intermédiaire de molécules appelées « adaptateurs » telles que growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (Grb2) et son of sevenless (SOS, drosophila, homolog 1 ou guanine nucleotide exchange factor) KRAS activé provoque une cascade moléculaire aboutissant à l'activation de MEK, puis d'ERK et à la transcription de nombreux gènes au niveau du noyau de la cellule (C-MYC, CREB, NF-KB ?) dont l'aboutissement est la prolifération cellulaire, la survie de la cellule, la diffusion de métastases et la néoangiogenèse, D'autres voies sont ég alement activées dont la voie phosphoinositol kinases (PI3K) et AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1) ,
appelée aussi drosophila, homolog of, 1; spry1) régule négativement les protéines RAS ,
MEK : mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular-signal regulated kinase ; ERK : extracellular signal regulated kinase ; Grb2 : growth factor receptor bound 2 ; SOS : son of sevenless ; NF1 : neurofibromin 1 ; Ral : V-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A ; RBP1 : RalA-binding protein 1 ; PTEN : phosphatase homologue to tensin Imaging anatomy of the paranasal sinuses, J. Radiol, issue.84, pp.2003-885 ,
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