D. Mc-farland, Le comportement animal, psychobiologie, éthologie et évolution De Boeck université, 1 e édition, collection Ouvertures Psychologiques, 1999.

J. Noyé, Le grand livre du jeûne, Albin Michel, 2007.

G. Apfeldorfer, J. Fricker, S. Girard, M. Kermel, P. Serog et al., Les troubles du comportement alimentaire. Les méthodes amaigrissantes. Dans : Traité de l'alimentation et du corps, 1994.

J. P. Willem, Le secret des peuples sans cancer : prévention active du cancer, 2003.

S. Fayeulle, F. Renou, E. Protais, V. Hédouin, G. Wartel et al., Prise en charge m??dicale de la gr??ve de la faim en milieu carc??ral, La presse médicale, pp.217-222, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.lpm.2010.01.012

M. Korbonits, D. Blaine, M. Elia, and J. Powell-tuck, Metabolic and hormonal changes during the refeeding period of prolonged fasting, European Journal of Endocrinology, vol.157, issue.2, pp.157-66, 2007.
DOI : 10.1530/EJE-06-0740

M. Korbonits, D. Blaine, M. Elia, and J. Powell-tuck, Refeeding David Blaine ??? Studies after a 44-Day Fast, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.353, issue.21, pp.2306-2313, 2005.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM200511243532124

J. Hoffer, M. Shils, J. Olson, M. Shike, C. Ross et al., Metabolic consequences of starvation Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, pp.730-749, 2006.

B. Beaufrère, X. Leverve, N. Cano, D. Barnoud, S. Schneider et al., Physiologie du jeûne Traité de nutrition artificielle de l'adulte, pp.422-434, 2007.

C. Honthâas and P. Ritz, La dépense énergétique : mode d'emploi, EMC Ann Endocrinol, vol.63, issue.2, pp.3530-3537, 2002.

G. Cahill and . Jr, Starvation in man, Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol.5, issue.2, pp.668-75, 1970.
DOI : 10.1016/S0300-595X(76)80028-X

M. Apfelbaum, M. Romon, and M. Dubus, Physiopathologie de la dénutrition. Dans : Abrégés de diététique et de nutrition, pp.141-142, 2009.

Y. Cherel, R. J. Heitz, A. Calgari, C. , L. Maho et al., Relationships between lipid availability and protein utilization during prolonged fasting, Journal of Comparative Physiology B, vol.162, issue.4, pp.305-318, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00260757

S. Collins, The limit of human adaptation to starvation, Nature Medicine, vol.42, issue.8, pp.810-814, 1995.
DOI : 10.1038/nm0895-810

S. Collins and M. Myatt, Short-term Prognosis in Severe Adult and Adolescent Malnutrition During Famine, JAMA, vol.284, issue.5, 2000.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.284.5.621

C. Henry, The biology of human starvation: some new insights, Nutrition Bulletin, vol.35, issue.3, pp.205-211, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1467-3010.2001.00164.x

M. Laville, A. Métabolisme-du-jeûne-et-de-l-'homme-nourri-basdevant, M. Laville, and E. Lerebours, Traité de nutrition clinique de l'adulte. Médecine-Sciences Flammarion, pp.45-52, 2001.

. Editorial, Starvation as a therapy, JAMA, vol.92, issue.14, pp.1182-1183, 1929.

R. Moraillon, Y. Legeay, and D. Boussarie, Dictionnaire pratique de thérapeutique. Chien, chat et NAC. Masson, 6 e édition, 2007.

J. Melchior, C. P. Bletry, O. Girszyn, N. Gepner, P. Kahn et al., Du symptôme à la prescription en médecine générale : symptômes, diagnostique, thérapeutique, pp.80-83, 2009.

E. Littré, OEuvres complètes d'Hippocrate, traduction nouvelle Tome 2 Du régime dans les maladies aiguës, J.B. Baillière, vol.193, pp.309-317

E. Long, A history of the therapy of tuberculosis and the case of Frederic Chopin

. Compte-rendu-d-'e, Wickersheimer dans : Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications, pp.373-375, 1956.

E. Jellinek, The therapy of typhoid fever : a critical review, Cal State J Med, 1914.

M. Franz, The history of diabetes nutrition therapy : from starvation to evidence-based recommandations. Diabetes voice en ligne à l'adresse suivante, 2004.

