. Dans-la-présente-Étude, éducation se réfèrent au nombre d'années d'études effectué. 4. Sans diplôme ou uniquement brevet des collèges avec un niveau CAP (2-1) ; avec le diplôme baccalauréat (3-1) ; la différence entre le baccalauréat et niveau bac+2 (4-3) ; avec licence (5-3) ; différence entre licence et master (6-5), pp.8-14

J. Angrist and A. Krueger, Empirical Strategies in Labor Economics, Working Paper Industrial Relations Section, vol.780, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1573-4463(99)03004-7

F. Arestoff, Taux de rendement de l'éducation sur le marché du travail d'un pays en développement. une analyse micro-économétrique. Open Access publications from Université Paris-Dauphine urn :hdl :123456789, 2001.
DOI : 10.3917/reco.523.0705

URL : http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RECO_523_0705

J. Kenneth and . Arrow, Higher education as a filter, Journal of Public Economics, vol.2, issue.3, pp.193-216, 1973.

O. Ashenfelter, C. Harmon, and H. Oosterbeek, A review of estimates of the Schooling/Earnings relationship, with tests for publication bias, Working Paper Industrial Relations Section, vol.804, 1999.

O. Ashenfelter and A. Krueger, Estimates of the economic return to schooling from a new sample of twins, Working Paper Industrial Relations Section, vol.683, 1992.

C. Baudelot and M. Glaude, Les diplômes se dévaluent-ils en se multipliant ? Economie et statistique, pp.3-16, 1989.
DOI : 10.3406/estat.1989.5360

S. Gary and . Becker, Human capital : A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education In Human Capital : A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, pp.22-22, 1975.

D. Card, Estimating the Return to Schooling: Progress on Some Persistent Econometric Problems, Econometrica, vol.69, issue.5, pp.1127-1160, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-0262.00237

K. J. Denny and C. P. Harmon, Testing for sheepskin effects in earnings equations: evidence for five countries, Applied Economics Letters, vol.8, issue.9, pp.635-637, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-1765(98)00226-2

J. Garen, The Returns to Schooling: A Selectivity Bias Approach with a Continuous Choice Variable, Econometrica, vol.52, issue.5, pp.1199-1218, 1984.
DOI : 10.2307/1910996

Z. Griliches, Estimating the Returns to Schooling: Some Econometric Problems, Econometrica, vol.45, issue.1, pp.1-22, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/1913285

Z. Griliches and W. M. Mason, Education, Income, and Ability, Journal of Political Economy, vol.80, issue.3, Part 2, pp.74-103, 1972.
DOI : 10.1086/259988

M. Gurgand, Économie de l'éducation. La découverte, 2005.

C. Harmon and I. Walker, Estimates of the economic return to schooling for the united kingdom, American Economic Review, vol.85, issue.5, pp.1278-86, 1995.

J. Heckman and S. Polachek, Empirical Evidence on the Functional Form of the Earnings-Schooling Relationship, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol.40, issue.1, p.350, 1974.
DOI : 10.2307/2284021

T. Hungerford and G. Solon, Sheepskin Effects in the Returns to Education, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.69, issue.1
DOI : 10.2307/1937919

F. Jean-claude, Bourdieu (pierre), passeron (jean-claude). ? ~~la reproduction . eléments pour une théorie du système d'enseignement~~. Revue française de pédagogie, pp.39-44, 1971.

J. A. Mincer, Schooling, experience, and earnings. NBER books, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1974.

N. Schady, Convexity and sheepskin, 2001.

A. Skalli, Are successive investments in education equally worthwhile? Endogenous schooling decisions and non-linearities in the earnings???schooling relationship, Economics of Education Review, vol.26, issue.2, pp.215-231, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.07.004

A. Michael and S. , Job market signaling, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.87, issue.3, pp.355-74, 1973.

D. Staiger and J. H. Stock, Instrumental variables regression with weak instruments, Econometrica, vol.65, issue.3, p.557, 1997.
DOI : 10.3386/t0151

C. Van-de-velde, Devenir adulte : sociologie comparee de la jeunesse en Europe
DOI : 10.3917/puf.vande.2008.01

F. Vella and R. Gregory, Selection bias and human capital investment: Estimating the rates of return to education for young males, Labour Economics, vol.3, issue.2, pp.197-219, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0927-5371(96)00006-1

J. Robert, S. Willis, and . Rosen, Education and self-selection, National Bureau of Economic Research, p.33, 1978.