soft drinks: influence on dietary intake

G. E. Cabrera-c, L. M. , and L. M. , Estimation of chromium bioavailability from the diet by an in vitro method

G. E. Cabrera-c, L. M. , and L. M. , Daily dietary intake of chromium in southern Spain measured with duplicate diet sampling

G. R. Mc and D. A. Martinez-o, Dietary chromium and manganese intakes of a selected sample of Canadian elderly women

G. D. Bhattacharya-b and . Mukherjee-b, Role of chromium supplementation in Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus

G. J. Hams-g, . Hitchman-r, and A. Mcelduff, Serum chromium does not predict glucose tolerance in late pregnancy

G. J. Cheung-n and . Hitchman-r, Chromium supplementation does not improve glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, or lipid profile: a randomized, placebocontrolled , double-blind trial of supplementation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, Diabetes Care, vol.28, pp.712-713, 2005.

H. M. , R. T. , D. C. Dotson-c, and A. R. , Effects of chromium and resistive training on muscle strength and body composition

H. M. Gillespie-s, C. Y. , L. Z. Cassady-c, and V. J. , Low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance from chicken liver and American alligator liver

H. J. and A. A. Stoecker-b, Effects of chromium supplementation on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and glucose in elderly subjects

H. I. Benaraba-r, F. H. Osman-m, and A. M. Roussel-a, Safety of trivalent chromium complexes: no evidence for DNA damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes

I. N. and C. S. Volger-s, Chromium picolinate does not improve key features of metabolic syndrome in obese nondiabetic adults

I. S. Preussman-r, Absence of toxic and carcinogenic effects after administration of high doses of chromic oxide pigment in subacute and long-term feeding experiments in rats

J. L. and S. Y. Hatfield-j, Characterization of chromodulin by X-ray absorption and electron paramagnetic spectroscopies and magnetic susceptibility measurements

J. S. Mcvie, R. , D. J. , and H. J. , Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes, Diabetes, vol.38, pp.1539-1543, 1989.

J. S. Kannan-k, Chromium chloride inhibits oxidative stress and TNF-alpha secretion caused by exposure

J. S. , R. K. , and P. L. Jain-s, Protective effects of 17beta-estradiol and trivalent chromium on interleukin-6 secretion, oxidative stress, and adhesion of monocytes: relevance to heart disease in postmenopausal women

J. S. , C. J. Velusamy-t, and R. J. Bull-r, Chromium dinicocysteinate supplementation can lower blood glucose, CRP, MCP-1, ICAM-1, creatinine, apparently mediated by elevated blood vitamin C and adiponectin and inhibition of NFkB, Akt, and Glut- 2 in livers of zucker diabetic fatty rats

J. K. , C. R. Marliss-e, . R. Greenberg-g, and . Bruce-robertson-a, Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance, and neuropathy reversed by chromium supplementation, in a patient receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition

J. L. Farrell-p, D. S. Evans-w, and . W. Campbell-w, Effect of resistance training with or without chromium picolinate supplementation on glucose metabolism in older men and women, Metabolism, vol.48, pp.546-553, 1999.

J. L. Gutierrez-m and . M. Peterson-c, Chromium supplementation for women with gestational diabetes mellitus

K. G. Blum-k, F. J. , and A. J. , Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on body composition: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study

K. N. , T. K. Suzuki-r, and . Ohsugi-m, Overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in adipose tissues causes macrophage recruitment and insulin resistance

K. I. Vogelman-j and . Dilman-v, Effect of supplementation with chromium picolinate on antibody titers to 5-hydroxymethyl uracil

K. V. Sonnet-e, Diabète et hémochromatose, In : GRIMALDI A. Traité de Diabétologie, 2 ème édition, pp.911-917, 2009.

K. B. , A. J. , and J. B. Lindemann-m, Effects of chromium(III) picolinate on cortisol and DHEAs secretion in H295R human adrenocortical cells

K. R. , E. J. Boespflug-e, . A. Nash-t, and . D. Shidler-m, Improved cognitivecerebral function in older adults with chromium supplementation

K. N. and H. S. Bakker-s, Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with type 2 diabetes in a western population -a randomized, double blind, placebocontrolled trial, Diabetes Care, vol.30, pp.1092-1096, 2007.