G. Guelpa and . Guérison-du-diabète, Edition non renseignée, Paris, 1911 (en ligne sur <http://gallica.bnf

G. Guelpa and M. A. , La lutte contre l'épilepsie par la désintoxication et par la rééducation alimentaire Revue de thérapeutique médico-chirurgicale) (en ligne sur <http://gallica.bnf, 1911.

G. Guelpa, Autointoxication et désintoxication Communications et discussions aux Sociétés de médecine et de thérapeutique, O. Doin et fils, 1910.

N. Porta, L. Vallée, E. Boutry, and S. Auvin, Le r??gime c??tog??ne et ses variants??: certitudes et doutes, Revue Neurologique, vol.165, issue.5, pp.430-439, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neurol.2008.10.007

A. F. Creff and L. , Etats fébriles. Dans : Manuel de diététique en pratique médicale courante. Masson, 5 e édition revue et corrigée, 2004.

C. Dupont, Prise en charge diététique de la diarrhée aiguë, Encycl Méd Chir, pp.4-6, 2001.

P. Berthélemy and P. Pagès, Comment prendre en charge les formes non compliquées d'une pancréatite aiguë ? Dans : Conférence de consensus -Pancréatite aiguë, Gastroenterol Clin Biol, vol.25, pp.1-183, 2001.

J. Frexinos, L. Buscail, and . Collectif, Hépato-gastro-entérologie proctologie. Masson, collection Pour le Praticien, 5 e édition, 2004.

L. Yon, C. Doyen, M. Asch, S. Cook-darzens, and M. Mouren, Traitement de l???anorexie mentale du sujet jeune en unit?? d???hospitalisation sp??cialis??e??: recommandations et modalit??s pratiques, Archives de P??diatrie, vol.16, issue.11, pp.1491-1498, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.arcped.2009.07.022

M. Venne, L. Mongeau, J. Strecko, M. Paquette, and J. Laguë, Avis scientifique : Bénéfices, risques et encadrements associés à l'utilisation des produits, services et moyens amaigrissants (PSMA) Institut national de santé publique, 2008.

. Agence-nationale-de-sécurité, Sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail Rapport d'expertise collective : évaluation des risques liés aux pratiques alimentaires d'amaigrissement. Préparé par Lecerf J-M et coll, 2010.

A. German, The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats, J Nutr, vol.136, issue.7, 2006.

V. Biourge, J. Groff, J. Morris, and Q. Rogers, Long-term voluntary fasting in adult obese cats : nitrogen balance, plasma amino acid concentrations and urinary orotic acid excretion, J Nutr, vol.124, pp.2680-2682, 1994.

D. Hollingsworth and P. Bondy, Metabolic observations during starvation and refeeding in massively obese patients, Yale J Biol Med, vol.39, issue.5, pp.312-338, 1967.

G. Duncan, T. Duncan, G. Schless, and F. Cristofori, CONTRAINDICATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC RESULTS OF FASTING IN OBESE PATIENTS, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.187, issue.1 Adipose Tissu, pp.632-638, 1965.
DOI : 10.1016/0026-0495(64)90057-5

I. Gilliland, Total fasting in the treatment of obesity., Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol.44, issue.507, 1968.
DOI : 10.1136/pgmj.44.507.58

J. Runcie and T. Thomson, Prolonged Starvation--A Dangerous Procedure, BMJ, vol.3, issue.5720, 1970.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.3.5720.432

E. Drenick, M. E. Swendseid, B. W. Tuttle, and S. G. , Prolonged Starvation as Treatment for Severe Obesity, JAMA, vol.187, issue.2, pp.100-105, 1964.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1964.03060150024006

T. Lawlor and D. Wells, Metabolic hazards of fasting, Am J Clin Nutr, 1969.

T. Thomson, J. Runcie, and V. Miller, TREATMENT OF OBESITY BY TOTAL FASTING FOR UP TO 249 DAYS, The Lancet, vol.288, issue.7471, pp.992-998, 1966.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(66)92925-4

J. Innes, I. Campbell, C. Campbell, A. Needle, and J. Munro, Long-term Follow-up of Therapeutic Starvation, BMJ, vol.2, issue.5915, pp.356-365, 1974.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.2.5915.356

W. Stewart and L. Fleming, Features of a successful therapeutic fast of 382 days' duration, Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol.49, issue.569, pp.203-212, 1973.
DOI : 10.1136/pgmj.49.569.203

I. Scobie, Weight loss will be much faster in lean than in obese hunger strikers, BMJ, vol.316, issue.7132, p.707, 1998.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.316.7132.707

