). Applications, 74 3.1. Tricholoma equestre (n°354) / Tricholoma frondosae (n°110936) / Tricholoma auratum, pp.91-102, 2000.

. Kirck, reprennent dans l'ouvrage Dictionnary of the fungi 9th éd, 2001.

. Bandoni, sur les Hétérobasidiomycètes pour les compiler et proposer un nouveau niveau de classification. Les « Basidiomycètes » (anciennement Hyménomycètes) ont ainsi été divisés en deux sous-classes : (i) d'une part les Tremellomycetidae, 2001.

. Bandoni-en, plus un ordre: les Cystofilobasidiales et (ii) d'autre part, les fongiques, d'alimenter les bases de données et de trouver de nouveaux marqueurs géniques toujours plus performants, 2001.

S. Altschul, W. Gish, W. Miller, E. Myers, and D. Lipman, Basic local alignment search tool, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.215, issue.3, pp.403-410, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2

S. Andersson, O. Karlberg, B. Canback, and C. Kurland, On the origin of mitochondria: a genomics perspective, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.358, issue.1429, pp.165-177, 2003.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.2002.1193

F. Bataille, Les réactions macrochimiques chez les champignons, 1969.

D. Begerow, B. John, and F. Oberwinkler, Evolutionary relationships among ??-tubulin gene sequences of basidiomycetous fungi, Mycological Research, vol.108, issue.11, pp.1257-1263, 2004.
DOI : 10.1017/S0953756204001066

D. Begerow, H. Nilsson, M. Unterseher, and W. Maier, Current state and perspectives of fungal DNA barcoding and rapid identification procedures, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol.23, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.99-108, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00253-010-2585-4

M. Berbee and J. Taylor, The Mycota VII, part B: a comprehensive treatise on fungi as experimental systems for basic and applied research, 2001.

M. Binder and D. Hibbett, Higher-Level Phylogenetic Relationships of Homobasidiomycetes (Mushroom-Forming Fungi) Inferred from Four rDNA Regions, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol.22, issue.1, pp.76-90, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/mpev.2001.1043

M. Binder, D. Hibbett, K. Larsson, E. Larsson, E. Langer et al., The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes). Syst, Biodiversity, vol.3, pp.113-157, 2005.

M. Binder, K. Larsson, P. Matheny, and D. Hibbett, Amylocorticiales ord. nov. and Jaapiales ord. nov.: Early diverging clades of Agaricomycetidae dominated by corticioid forms, Mycologia, vol.102, issue.4, pp.865-80, 2010.
DOI : 10.3852/09-288

L. Bowe, G. Coat, D. Pamphilis, and C. , Phylogeny of seed plants based on all three genomic compartments: Extant gymnosperms are monophyletic and Gnetales' closest relatives are conifers, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.97, issue.8, pp.4092-4097, 1999.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.97.8.4092

T. Bruns, T. Szaro, M. Gardes, K. Cullings, J. Pan et al., A sequence database for the identification of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes by phylogenetic analysis, Molecular Ecology, vol.7, issue.3, pp.257-272, 1998.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1998.00337.x

F. Carriconde, M. Gardes, P. Jargeat, J. Heilmann-clausen, B. Mouhamadou et al., Population Evidence of Cryptic Species and Geographical Structure in the Cosmopolitan Ectomycorrhizal Fungus, Tricholoma scalpturatum, Microbial Ecology, vol.66, issue.3, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00248-008-9370-2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00338213

N. Corradi, K. Gerrit, and I. Sanders, Monophyly of ??-tubulin and H+-ATPase gene variants in Glomus intraradices: consequences for molecular evolutionary studies of AM fungal genes, Fungal Genetics and Biology, vol.41, issue.2, pp.262-273, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fgb.2003.11.001

R. Courtecuisse, Guide des champignons de France et d'Europe, éd Delachaux et Niestlé, p.479, 2007.

C. Damon, G. Barroso, C. Ferandon, J. Ranger, L. Fraissinet-tachet et al., Performance of the COX1 gene as a marker for the study of metabolically active Pezizomycotina and Agaricomycetes fungal communities from the analysis of soil RNA, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol.74, issue.3, pp.693-705, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00983.x

E. Einax and K. Voigt, Oligonucleotide primers for the universal amplification of tubulin genes facilitate phylogenetic analyses in the regnum Fungi. Organism, Diversity and, Evolution, vol.3, pp.185-194, 2003.

