D. Bieri, R. Reeve, and G. Champion, The FSP for the self assessment of the severity of pain experiences children: development, initial validation, and preliminary investigations for ratio scale properties, Pain, issue.41, pp.139-150, 1990.

J. Bildner and S. Krechel, Increasing staff nurse awareness of postoperative pain management in the NICU, Neonat Network, vol.15, pp.11-16, 1996.

S. Bringuier, C. Dadure, O. Raux, A. Dubois, M. Picot et al., The Perioperative Validity of the Visual Analog Anxiety Scale in Children: A Discriminant and Useful Instrument in Routine Clinical Practice to Optimize Postoperative Pain Management, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.109, issue.3, pp.737-744, 2009.
DOI : 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181af00e4

S. Bringuier, M. Picot, C. Dadure, R. A. Raux, O. Boulhais et al., A prospective comparison of postsurgical behavioral pain scales in preschoolers highlighting the risk of false evaluation, Pain, issue.145, pp.60-68, 2009.

L. Broadman, L. Rice, and R. Hannallah, TESTING THE VALIDITY OF AN OBJECTIVE PAIN SCALE FOB INFANTS AND CHILDREN, Anesthesiology, vol.69, issue.Supplement, pp.69-770, 1988.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-198809010-00770

N. Burns and S. Grove, The concepts of measurement. The practice of nursing research, pp.319-341, 1997.

J. Caldas, J. Pais-ribeiro, and S. Carneiro, General anesthesia, surgery and hospitalization in children and their effects upon cognitive, academic, emotional and sociobehavioral development-a review Pediatric anesthesia, pp.910-915, 2004.

C. Chambers, G. Reid, and P. Mcgrath, A Randomized Trial of a Pain Education Booklet: Effects on Parents' Attitudes and Postoperative Pain Management, Children's Health Care, vol.7, issue.1
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3959(92)90130-4

E. Fournier-charrière, B. Tourniaire, R. Carbajal, P. Cimerman, F. Lassauge et al., EVENDOL, a new behavioral pain scale for children ages 0 to 7 years in the emergency department: Design and validation, Pain, vol.153, issue.8, pp.1573-1582
DOI : 10.1016/j.pain.2012.02.024

N. Goubet, R. Clifton, and B. Shah, Learning About Pain in Preterm Newborns, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, vol.22, issue.6, pp.22-418, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00004703-200112000-00009

R. Grunau, T. Oberlander, M. Whitfield, C. Fitgerald, and S. Lee, Demographic and Therapeutic Determinants of Pain Reactivity in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates at 32 Weeks' Postconceptional Age, PEDIATRICS, vol.107, issue.1, pp.105-112, 2001.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.107.1.105

R. Grunau, M. Whitfield, and J. Petrie, Early pain experience, child, and family factors as precursors of somatisation: a prospective study of extremely premature and fullterm children, Pain, issue.56, pp.353-359, 1994.

K. Hadden, V. Baeyer, and C. , Pain in children with cerebral palsy: common triggers and expressive behaviors, Pain, vol.99, issue.1, pp.281-288, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00123-9

Z. Kain, L. Mayes, A. Caldwell-andrews, D. Karas, and B. Mcclain, Preoperative Anxiety, Postoperative Pain, and Behavioral Recovery in Young Children Undergoing Surgery, PEDIATRICS, vol.118, issue.2, pp.118-651, 2006.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2005-2920

A. Kelly, C. Powell, and A. Williams, Parent visual analogue scale ratings of children???s pain do not reliably reflect pain reported by child, Pediatric Emergency Care, vol.18, issue.3, pp.18-159, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00006565-200206000-00002

N. Kuratani and Y. Oi, Greater Incidence of Emergence Agitation in Children after Sevoflurane Anesthesia as Compared with Halothane, Anesthesiology, vol.109, issue.2, pp.225-232, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31817f5c18

D. Lardner, B. Dick, and S. Crawford, The effects of parental presence in the postanesthesic care unit on children's postoperative behavior: a prospective, randomized, controlled study, Anesthesia and analgesia, vol.110, issue.4, pp.1102-1108, 2010.

S. Lee, H. Ralston, E. Drey, J. Partridge, and M. Rosen, Fetal Pain, JAMA, vol.294, issue.8, pp.947-954, 2005.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.294.8.947

C. Lejus, Douleur post-opératoire. Recommandations de l'AFSSAPS : prise en charge médicamenteuse de la douleur aigue et chronique, 2010.

G. Lobiondo-wood and J. Haber, Reliability and Validity. Nursing research : Methods, clinical appraisal and utilization, pp.327-350, 1998.

R. Manworren, C. Paulos, and R. Pop, Treating children for acute agitation in the PACU: differentiating pain and emergence delirium, Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, vol.19, issue.3, pp.19-183, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jopan.2004.03.004

M. Grath, P. Johnson, G. Goodman, and J. , A behavioral scale for rating post operative pain in children Advances in pain research and therapy, pp.395-402, 1985.