D. Swanson and F. Dinello, Follow-Up of Patients Starved for Obesity, Psychosomatic Medicine, vol.32, issue.2, pp.209-223, 1970.
DOI : 10.1097/00006842-197003000-00007

E. Crumpton, D. Wine, and E. Drenick, Starvation: stress or satisfaction? JAMA, pp.394-400, 1966.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1966.03100180062019

D. Johnson and E. Drenick, Therapeutic Fasting in Morbid Obesity, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.137, issue.10, 1977.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.1977.03630220029009

A. Maccuish, J. Munro, and L. Duncan, Follow-up study of refractory obesity treated by fasting., BMJ, vol.1, issue.5584, pp.91-93, 1968.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.1.5584.91

J. Munro, A. Maccuish, J. Goodall, J. Fraser, and L. Duncan, Further Experience with Prolonged Therapeutic Starvation in Gross Refractory Obesity, BMJ, vol.4, issue.5737, pp.712-716, 1970.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.4.5737.712

M. Sievers and M. Hendrikx, Two weight-reduction programs among southwestern Indians. Health Serv Rep, pp.530-536, 1972.

I. Spencer, Death during therapeutic starvation for obesity. Lancet, Jun, vol.15, issue.17555, pp.1288-90, 1968.

P. Kerndt, J. Naughton, C. Driscoll, and D. Loxterkamp, Fasting : the history, pathophysiology and complications, West J Med, vol.137, issue.5, pp.379-99, 1982.

I. Scobie, A. Maccuish, C. Kesson, and I. Mcneil, Neutropenia during allopurinol treatment in total therapeutic starvation., BMJ, vol.280, issue.6224, p.1163, 1980.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.280.6224.1163

E. Drenick, C. Joven, and M. Swendseid, Occurrence of Acute Wernicke's Encephalopathy during Prolonged Starvation for the Treatment of Obesity, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.274, issue.17, pp.937-946, 1966.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM196604282741705

P. Cubberley, S. Polster, and C. Schulman, Lactic Acidosis and Death after the Treatment of Obesity by Fasting, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.272, issue.12, pp.628-658, 1965.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM196503252721208

A. Kahan, Death during therapeutic starvation. Lancet, Jun, vol.22, issue.1, pp.1378-1379, 1968.
DOI : 10.1016/s0140-6736(68)92088-6

E. Garnett, D. Barnard, J. Ford, R. Goodbody, and M. Woodehouse, GROSS FRAGMENTATION OF CARDIAC MYOFIBRILS AFTER THERAPEUTIC STARVATION FOR OBESITY, The Lancet, vol.293, issue.7601, pp.914-920, 1969.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(69)92546-X

M. Rose and R. Greene, Cardiovascular complications during prolonged starvation, West J Med. Feb, vol.130, issue.2, pp.170-177, 1979.

I. Scobie, W. Durward, and A. Maccuish, Proximal myopathy after prolonged total therapeutic starvation., BMJ, vol.280, issue.6225, pp.1212-1215, 1980.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.280.6225.1212-a

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1601514

T. Pringle, I. Scobie, R. Murray, C. Kesson, and A. Maccuish, Prolongation of the QT interval during therapeutic starvation: a substrate for malignant arrhythmias, Int J Obes, vol.7, issue.3, pp.253-61, 1983.

A. Johnstone, Fasting -the ultimate diet? Obes Rev, pp.211-233, 2007.

B. Beleslin, J. Cirid, M. Zarkovid, S. Vujovid, B. Trbojevid et al., The effects of threeweek fasting diet on blood pressure, lipid profile and glucoregulation in extremely obese patients. Srp Arh Celok Lek, pp.7-8440, 2007.

J. Schrub, L. Wolf, H. Courtois, and F. Javet, Cure de jeûne avec exercice musculaire. Evolution du poids et du bilan azoté, Nouv Presse Med, vol.4, issue.12, pp.875-883, 1975.

F. Wilhelmi-de-toledo, R. Friebe, D. Hebisch, C. Kuhn, G. Platzer et al., The buchinger klinik programme for the treatment of obesity, Disponible sur, pp.289-293, 1993.

J. Steiniger, A. Scnheider, S. Bergmann, M. Boschmann, and K. Janietz, Effects of fasting and endurance training on energy metabolism and physical fitness in obese patients, Forsch Komplementmed, vol.16, issue.6, pp.383-90, 2009.