L. V. and E. R. Coulson-r, Biological activity of alligator, avian, and mammalian insulin in juvenile alligators: plasma glucose and amino acids

L. J. Oligoéléments, Encyclopaedia Universalis, 2009.

L. E. Lopez-m and L. M. Cabrera-c, Determination of chromium in wine and other alcoholic beverages consumed in Spain by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

L. A. and H. H. Lay-p, A. X-ray absorption and EPR spectroscopic studies of the biotransformations of chromium (VI) in mammalian cells. Is chromodulin an artifact of isolation methods?

L. J. and A. G. Laguna-p, The effect of chromium picolinate on muscular strength and body composition in women athletes

L. R. , T. A. , E. C. Holden-a, . S. Schenken-r, and . G. Brzyski-r, Effect of chromium supplementation on insulin resistance and ovarian and menstrual cyclicity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

L. H. Bolonchuk-w and S. W. Milne-d, Chromium supplementation and resistance training: effects on body composition, strength, and trace element status of men, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, vol.63, pp.954-965, 1996.

L. H. and S. W. Penland-j, Chromium picolinate supplementation in women: effects on body weight, composition, and iron status, Nutrition, vol.23, pp.187-195, 2007.

L. M. Mcnurlan-m, M. L. Bembo-s, . Komaroff-e, and . Gelato-m, Chromium picolinate improves insulin sensitivity in obese subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome, Fertil. Steril, vol.86, pp.243-246, 2006.

M. W. Fuller-r, Suspected chromium picolinate-induced rhabdomyolysis, Pharmacotherapy, vol.18, pp.860-862, 1998.

M. J. and W. Z. Zhang-x, Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care, vol.29, pp.1826-1832, 2006.

M. O. Macdonald, A. C. Gibson-r, and . Bourn-d, Dietary chromium and effect of chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance of elderly Canadian women

M. F. Mccarty, Anabolic effects of insulin on bone suggest a role for chromium picolinate in preservation of bone density, Medical Hypotheses, vol.45, issue.3
DOI : 10.1016/0306-9877(95)90112-4

M. W. Schwarz-k, Relation of glucose tolerance factor to impaired intravenous glucose tolerance of rats on stock diets

M. E. Dey-c, Effect of chromium and zinc on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells

M. B. Macneil, S. A. Hardisty-c, . Heller-s, and G. T. Burgin-c, Chromium homeostasis in patients with type II (NIDDM) diabetes

M. B. Samaniego-s, F. R. Mcneil, and S. , Increasesd chromium excretion in pregnancy is associated with insulin resistance

N. Alarcón, M. , G. Hernandez-f, and . Gil, Selenio, manganeso, cromo, molibdeno, yodo y otros oligoelementos minoritarios, Nutrici?n, vol.II, pp.997-1036, 2005.

N. S. Sharp-r, Effect of dietary supplements on lean mass and strength gains with resistance exercise: a meta-analysis

N. L. Leblanc-j and . Guerin-t, Determination of several elements in duplicate meals from catering establishments using closed vessel microwave digestion with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection: estimation of daily dietary intake

O. E. Pi-sunyer-f, Beneficial effect of chromium-rich yeast on glucose tolerance and blood lipids in elderly subjects, Diabetes, vol.29, pp.919-925, 1980.

O. E. Rinko-c and . X. Pi-sunyer-f, The effects of inorganic chromium and brewer's yeast on glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, and plasma chromium in elderly subjects, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, vol.42, pp.454-461, 1985.

P. D. Hsieh-c, H. Y. , L. J. , and L. C. Kuo-s, The influence of chromium chloridecontaining milk to glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Metabolism, vol.55, pp.923-927, 2006.

P. R. Banker-k, G. T. , and W. C. , Isolation of a novel chromium (III) binding protein from bovine liver tissue after chromium (VI) exposure

P. P. Thompson-p and C. M. , Coordinate modulation of D-glucose transport activity and bilayer fluidity in plasma membranes derived from control and insulin

P. M. Stevinson-c and . Ernst-e, Chromium picolinate for reducing body weight: metaanalysis of randomized trials

P. H. Grojec-p and A. R. Lieberman-s, Effects of different chromium compounds on blood pressure and lipid peroxidation in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Clin. Nephrol, vol.47, pp.325-330, 1997.

