. Dans-la-même-idée, nous n'avons jamais constaté de confusion survenant uniquement en dehors des contractions utérines

. Le-tracé-ci-dessous-illustre-cela, A. Sweha, T. W. Hacker, and J. Nuovo, Interpretation of the electronic fetal heart rate during labor, Am Fam Physician, issue.9, pp.59-2487, 1999.

J. M. Thoulon, P. Audra, and G. Mellier, [Monitoring of the course of labor: how to monitor childbirth 25 years after the institution of monitoring], J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod, issue.6, pp.27-577, 1998.

A. Martin, Rythme cardiaque f??tal pendant le travail??: d??finitions et interpr??tation, Journal de Gyn??cologie Obst??trique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.37, issue.1, pp.34-45, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2007.11.009

R. G. Kennedy, Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring: retrospective reflections on a twentieth-century technology, J R Soc Med, issue.5, pp.91-244, 1998.

B. Carbonne and A. Nguyen, Surveillance f??tale par mesure du pH et des lactates au scalp au cours du travail, Journal de Gyn??cologie Obst??trique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.37, issue.1, pp.65-71, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2007.11.012

F. Bretelle, R. L. Du, and C. Foulhy, Surveillance f??tale continue ou discontinue, t??l??m??trie et centrale d???analyse, Journal de Gyn??cologie Obst??trique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.37, issue.1, pp.23-33, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2007.11.008

R. K. Freeman, Problems with intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring interpretation and patient management, Obstet Gynecol, vol.100, issue.4, pp.813-839, 2002.

A. Prentice and T. Lind, Fetal heart rate monitoring during labour--too frequent intervention, too little benefit? Lancet, pp.1375-1382, 1987.

S. B. Thacker, D. F. Stroup, and H. B. Peterson, Intrapartum Electronic Fetal Monitoring: Data for Clinical Decisions, Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.41, issue.2, pp.41-362, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00003081-199806000-00017

G. Boog, [Computer analysis of fetal heart rate by the Sonicaid Oxford 8002 System during pregnancy and labor. Personal experience and report of the literature], J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod, vol.30, issue.1, pp.28-41, 2001.

Z. Alfirevic, D. Devane, and G. M. Gyte, Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, issue.3, p.6066, 2006.

E. A. Friedman and B. H. Kroll, COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF LABOUR PROGRESSION, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol.79, issue.12, pp.1075-1084, 1969.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1969.tb05788.x

O. Dupuis and A. Simon, La surveillance f??tale pendant l???expulsion, Journal de Gyn??cologie Obst??trique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.37, issue.1, pp.93-100, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2007.11.015

K. Fukamauchi, [Studies on the tocogram with bearing-down efforts during labor--analysis of the waveform and its clinical significance], Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi, issue.7, pp.37-1081, 1985.

H. B. Krebs, R. E. Petres, and L. J. Dunn, Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.140, issue.4, pp.435-444, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9378(81)90041-7

E. Sheiner, Clinical significance of fetal heart rate tracings during the second stage of labor, Obstet Gynecol, vol.975, issue.1, pp.747-52, 2001.

J. Melchior, Le rythme cardiaque foetal pendant l'expulsion de l'accouchement normal, in Sixième journées nationales de médecine prénatale, 1977.

P. C. Bakker, The quality of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring, European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, vol.116, issue.1, pp.22-29, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.01.001

B. Langer, Fetal Pulse Oximetry during Labor of 62 Patients, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, vol.11, issue.1, pp.37-45, 1996.
DOI : 10.1159/000264277

B. Langer, Fetal pulse oximetry and fetal heart rate monitoring during stage II of labour., European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, vol.72, issue.1, pp.57-61, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0301-2115(97)02719-X

E. Salamalekis, Severe Variable Decelerations and Fetal Pulse Oximetry during the Second Stage of Labor, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, vol.20, issue.1, pp.31-35, 2005.
DOI : 10.1159/000081366

M. L. Murray, Maternal or Fetal Heart Rate? Avoiding Intrapartum Misidentification, Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, vol.33, issue.1, pp.93-104, 2004.
DOI : 10.1177/0884217503261161

C. I. Schneiderman, B. Waxman, C. J. Goodman, and J. , Maternal-fetal electrocardiogram conduction with intrapartum fetal death, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.113, issue.8, pp.113-1130, 1972.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9378(72)90747-8

I. Timor-tritsch, Misleading information from fetal monitoring in a case of intrapartum fetal death, Obstet Gynecol, vol.43, issue.5, pp.713-720, 1974.

N. A. Mcwhinney, Transmission of the maternal electrocardiograph via a fetal scalp electrode in the presence of intrauterine death. Case report, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol.43, issue.10, pp.91-1046, 1984.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1984.tb03686.x

R. Achiron and H. Zakut, Misinterpretation of fetal heart rate monitoring in case of intrauterine death, Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, vol.11, issue.4, pp.126-135, 1984.