I. Efficacité, utilisation du jeûne modifié aux protéines Revue de littérature. Rapport préparé par Raymonde M-H. Mayot, ETMIS, vol.6, issue.3 3, pp.1-68, 2010.

R. Au-premier-ministre, Nutrition et risque sectaire, Disponible sur, pp.105-108, 2009.

N. Boudreau, Jeûner pour sa santé. Quebecor, coll Santé naturelle, Montréal , 3 e édition, 2008.

T. Salloum, A. Goldhamer, D. Lisle, and A. Goldhamer, Therapeutic fasting The pleasure trap : mastering the hidden force that undermines health and happiness. Healthy living publications, 2003.

D. Holzman, Fasting, health benefits versus risks. Alternative and Complementary Therapies, pp.227-230, 1998.

D. Boehme, Preplanned Fasting in the Treatment of Mental Disease: Survey of Current Soviet Literature, Schizophrenia Bulletin, vol.3, issue.2, pp.288-96, 1977.
DOI : 10.1093/schbul/3.2.288

N. Korchazhkina, M. Ashikhmin, V. Gurvich, O. Lebedev, and K. Kotenko, The use of fasting-diet therapy (RDT) in restorative medicine Institut des hautes études de l'agence fédérale pour la recherche biomédicale et les problèmes extrêmes, Ministère de la Santé de Russie Moscou, 2005. Disponible en langue russe sur

A. Cott, Controlled fasting treatment for schizophrenia Orthomolecular psychiatry Disponible sur : <http://www.orthomolecular.org/library/jom, pp.301-3111974, 1974.

J. Suzuki, Y. Yamauchi, M. Horikawa, and S. Yamagata, Fasting Therapy for Psychosomatic Diseases with Special Reference to Its Indication and Therapeutic Mechanism, The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.118, issue.Suppl, pp.245-59, 1976.
DOI : 10.1620/tjem.118.Suppl_245

J. Suzuki, Y. Yamauchi, H. Yamamoto, and U. Komuro, Fasting Therapy for Psychosomatic Disorders in Japan, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, vol.31, issue.1-4, pp.307-321, 1979.
DOI : 10.1159/000287345

M. Kanazawa, M. Hongo, and S. Fukudo, Fasting therapy for functional gastrointestinal disorders, International Congress Series, vol.1287, pp.309-312, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ics.2005.09.163

G. Komaki, H. Tamai, H. Sumioki, T. Mori, N. Kobayashi et al., Plasma Beta-Endorphin during Fasting in Man, Hormone Research, vol.33, issue.6, pp.239-282, 1990.
DOI : 10.1159/000181525

G. Komaki, F. Kanazawa, H. Sogawa, K. Mine, H. Tamai et al., Alterations in lymphocyte subsets and pituitary-adrenal gland-related hormones during fasting, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.66, issue.1, pp.147-52, 1997.

A. Michalsen, B. Hoffmann, S. Moebus, M. Bäcker, J. Langhorst et al., Incorporation of fasting therapy in an integrative medicine ward -evaluation of outcome, safety and effects on lifestyle adherence in a large prospective cohort study, Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies, vol.10, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.2042-7166.2005.tb00504.x

A. Goldhamer, D. Lisle, B. Parpia, S. Anderson, and T. Campbell, Medically supervised water-only fasting in the treatment of hypertension, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 2001.

A. Goldhamer, D. Lisle, P. Sultana, S. Anderson, B. Parpia et al., Medically Supervised Water-Only Fasting in the Treatment of Borderline Hypertension, The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, vol.8, issue.5, pp.643-50, 2002.
DOI : 10.1089/107555302320825165

A. Goldhamer, Initial Cost of Care Results in Medically Supervised Water-Only Fasting for Treating High Blood Pressure and Diabetes, The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, vol.8, issue.6, pp.696-703, 2002.
DOI : 10.1089/10755530260511694

M. Carty and M. , A preliminary fast may potentiate response to a subsequent low-salt, lowfat vegan diet in the management of hypertension -fasting as a strategy for breaking metabolic vicious cycles, Med Hypotheses, vol.60, issue.5, pp.624-657, 2003.

L. Sävendahl and L. Underwood, Fasting increases serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in healthy, nonobese humans, J Nutr, vol.129, issue.11, pp.2005-2013, 1999.