Q. L. Zhande-r, J. T. Zhou-g, and S. X. , In vivo phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 at serine 789 by a novel serine kinase in insulin-resistant rodents

Q. W. Peng-z, W. Z. , and W. J. Zhou-a, Chromium improves glucose uptake and metabolism through upregulating the mRNA levels of IR, GLUT4, GS, and UCP3 in skeletal muscle cells

R. H. Friedensohn-a, . Leibovitz-a, R. C. Gabay-g, and . Habot-b, Effect of chromium supplementation on blood glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus elderly patients

R. J. Trefil-l, R. D. Mudrová-v, and H. D. Senft-v, Influence of chromiumenriched yeast on blood glucose and insulin variables, blood lipids, and markers of oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

R. A. Andriollo-sanchez-m, . Ferry-m, and A. A. Bryden-n, Food chromium content, dietary chromium intake and related biological variables in french freeliving elderly

R. A. Hininger-favier-i, Eléments-trace essentiels en nutrition humaine : chrome, sélénium, zinc et fer

R. M. Miller-j and R. A. , Acute and chronic resistive exercise increase urinary chromium excretion in men as measured with an enriched chromium stable isotope

S. E. Lauria-d and S. C. Porto-da, Assessment of daily intake of trace elements due to consumption of foodstuffs by adult inhabitants of

S. U. Sharma-g, . J. Xu-y, . S. Dhalla-n, and . K. Goyal-r, Insulin sensitising action of chromium picolinate in various experimental models of diabetes mellitus

S. D. Belbruno-j and . E. Wetterhahn-k, A prediction of chromium (III) accumulation in humans from chromium dietary supplements

S. M. Havel-p, Physiological, pharmacological, and nutritional regulation of circulating adiponectin concentrations in humans

S. P. Munoz-f, C. R. Marchand-f, and D. P. , Rapid loss of appendicular skeletal muscle mass is associated with higher all-cause mortality in older men: the prospective MINOS study

T. P. and Y. A. Schlicker-s, Dietary reference intakes : vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc

U. M. Mykkanen-l and . Siitonen-o, Chromium supplementation in impaired glucose tolerance of elderly: effects on blood glucose

V. Cauwenbergh, R. Hendrix-p, R. H. , and D. H. , Daily dietary chromium intake in Belgium, using duplicate portion sampling, Zeitschrift f???r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung, vol.36, issue.Suppl 1
DOI : 10.1007/BF01192863

R. C. Velasco-, . M. Navarro-alarcón, . De-la-serrana-h.-l-g, . V. Perez-valero, and . C. Lopez-martinez-m, availability study, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, vol.13, issue.5, pp.604-610, 2008.
DOI : 10.1080/02652030701678843

V. M. and D. C. Mcgibony, Isolation and Characterization of Low-Molecular-Weight Chromium-binding Substance (LMWCr) from Chicken Liver

V. S. Huang-h and L. I. Larpadisorn-k, Effect of chromium supplementation and exercise on body composition, resting metabolic rate and selected biochemical parameters in moderately obese women following an exercise program

W. H. and K. A. Brautigan-d, Cellular chromium enhances activation of insulin receptor kinase, Biochemistry, vol.44, pp.8167-8175, 2005.

W. Y. Yao-m, Effects of chromium picolinate on glucose uptake in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes involve activation of, p.38

W. Z. Zhang-x, R. J. Hulver-m, and C. W. , Chromium picolinate enhances skeletal muscle cellular insulin signaling in vivo in obese, insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rats

W. W. Feldman-n and . D. D-'agati-v, Chronic renal failure after ingestion of over-thecounter chromium picolinate

Y. A. Wada-o and . Ono-t, A low-molecular-weight, chromium-binding substance in mammals

Y. A. Wada-o and . Ono-t, Distribution and chromium-binding capacity of a lowmolecular-weight , chromium-binding substance in mice

Y. A. Wada-o and . Suzuki-h, Purification and properties of biologically active chromium complex from bovine colostrum

Y. S. Daberry-b and R. J. Jain-s, Resistin and adiponectin levels in subjects with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes

Y. Y. Faridi-z and M. Y. , A pilot study of chromium picolinate for weight loss

Z. T. Mestek-o and . Tesar-v, Chromium levels in patients with internal diseases, Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int, vol.46, pp.365-374, 1998.