A. Herman, Maternal ECG recorded by internal monitoring closely mimicking fetal heart rate in a recent fetal death, International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, vol.43, issue.3, pp.269-71, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-7292(90)90013-B

H. J. Odendaal, False interpretation of fetal heart role monitoring in cases of intra-uterine death, S Afr Med J, issue.49, pp.50-1963, 1976.

J. C. Amato, Fetal heart rate monitoring, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.147, issue.8, pp.967-976, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90255-7

C. P. Perry, Problem with fetal heart rate monitor, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.150, issue.1, pp.111-113, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9378(84)80130-1

P. S. Ramsey, Artifactual fetal electrocardiographic detection using internal monitoring following intrapartum fetal demise during VBAC trial, J Matern Fetal Med, issue.96, pp.360-361, 2000.

H. Klapholz, B. S. Schifrin, and R. Myrick, ROLE OF MATERNAL ARTIFACT IN FETAL HEART RATE PATTERN INTERPRETATION, Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, vol.30, issue.4, pp.373-381, 1974.
DOI : 10.1097/00006254-197504000-00005

J. M. Barrett and F. H. Boehm, Documentation of Recent Fetal Demise with Simultaneous Maternal and Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.55, issue.Supplement, pp.28-30, 1980.
DOI : 10.1097/00006250-198003001-00009

D. R. Neilson, R. K. Jr, S. Freeman, and . Mangan, Signal ambiguity resulting in unexpected outcome with external fetal heart rate monitoring, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.198, issue.6, pp.717-741, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.02.030

D. J. Sherman, Characteristics of maternal heart rate patterns during labor and delivery, Obstet Gynecol, vol.99, issue.4, pp.542-549, 2002.

C. Menihan, Electronic fetal monitoring. Concepts and applications, 2001.

S. C. Swayze, Electronic fetal monitoring Are you monitoring mother or fetus? Nursing, p.20, 1998.

V. Yamashiro, P. Scales, and H. Ng, Fetal heart rate monitoring casebook: heart rate monitoring in a case of antepartum stillbirth, J Perinatol, vol.8, issue.3, pp.276-81, 1988.

M. Murray, Antepartal and intrapartal fetal monitoring, Learning Ressources International, 1997.

M. Murray, Essentials of fetal monitoring. Learning Resources International, 2002.

R. Lackritz, DECELERATIONS ON FETAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY WITH FETAL DEMISE, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.51, issue.3, pp.367-375, 1978.
DOI : 10.1097/00006250-197803000-00025

S. Hunter and S. C. Robson, Adaptation of the maternal heart in pregnancy, Heart, vol.68, issue.12, pp.540-543, 1992.
DOI : 10.1136/hrt.68.12.540

H. Maeder and L. T. , Misinterpretation of heart rate recordings in fetal death, European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.2, issue.6, pp.167-170, 1972.
DOI : 10.1016/0028-2243(72)90040-8

T. Solum, A comparison of the Three Methods for External Fetal Cardiography, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol.59, issue.2, pp.123-129, 1980.
DOI : 10.3109/00016348009154627

J. C. Morrison, Intrapartum fetal heart rate assessment: Monitoring by auscultation or electronic means, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.168, issue.1, pp.63-69, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9378(12)90886-8

J. K. Gupta and G. J. Hofmeyr, Position for women during second stage of labour, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, vol.70, issue.5, p.2006, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/14651858.CD002006

D. Jong and P. R. , Randomised trial comparing the upright and supine positions for the second stage of labour, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol.96, issue.5, pp.567-71, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90315-2

S. Brement, [Delivery in lateral position Randomized clinical trial comparing the maternal positions in lateral position and dorsal position for the second stage of labour], Gynecol Obstet Fertil, pp.35-42, 2007.

F. Piquard, The Validity of Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring During the Second Stage of Labor, Survey of Anesthesiology, vol.3, issue.2, pp.746-51, 1988.
DOI : 10.1097/00132586-198906000-00034

C. Cardoso, G. L. Clode, and N. , A study on second stage cardiotocographic patterns and umbilical blood acid-base balance in cases with first stage normal fetal heart rate, J Matern Fetal Invest, issue.5, pp.144-147, 1995.

S. Meyer, [The changes in acid base balance of the fetus at term in the second stage of labour typed according to the CTG patterns (author's transl)], J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod, issue.96, pp.633-641, 1980.

J. Melchior, La période d'expulsion et ses dangers Surveillance du rythme cardiaque foetal, ses modifications et leur signification, cahiers médicaux Lyonnais, vol.49, issue.5, pp.339-80, 1972.