R. Huber, M. Nauck, R. Lüdtke, and H. Scharnagl, Effects of One Week Juice Fasting on Lipid Metabolism: A Cohort Study in Healthy Subjects, Forschende Komplement??rmedizin / Research in Complementary Medicine, vol.10, issue.1, pp.7-10, 2003.
DOI : 10.1159/000069901

R. Lloyd-mostyn, P. Lord, R. Glover, C. West, and I. Gilliland, Uric acid metabolism in starvation., Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.29, issue.5, pp.553-558, 1970.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.29.5.553

H. Müller, F. De-toledo, and K. Resch, Fasting followed by vegetarian diet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review, Scand J Rheumatol, vol.30, issue.1, pp.1-10, 2001.

A. Udén, L. Trang, N. Venizelos, and J. Palmblad, Neutrophil functions and clinical performance after total fasting in patients with rheumatoid arthritis., Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.42, issue.1, 1983.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.42.1.45

I. Hafström, B. Ringertz, H. Gyllenhammar, J. Palmblad, and M. Harms-ringdahl, Effects of fasting on disease activity, neutrophil function, fatty acid composition, and leukotriene biosynthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.12, issue.5, pp.585-92, 1988.
DOI : 10.1002/art.1780310502

J. Palmblad, I. Hafström, and B. Ringertz, Antirheumatic effects of fasting, Rheum Dis Clin North Am, vol.17, issue.2, pp.351-62, 1991.

L. Sköldstam, L. Larsson, and F. Lindström, Effects Of Fasting and Lactovegetarian Diet on Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, vol.294, issue.39, pp.249-55, 1979.
DOI : 10.3109/03009747909114631

O. Førre, Controlled trial of fasting and one-year vegetarian diet in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet, Oct, vol.12338, issue.8772, pp.899-902, 1991.

J. Kjeldsen-kragh, Rheumatoid arthritis treated with vegetarian diets, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.70, issue.3, 1999.

J. Kjeldsen-kragh, M. Haugen, O. Førre, H. Laache, and U. Malt, VEGETARIAN DIET FOR PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: CAN THE CLINICAL EFFECTS BE EXPLAINED BY THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PATIENTS?, Rheumatology, vol.33, issue.6, pp.569-75, 1994.
DOI : 10.1093/rheumatology/33.6.569

E. Lindberg, Can nutritional factors modify chronic polyarthritis? Z Physiother, 1973.

L. Sköldstam, Preliminary Reports: Fasting and Vegan Diet in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, vol.2, issue.4, pp.219-240, 1986.
DOI : 10.3109/03009748609102091

. Haute-autorité-de-santé, Recommandations professionnelles Polyarthrite rhumatoïde : aspects thérapeutiques hors médicaments et chirurgie-aspects médico-sociaux et organisationnels, Argumentaire. Mars, vol.disponible sur, 2007.

K. Hagen, M. Byfuglien, L. Falzon, S. Olsen, and G. Smedslund, Dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009.

H. Kremers, P. Nicola, C. Crowson, K. Ballman, and S. Gabriel, Prognostic importance of low body mass index in relation to cardiovascular mortality in rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.156, issue.11
DOI : 10.1002/art.20612

H. Hagège, Les traitements alternatifs dans le syndrome de l???intestin irritable, Gastroent??rologie Clinique et Biologique, vol.33
DOI : 10.1016/S0399-8320(09)71528-3

M. Kanazawa and S. Fukudo, Effects of fasting therapy on irritable bowel syndrome, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, vol.32, issue.3, pp.214-234, 2006.
DOI : 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1303_4

M. Kano, S. Fukudo, M. Kanazawa, Y. Endo, H. Narita et al., Changes in intestinal motility, visceral sensitivity and minor mucosal inflammation after fasting therapy in a patient with irritable bowel syndrome, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol.32, issue.6, pp.1078-1087, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70170-3

. Haute-autorité-de-santé, Recommandations professionnels Douleur chronique : reconnaître le syndrome douloureux chronique, l'évaluer et orienter le patient. Consensus formalisé. Décembre 2008, disponible sur : <http://www.has-sante.fr/portail/upload/docs/application/pdf/2009- 01/douleur_chronique_recommandations.pdf> [119] Michalsen A. Prolonged fasting as a method of mood enhancement in chronic pain syndromes: a review of clinical evidence and mechanisms Curr Pain Headache Rep, 2010.