V. Fayod, Prodrome d'une histoire naturelle des Agaicinés, Annales des sciences naturelles, Botanique et biologie végétale

C. Ferandon, S. Moukha, P. Callac, J. Benedetto, M. Castroviejo et al., The Agaricus bisporus cox1 Gene: The Longest Mitochondrial Gene and the Largest Reservoir of Mitochondrial Group I Introns, PLoS ONE, vol.5, issue.11, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0014048.s003

M. Gardes and T. Bruns, ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts, Molecular Ecology, vol.57, issue.2, pp.113-118, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/17.16.6749

M. Gardes and T. Bruns, ITS-RFLP Matching for Identification of Fungi, In: Methods in Molecular Biology, vol.50, pp.177-186, 1996.
DOI : 10.1385/0-89603-323-6:177

P. Gonzalez, G. Barroso, and J. Labarere, Molecular analysis of the split cox1 gene from the Basidiomycota Agrocybe aegerita: relationship of its introns with homologous Ascomycota introns and divergence levels from common ancestral copies, Gene, vol.220, issue.1-2, pp.45-53, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00421-1

M. Gray, G. Burger, and B. Lang, Mitochondrial Evolution, Science, vol.283, issue.5407, pp.1476-1481, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.283.5407.1476

D. Hawksworth, Fungal diversity and its implications for genetic resource collections, Mycological Research, vol.50, pp.9-18, 2004.

P. Hebert, M. Stoeckle, T. Zemlak, and C. Francis, Identification of Birds through DNA Barcodes, PLoS Biology, vol.104, issue.10, p.312, 2004.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020312.sg001

D. Hibbett, E. Pine, E. Langer, G. Langer, and M. Donoghue, Evolution of gilled mushrooms and puffballs inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, pp.9412002-12006, 1997.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.94.22.12002

D. Hibbett and M. Donoghue, Analysis of Character Correlations Among Wood Decay Mechanisms, Mating Systems, and Substrate Ranges in Homobasidiomycetes, Systematic Biology, vol.50, issue.2, pp.215-242, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/10635150151125879

D. Hibbett, R. Thorn, E. Mclaughlin, P. Mclaughlin, and . Lemke, Basidiomycota: Homobasidiomycetes The Mycota VII Part B, Systematics and Evolution, pp.121-168, 2001.

D. Hibbett and M. Binder, Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.269, issue.1504, 2002.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2002.2123

D. Hibbett, A phylogenetic overview of the Agaricomycotina, Mycologia, vol.98, issue.6, pp.917-925, 2006.
DOI : 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832621

D. Hibbett, ref sous press After the gold rush, or before the flood? Evolutionary morphology of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) in the early 21st century, 2007.

D. Hibbett, M. Binder, J. Bischoff, M. Blackwell, P. Cannon et al., A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi, Mycological Research, vol.111, issue.5, pp.509-548, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004

D. Hillis and J. Bull, An Empirical Test of Bootstrapping as a Method for Assessing Confidence in Phylogenetic Analysis, Systematic Biology, vol.42, issue.2, pp.182-192, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/sysbio/42.2.182

J. Hopple and R. Vilgalys, Phylogenetic Relationships in the Mushroom Genus Coprinus and Dark-Spored Allies Based on Sequence Data from the Nuclear Gene Coding for the Large Ribosomal Subunit RNA: Divergent Domains, Outgroups, and Monophyly, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol.13, issue.1, pp.1-19, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/mpev.1999.0634

K. Hosaka, S. Bates, R. Beever, M. Castellano, I. W. Colgan et al., Molecular phylogenetics of the gomphoid-phalloid fungi with an establishment of the new subclass Phallomycetidae and two new orders, Mycologia, vol.98, issue.6, pp.949-959, 2006.
DOI : 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832624

W. Jülich, A new lichenized Athelia from Florida, Persoonia, vol.10, pp.149-151, 1978.

P. Kirk, P. Cannon, J. David, and J. Stalpers, Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, 2001.

R. Kuzoff, J. Sweere, D. Soltis, P. Soltis, and E. Zimmer, The phylogenetic potential of entire 26S rDNA sequences in plants, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.15, issue.3, pp.251-263, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025922

B. Lang, M. Gray, and G. Burger, Mitochondrial Genome Evolution and the Origin of Eukaryotes, Annual Review of Genetics, vol.33, issue.1, pp.351-97, 1999.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.genet.33.1.351

K. Larsson, E. Larsson, and U. Kõljalg, High phylogenetic diversity among corticioid homobasidiomycetes, Mycological Research, vol.108, issue.9, pp.983-1002, 2004.
DOI : 10.1017/S0953756204000851

Y. Liu and B. Hall, Body plan evolution of ascomycetes, as inferred from an RNA polymerase II phylogeny, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, pp.4507-4512, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0400938101

F. Lutzoni, F. Kauff, C. Cox, D. Mclaughlin, G. Celio et al., Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits, American Journal of Botany, vol.91, issue.10, pp.1446-1480, 2004.
DOI : 10.3732/ajb.91.10.1446

W. Martin and M. Muller, The hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote, Nature, vol.392, issue.6671, pp.37-41, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/32096

P. Matheny and N. Bougher, The new genus Auritella from Africa and Australia (Inocybaceae, Agaricales): molecular systematics, taxonomy and historical biogeography, Mycological Progress, vol.17, issue.Suppl, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11557-005-0001-8

D. Mclaughlin, E. Frieders, and H. Lü, A microscopist's view of heterobasidiomycete phylogeny, Stud Mycol, vol.38, pp.91-109, 1995.