S. Merkel, T. Voepel-lewis, and J. Shayevitz, The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring post operative pain in young children, Pediatr Nursing, issue.23, pp.293-297, 1997.

D. Miller, Comparisons of pain ratings from post operative children, their mothers and their nurses, Pediatr Nursing, vol.22, pp.145-149, 1996.

B. Ngai and J. Ducharme, Documented use of analgesics in the emergency department and upon release of patients with extremity fractures [letter], Acad Emerg Med, issue.4, pp.1176-1178, 1997.

S. Nilsson, B. Finnström, and E. Kokinsky, The FLACC behavioral scale for procedural pain assessment in children aged 5-16 years Pediatric anesthesia, pp.767-774, 2008.

M. Pagé, F. Campbell, L. Isaac, J. Stinson, A. Martin-pichora et al., Reliability and validity of the Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS) in a clinical sample of children and adolescent with acute post surgical pain, Pain, issue.152, pp.1958-1965, 2011.

M. Pagé, S. Fuss, A. Martin, E. Escobar, and J. Katz, Development and Preliminary Validation of the Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale in a Community Sample, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, vol.35, issue.10, pp.2010-1071
DOI : 10.1093/jpepsy/jsq034

C. Pederson, Effect of imagery on children's pain and anxiety during cardiac catheterization, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, vol.10, issue.6, pp.365-374, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0882-5963(05)80034-X

B. Pieters, E. Penn, P. Nicklaus, D. Bruegger, B. Mehta et al., Emergence delirium and postoperative pain in children undergoing tonsillectomy: a comparison of propofol vs sevoflurane anesthesia. Pediatric anesthesia, pp.2010-944

F. Porter, R. Grunau, and K. Anand, Long-Term Effects of Pain in Infants, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, vol.20, issue.4, pp.253-261, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00004703-199908000-00008

N. Sikich and J. Lerman, Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale, Anesthesiology, vol.100, issue.5, pp.1138-1145, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200405000-00015

A. Singer, J. Gulla, H. Thode, and . Jr, Parents and Practitioners Are Poor Judges of Young Children's Pain Severity, Academic Emergency Medicine, vol.9, issue.6, pp.609-612, 2002.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.99.5.711

J. Stinson, T. Kavanagh, J. Yamada, N. Gill, and B. Stevens, Systematic review of the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents, Pain, vol.125, issue.1, pp.143-157, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pain.2006.05.006

S. Suraseranivongse, U. Santawat, K. Kraiprasit, S. Petcharatana, S. Prakkamodom et al., Cross-validation of a composite pain scale for preschool children within 24 hours of surgery, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.87, issue.3, pp.400-405, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/87.3.400

A. Taddio, V. Shah, and C. Gilbert-macleod, Conditioning and Hyperalgesia in Newborns Exposed to Repeated Heel Lances, JAMA, vol.288, issue.7, pp.288-857, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.288.7.857

T. Tasmuth, V. Smitten, K. Hietanen, P. , M. Kalso et al., Pain and other symptoms after different treatment modalities of breast cancer, Annals of Oncology, vol.6, issue.5, pp.453-459, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a059215

M. Tesler, W. Holzemer, and M. Savedra, Pain behaviors: Postsurgical responses of children and adolescents, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, vol.13, issue.1, pp.41-47, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0882-5963(98)80067-5

P. Tripi, T. Palermo, S. Thomas, M. Goldfinger, and I. Florentino-pineda, Assessment of risk factors for emergence distress and postoperative behavioural changes in children following general anesthesia. Pediatric anesthesia, pp.235-240, 2004.

T. Voepel-lewis, C. Burke, S. Hadden, A. Tait, and S. Malviya, Nurses??? Diagnoses and Treatment Decisions Regarding Care of the Agitated Child, Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, vol.20, issue.4, pp.239-248, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jopan.2005.05.006

T. Voepel-lewis, S. Merkel, and A. Tait, The reliability and validity of FLACC observational tool as a measure of pain in children with cognitive impairment, Anesth anal, issue.95, pp.1224-1229, 2002.

V. Baeyer, C. Spagrud, and L. , Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years, Pain, issue.127, pp.140-150, 2007.

C. Weldon, M. Bell, and T. Craddock, The Effect of Caudal Analgesia on Emergence Agitation in Children After Sevoflurane Versus Halothane Anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia, issue.98, pp.321-326, 2004.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ANE.0000096004.96603.08

Y. Zisk-rony, R. Fortier, M. , M. Chorney, J. Perret et al., Parental post operative pain management : Attitudes, assessment, and Management, Pediatrics, issue.125, pp.1372-1378, 2010.

H. Zhou, P. Roberts, and L. Horgan, Association between self-report pain ratings of child and parent, child and nurse and parent and nurse dyads: meta-analysis, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol.11, issue.2, pp.334-342, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04694.x