A. Michalsen, M. Riegert, R. Lüdtke, M. Bäcker, J. Langhorst et al., Mediterranean diet or extended fasting's influence on changing the intestinal microflora, immunoglobulin A secretion and clinical outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia: an observational study, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol.6, issue.1, p.22, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/1028415021000042811

A. Masuda, T. Nakayama, T. Yamanaka, K. Hatsutanmaru, and C. Tei, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Fasting Therapy for a Patient with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome., Internal Medicine, vol.40, issue.11, 2001.
DOI : 10.2169/internalmedicine.40.1158

A. Michalsen, S. Schneider, A. Rodenbeck, R. Lüdtke, G. Huether et al., The Short-term Effects of Fasting on the Neuroendocrine System in Patients with Chronic Pain Syndromes, Nutritional Neuroscience, vol.8, issue.1, pp.11-19, 2003.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.429

A. Michalsen, M. Kuhlmann, R. Lüdtke, M. Bäcker, J. Langhorst et al., Prolonged fasting in patients with chronic pain syndromes leads to late mood-enhancement not related to weight loss and fasting-induced leptin depletion, Nutritional Neuroscience, vol.70, issue.5-6, pp.5-6195, 2006.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008

A. Michalsen, F. Schlegel, A. Rodenbeck, R. Lüdtke, G. Huether et al., Effects of Short-Term Modified Fasting on Sleep Patterns and Daytime Vigilance in Non-Obese Subjects: Results of a Pilot Study, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, vol.47, issue.5, pp.194-200, 2003.
DOI : 10.1159/000070485

A. Michalsen, U. Frey, and S. Merse, Hunger and Mood during Extended Fasting Are Dependent on the <i>GNB3</i> C825T Polymorphism, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, vol.54, issue.3, pp.184-188, 2009.
DOI : 10.1159/000217815

C. Mccay, M. Crowell, and L. Maynard, The effect of retarded growth upon the length of life span and upon the ultimate body size. 1935. Nutrition, pp.155-71, 1989.

R. Mockett, T. Cooper, W. Orr, and R. Sohal, Effects of caloric restriction are species-specific, Biogerontology, vol.33, issue.8, pp.157-60, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10522-006-9004-3

L. Bourg and E. , La restriction calorique, un moyen de retarder le vieillissement et d'augmenter la longévité ? Press Med, pp.121-128, 2005.

G. Roth, M. Lane, D. Ingram, J. Mattison, D. Elahi et al., Biomarkers of Caloric Restriction May Predict Longevity in Humans, Science, vol.297, issue.5582, p.811, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1071851

R. Colman, R. Anderson, S. Johnson, E. Kastman, K. Kosmatka et al., Caloric Restriction Delays Disease Onset and Mortality in Rhesus Monkeys, Science, vol.325, issue.5937, pp.201-205, 2009.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1173635

I. Messaoudi, M. Fischer, J. Warner, B. Park, J. Mattison et al., Optimal window of caloric restriction onset limits its beneficial impact on T-cell senescence in primates, Aging Cell, vol.195, issue.2, pp.908-927, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00440.x

B. Yu and H. Chung, Stress Resistance by Caloric Restriction for Longevity, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.285, issue.1, pp.39-47, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05633.x

R. Sohal and R. Weindruch, Oxidative Stress, Caloric Restriction, and Aging, Science, vol.273, issue.5271
DOI : 10.1126/science.273.5271.59

E. Fontaine, . Radicaux-libres, and . Vieillissement, Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique, pp.110-115, 2007.

C. Nguyen and . L-'île-d, Okinawa : un modèle du bien vieillir ? Réflexions et perspectives, NPG, vol.8, issue.43, pp.35-41, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.npg.2008.01.007

J. Holloszy and L. Fontana, Caloric restriction in humans, Experimental Gerontology, vol.42, issue.8, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.exger.2007.03.009

L. Fontana, T. Meyer, S. Klein, and J. Holloszy, Long-term calorie restriction is highly effective in reducing the risk for atherosclerosis in humans, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.17, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0308291101

R. Walford, D. Mock, R. Verdery, and T. Maccallum, Calorie Restriction in Biosphere 2: Alterations in Physiologic, Hematologic, Hormonal, and Biochemical Parameters in Humans Restricted for a 2-Year Period, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.57, issue.6, pp.211-235, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/gerona/57.6.B211

R. Walford, D. Mock, T. Maccallum, and J. Laseter, Physiologic changes in humans subjected to severe, selective calorie restriction for two years in biosphere 2: health, aging and toxicological perspectives, Toxicological Sciences, vol.52, issue.90001, pp.61-66, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/52.suppl_1.61

L. Redman, C. Martin, D. Williamson, and E. Ravussin, Effect of caloric restriction in nonobese humans on physiological, psychological and behavioral outcomes, Physiol Behav, 2008.

