B. Mercer, Preterm premature rupture of the membranes, Obstet Gynecol, vol.101, issue.1, pp.178-93, 2003.

J. Pasquier, M. Rabilloud, J. Picaud, R. Ecochard, C. O. Gaucherand et al., A prospective population-based study of 598 cases of PPROM between 24 and 34 weeks??? gestation: description, management, and mortality (DOMINOS cohort), European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, vol.121, issue.2, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.12.015

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00427801

G. Kayem and F. Maillard, Rupture pr??matur??e des membranes avant terme??: attitude interventionniste ou expectative???, Gyn??cologie Obst??trique & Fertilit??, vol.37, issue.4, pp.334-375, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.03.007

S. Kenyon, M. Boulvain, and J. Neilson, Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, issue.2, p.1058, 2003.

S. Kenyon, M. Boulvain, and J. Neilson, Antibiotics for Preterm Rupture of the Membranes: A Systematic Review, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.104, issue.5, Part 1, pp.1051-1058, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/01.AOG.0000143268.36682.21

M. Yudin, J. Van-schalkwyk, N. Van-eyk, M. Boucher, E. Castillo et al., Antibiotic Therapy in Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, vol.31, issue.9, pp.863-870, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)34305-5

. Anaes, Agence Nationale d'Accreditation et d'Evaluation en Sante

S. Carroll, S. Papaioannou, I. Ntumazah, J. Philpott-howard, and K. Nicolaides, Lower genital tract swabs in the prediction of intrauterine infection in preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol.122, issue.1
DOI : 10.1016/0028-2243(89)90196-2

G. Cassell, K. Waites, H. Watson, D. Crouse, and R. Harasawa, Ureaplasma urealyticum intrauterine infection: role in prematurity and disease in newborns., Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.6, issue.1
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.6.1.69

A. Witt, A. Berger, C. Gruber, L. Petricevic, P. Apfalter et al., Increased intrauterine frequency of Ureaplasma urealyticum in women with preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the membranes and subsequent cesarean delivery, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.193, issue.5, pp.1663-1672, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.03.067

R. Goldenberg, J. Hauth, and W. Andrews, Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery, N Engl J Med, vol.18342, issue.20, pp.1500-1507, 2000.

J. Pasquier and M. Doret, Les complications et la surveillance pendant la p??riode de latence apr??s une rupture pr??matur??e des membranes avant terme??: mise au point, Journal de Gyn??cologie Obst??trique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.37, issue.6, pp.568-78, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2007.11.031

B. Yoon, R. Romero, M. Kim, E. Kim, T. Kim et al., Clinical implications of detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum in the amniotic cavity with the polymerase chain reaction, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.183, issue.5, pp.1130-1137, 2000.
DOI : 10.1067/mob.2000.109036

L. Donati, D. Vico, A. Nucci, M. Quagliozzi, L. Spagnuolo et al., Vaginal microbial flora and outcome of pregnancy, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, vol.168, issue.2, pp.589-600, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00404-009-1318-3

W. Andrews, R. Goldenberg, J. Hauth, S. Cliver, M. Conner et al., Endometrial microbial colonization and plasma cell endometritis after spontaneous or indicated preterm versus term delivery, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.193, issue.3, pp.739-784, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.128

B. Mercer, M. Miodovnik, G. Thurnau, R. Goldenberg, A. Das et al., Antibiotic therapy for reduction of infant morbidity after preterm premature rupture of the membranes. A randomized controlled trial. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.278, issue.12, pp.989-95, 1997.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.278.12.989

S. Kenyon, D. Taylor, W. Tarnow-mordi, . Oracle-collaborative, and . Group, Broad spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial, ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet, vol.31357, issue.9261, pp.979-88, 2001.

R. Gomez, R. Romero, J. Nien, L. Medina, M. Carstens et al., Antibiotic administration to patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes does not eradicate intra-amniotic infection, The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, vol.168, issue.2, pp.167-73, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13339.x

R. Gibbs, J. Davies, R. Mcduffie, . Jr, K. Leslie et al., Chronic intrauterine infection and inflammation in the preterm rabbit, despite antibiotic therapy, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.186, issue.2, pp.234-243, 2002.
DOI : 10.1067/mob.2002.119640

T. Heikkinen, K. Laine, P. Neuvonen, and U. Ekblad, The transplacental transfer of the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, roxithromycin and azithromycin, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol.25, issue.6, pp.770-775, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13339.x

L. Gonçalves, T. Chaiworapongsa, and R. Romero, Intrauterine infection and prematurity, Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, vol.185, issue.3, pp.3-13, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/mrdd.10008

S. Hillier, R. Nugent, D. Eschenbach, M. Krohn, R. Gibbs et al., Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group, N Engl J Med, vol.28, issue.26, pp.3331737-3331779, 1995.

P. Fidel, F. Ghezzi, R. Romero, T. Chaiworapongsa, J. Espinoza et al., The effect of antibiotic therapy on intrauterine infection-induced preterm parturition in rabbits, The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, vol.168, issue.5, pp.57-64, 2003.
DOI : 10.1515/jpme.1998.26.1.17

C. Kim, R. Romero, J. Kusanovic, W. Yoo, Z. Dong et al., The frequency, clinical significance, and pathological features of chronic chorioamnionitis: a lesion associated with spontaneous preterm birth, Modern Pathology, vol.13, issue.7, pp.1000-1011, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/modpathol.2010.73

A. Ghidini, C. Salafia, and V. Minior, Lack of relationship between histologic chorioamnionitis and duration of the latency period in preterm rupture of membranes, J Matern Fetal Med, vol.7, issue.5, pp.238-280, 1998.

K. Miyazaki, M. Furuhashi, K. Matsuo, K. Minami, K. Yoshida et al., Impact of subclinical chorioamnionitis on maternal and neonatal outcomes, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol.86, issue.2, pp.191-198, 2007.
DOI : 10.1080/00016340601022793

M. Bizzarro, L. Dembry, R. Baltimore, and P. Gallagher, Changing Patterns in Neonatal Escherichia coli Sepsis and Ampicillin Resistance in the Era of Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis, PEDIATRICS, vol.121, issue.4
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2007-2171

B. Stoll, N. Hansen, A. Fanaroff, L. Wright, W. Carlo et al., Changes in pathogens causing early-onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants, N Engl J Med, vol.25347, issue.4, pp.240-247, 2002.

M. Moore, S. Schrag, and A. Schuchat, Effects of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of group-B-streptococcal disease on the incidence and ecology of early-onset neonatal sepsis, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.3, issue.4, pp.201-214, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00577-2

P. Kuhn, C. Dheu, C. Bolender, D. Chognot, L. Keller et al., Incidence and distribution of pathogens in early-onset neonatal sepsis in the era of antenatal antibiotics, Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, vol.360, issue.2, pp.479-87, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01132.x

R. Baltimore, S. Huie, J. Meek, A. Schuchat, O. Brien et al., Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis in the Era of Group B Streptococcal Prevention, PEDIATRICS, vol.108, issue.5, pp.1094-1102, 2001.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.108.5.1094

M. Blond, F. Gold, F. Pierre, R. Quentin, and Y. Aujard, Infection bactérienne néonatale par contamination materno-foetale : pour un changement de paradigme ?, J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod, vol.30, issue.6, pp.533-538, 2001.