B. Michot, N. Hassouna, and J. Bachellerie, Secondary structure of mouse 28S rRNA and general model for the folding of the large rRNA in eukaryotes, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.12, issue.10, pp.4259-4279, 1984.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/12.10.4259

B. Michot, H. Qu, L. Bachellerie, and J. , Evolution of large-subunit ribosomal RNA structure: The diversification of divergent D3 domain among major phylogenetic groups, 1990.

C. Molitor, B. Inthavong, L. Sage, R. Geremia, and B. Mouhamadou, ?????? gene in the taxonomic resolution of soil fungi, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.302, issue.1, pp.76-84, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01839.x

J. Moncalvo, R. Vilgalys, S. Redhead, J. Johnson, T. Jame et al., One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol.23, issue.3, pp.357-400, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1

K. Mullis, R. Saiki, S. Scharf, F. Faloona, G. Horn et al., Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia, Science, vol.230, pp.1350-54, 1985.

J. Neefs, Y. Van-de-peer, D. Rijk, P. Chapelle, S. et al., Compilation of small ribosomal subunit RNA structures, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.21, issue.13, pp.3025-3049, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/21.13.3025

R. Nilsson, M. Ryberg, K. Abarenkov, E. Sjökvist, and E. Kristiansson, The ITS region as a target for characterization of fungal communities using emerging sequencing technologies, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.296, issue.1, pp.97-101, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01618.x

N. Patouillard, Essai taxonomique sur les familles et les genres des Hyménomycètes (Thèse pour l'obtention du diplôme de Docteur de l, 184 p., fig. Lons-le-Saunier, 1900.

H. Prillinger, F. Oberwinkler, C. Umile, K. Tlachac, R. Bauer et al., Analysis of cell wall carbohydrates (neutral sugars) from ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts with and without derivatization., The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, vol.39, issue.1, pp.1-34, 1993.
DOI : 10.2323/jgam.39.1

P. Roux, Mille et un champignons; éd. Roux, p.1125, 2006.

N. Saitou and M. Nei, The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.4, pp.406-425, 1987.

M. Saraste, Oxidative Phosphorylation at the fin de siècle, Science, vol.283, issue.5407, pp.1488-1493, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.283.5407.1488

P. Saviuc, D. Matteis, M. Bessard, J. Mézin, P. Moreau et al., Erythromelalgia and mushroom poisoning (Clitocybe amoenolens), European Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol.8, issue.1, p.74, 2001.

K. Seifert, Progress towards DNA barcoding of fungi, Molecular Ecology Resources, vol.9, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.81-89, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02635.x

J. Stiller and B. Hall, Long-Branch Attraction and the rDNA Model of Early Eukaryotic Evolution, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.16, issue.9, pp.1270-1279, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026217

E. Swann and J. Taylor, Higher Taxa of Basidiomycetes: An 18S rRNA Gene Perspective, Mycologia, vol.85, issue.6, pp.923-936, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/3760675

E. Swann and J. Taylor, Phylogenetic perspectives on basidiomycete systematics: evidence from the 18S rRNA gene, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.73, issue.S1, pp.862-868, 1995.
DOI : 10.1139/b95-332

K. Tamura, J. Dudley, M. Nei, and S. Kumar, MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.24, issue.8, pp.1596-1599, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/molbev/msm092

J. Taylor, D. Jacobson, S. Kroken, T. Kasuga, D. Geiser et al., Phylogenetic Species Recognition and Species Concepts in Fungi, Fungal Genetics and Biology, vol.31, issue.1, pp.21-32, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/fgbi.2000.1228

J. Thompson, D. Higgins, and T. Gibson, CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.22, issue.22, pp.4673-4680, 1994.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673

K. Truscott, K. Brandner, and N. Pfanner, Mechanisms of Protein Import into Mitochondria, Current Biology, vol.13, issue.8, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00239-2

A. Vialle, N. Feau, M. Allaire, M. Didukh, F. Martin et al., Evaluation of mitochondrial genes as DNA barcode for Basidiomycota, Molecular Ecology Resources, vol.46, issue.1, pp.99-113, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02637.x

M. Weiss, R. Bauer, and D. Begerow, Spotlights on heterobasidiomycetes, Frontiers in basidiomyocte mycology. Eching, pp.7-48, 2004.

K. Wells and R. Bandoni, Heterobasidiomycetes The Mycota, VII. Part B, Systematics and Evolution, pp.85-120, 2001.