D. Villareal, L. Fontana, E. Weiss, S. Racette, K. Steger-may et al., Bone Mineral Density Response to Caloric Restriction???Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.166, issue.22, pp.2502-2512, 2006.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.166.22.2502

D. Larson-meyer, L. Redman, L. Heilbronn, C. Martin, and E. Ravussin, Caloric Restriction with or without Exercise, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol.42, issue.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ad7f17

L. Redman, L. Heilbronn, C. Martin, L. De-jonge, D. Williamson et al., Metabolic and Behavioral Compensations in Response to Caloric Restriction: Implications for the Maintenance of Weight Loss, PLoS ONE, vol.61, issue.2, p.4377, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0004377.s002

S. Das, C. Gilhooly, J. Golden, A. Pittas, P. Fuss et al., Long-term effects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in glycemic load on dietary adherence, body composition, and metabolism in CALERIE: a 1-y randomized controlled trial, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.85, issue.4, pp.1023-1053, 2007.

W. Zheng, D. Mclerran, R. B. Zhang, X. Inoue, M. Matsuo et al., Association between Body-Mass Index and Risk of Death in More Than 1 Million Asians, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.364, issue.8, pp.719-748, 2011.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1010679

A. Carlson and F. Hoelzel, Apparent prolongation of the life span of rats by intermittent fasting, J Nutr, vol.31, pp.363-75, 1946.

R. Anson, Z. Guo, R. De-cabo, T. Iyun, M. Rios et al., Intermittent fasting dissociates beneficial effects of dietary restriction on glucose metabolism and neuronal resistance to injury from calorie intake, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.100, issue.10, pp.6216-6236, 2003.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1035720100

K. Varady and M. Hellerstein, Alternate-day fasting and chronic disease prevention: a review of human and animal trials, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.86, issue.1, pp.7-13, 2007.

O. Descamps, J. Riondel, V. Ducros, and A. Roussel, Mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species and incidence of age-associated lymphoma in OF1 mice: Effect of alternate-day fasting, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol.126, issue.11, pp.1185-91, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mad.2005.06.007

M. Soeters, N. Lammers, P. Dubbelhuis, M. Ackermans, C. Jonkers-schuitema et al., Intermittent fasting does not affect whole-body glucose, lipid, or protein metabolism, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.90, issue.5, pp.1244-51, 2009.
DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27327

N. Halberg, M. Henriksen, and N. Soderhamn, Effect of intermittent fasting and refeeding on insulin action in healthy men, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.99, issue.6, pp.2128-2164, 2005.
DOI : 10.1152/japplphysiol.00683.2005

L. Heilbronn, S. Smith, C. Martin, S. Anton, and E. Ravussin, Alternate-day fasting in nonobese subjects: effects on body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.81, pp.69-73, 2005.

L. Heilbronn, A. Civitarese, I. Bogacka, S. Smith, M. Hulver et al., Glucose Tolerance and Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression in Response to Alternate Day Fasting, Obesity Research, vol.289, issue.3, pp.574-81, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/oby.2005.61

J. Johnson, W. Summer, R. Cutler, B. Martin, D. Hyun et al., Alternate day calorie restriction improves clinical findings and reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight adults with moderate asthma, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.42, issue.5, pp.665-74, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.12.005

K. Varady, S. Bhutani, E. Church, and M. Klempel, Short-term modified alternate-day fasting: a novel dietary strategy for weight loss and cardioprotection in obese adults, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.90, issue.5, pp.1138-1181, 2009.
DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28380

K. Stote, D. Baer, K. Spears, D. Paul, G. Harris et al., A controlled trial of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction in healthy, normal-weight, middle-aged adults, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.85, issue.4, pp.981-989, 2007.

J. Betts, D. Thompson, J. Richardson, E. Chowdhury, M. Jeans et al., Bath Breakfast Project (BBP) - Examining the role of extended daily fasting in human energy balance and associated health outcomes: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN31521726], Trials, vol.274, issue.1, 2011.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.274.25.18093

. France, Disponible sur : <http://www.academie-veterinaire-defrance.org/bulletin/pdf, p.139, 2008.

B. Martin, M. Mattson, and S. Maudsley, Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting: Two potential diets for successful brain aging, Ageing Research Reviews, vol.5, issue.3, pp.332-53, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.arr.2006.04.002

E. Bertholet, Le retour à la santé par le jeûne, 1974.

R. Lejeune and . Jeûner, Guérison et fête du corps et de l'esprit, 1988.

H. Lützner and . Le-jeûne, Maigrir, éliminer, se désintoxiquer Terre vivante, Mens, 2010 (Trad. de la 13 e édition allemande, par Florin J-M et Haby R, 1983.

T. Schaller and J. Razanamahay, La Pratique du jeûne holistique. Vivez soleil, 2004.

A. Ehret, Rational fasting. A scientific method of fasting your way to health, 1926.

S. Lacoste, Les surprenantes vertus du jeûne, 2007.

A. Saury, Régénération par le jeûne. Dangles Ed, collection Psycho-soma, Saint-Jean de Braye, 1978.

A. Kozubík and M. Pospísil, Protective effect of intermittent fasting on the mortality of gamma-irradiated mice, Strahlentherapie, vol.158, issue.12, pp.734-742, 1982.

A. Kozubík and M. Pospísil, Intermittent Feeding as A Factor Enhancing Hemopoietic Stem Cell Proliferation and Spleen Colony Formation in Irradiated Mice, Acta Radiologica: Oncology, vol.100, issue.4, pp.357-61, 1985.
DOI : 10.3109/02841868509136065

A. Odum, S. Haworth, and D. Schaal, Food-deprivation level alters the effects of morphine on pigeons' key pecking., Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, vol.69, issue.3, pp.295-310, 1998.
DOI : 10.1901/jeab.1998.69-295

S. Tobin, A. Newman, T. Quinn, and U. Shalev, A role for dopamine D1-like receptors in acute food deprivation-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking in rats, The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.12, issue.02, pp.217-243, 2008.
DOI : 10.1017/S1461145708008778

Y. Shaham, U. Shalev, L. Lu, D. Wit, H. Stewart et al., The reinstatement model of drug relapse: history, methodology and major findings, Psychopharmacology, vol.168, issue.1-2, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00213-002-1224-x

R. Leeman, O. Malley, S. White, M. Mckee, and S. , Nicotine and food deprivation decrease the ability to resist smoking, Psychopharmacology, vol.17, issue.Suppl, pp.25-32, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00213-010-1902-z

P. Wyss, S. Mühlebach, and M. Bickel, Pharmacokinetics of 2,2',4,4',5,5'- hexachlorobiphenyl (6-CB) in rats with decreasing adipose tissue mass. I. Effects of restricting food intake two weeks after administration of 6-CB. Drug Metab Dispos, 1982.

S. Polischu, R. Norstrom, and M. Ramsay, Body burdens and tissue concentrations of organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) vary during seasonal fasts, Environmental Pollution, vol.118, issue.1, pp.29-39, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00278-0

M. Furue, T. Uenotsuchi, K. Urabe, T. Ishikawa, M. Kuwabara et al., Overview of Yusho A trial of fasting cure for PCB-poisoned patients in Taiwan, Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement Am J Ind Med, vol.15, issue.112, pp.147-53, 1984.

M. Imamura, A follow-up study on fasting therapy of yusho patients. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi, pp.646-654, 1975.

M. Kuratsune, H. Yoshimura, Y. Hori, M. Okumara, Y. Masuda et al., A human disaster caused by PCBs and related compounds, 1996.

L. Livre-disponible-sur-raffaghello, C. Lee, F. Safdie, M. Wei, F. Madia et al., Starvation-dependent differential stress resistance protects normal but not cancer cells against high-dose chemotherapy, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.105, issue.24, pp.8215-8235, 2008.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0708100105

J. Johnson, S. John, and D. Laub, Pretreatment with alternate day modified fast will permit higher dose and frequency of cancer chemotherapy and better cure rates. Med Hypotheses, pp.381-383, 2009.

F. M. Safdie, T. Dorff, D. Quinn, L. Fontana, M. Wei et al., Fasting and cancer treatment in humans: A case series report, Aging, vol.1, issue.12, pp.988-1007, 2009.
DOI : 10.18632/aging.100114

H. Lieberman, C. Caruso, P. Niro, G. Adam, M. Kellogg et al., A double-blind, placebo-controlled test of 2 d of calorie deprivation: effects on cognition, activity, sleep, and interstitial glucose concentrations, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.88, issue.3, pp.667-76, 2008.