S. Quétant, J. Maurizi, P. Pavèse, C. Pison, C. St-raymond et al., Pharmacists: Bedouch P, Chapuis C; Imaging & Pathology

J. Christie, L. Edwards, and A. Kucheryavaya, The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: 29th Adult Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Report???2012, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.31, issue.10, p.1073, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2012.08.004

M. Duncan and D. Wilkes, Transplant-related Immunosuppression: A Review of Immunosuppression and Pulmonary Infections, Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, vol.2, issue.5, p.449, 2005.
DOI : 10.1513/pats.200507-073JS

K. Remund, M. Best, and J. Egan, Infections Relevant to Lung Transplantation, Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, vol.6, issue.1, p.94, 2009.
DOI : 10.1513/pats.200809-113GO

G. Verleden, G. Raghu, K. Meyer, A. Glanville, and P. Corris, A new classification system for chronic lung allograft dysfunction, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.33, issue.2, p.127, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2013.10.022

C. Burke, J. Theodore, and K. Dawkins, Post-Transplant Obliterative Bronchiolitis and Other Late Lung Sequelae in Human Heart-Lung Transplantation, Chest, vol.86, issue.6, p.824, 1984.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.86.6.824

L. Sharples, K. Mcneil, S. Stewart, and J. Wallwork, Risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans: a systematic review of recent publications, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.21, issue.2, p.271, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1053-2498(01)00360-6

R. Hachem, Antibody-mediated lung transplant rejection, Current Respiratory Care Reports, vol.74, issue.3, p.157, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s13665-012-0019-8

K. Blondeau, V. Mertens, and B. Vanaudenaerde, Gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastric aspiration in lung transplant patients with or without chronic rejection, European Respiratory Journal, vol.31, issue.4, p.707, 2008.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.00064807

V. Valentine, M. Gupta, J. Walker, and . Jr, Effect of Etiology and Timing of Respiratory Tract Infections on Development of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.28, issue.2, p.163, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.907

D. Vu, P. Bridevaux, J. Aubert, P. Soccal, and L. Kaiser, Respiratory Viruses in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Critical Review and Pooled Analysis of Clinical Studies, American Journal of Transplantation, vol.21, issue.7, p.1071, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03490.x

M. Sato, T. Waddell, and U. Wagnetz, Restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS): A novel form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.30, issue.7, p.735, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.712

M. Sato, D. Hwang, T. Waddell, L. Singer, and S. Keshavjee, Progression pattern of restrictive allograft syndrome after lung transplantation, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.32, issue.1, p.23, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2012.09.026

S. Jordan, M. Toyoda, J. Kahwaji, A. Vo, M. Fernandez-ruiz et al., Clinical Aspects of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Use in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, American Journal of Transplantation, vol.24, issue.19 Suppl, pp.196-2763, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03400.x

S. Kawut, L. Shah, and J. Wilt, Risk factors and outcomes of hypogammaglobulinemia after lung transplantation Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, hypogammaglobulinemia, and infectious complications of lung transplantation, Transplantation J Heart Lung Transplant, vol.79, issue.321, pp.1723-1759, 2005.

D. Florescu, A. Kalil, and F. Qiu, Does increasing immunoglobulin levels impact survival in solid organ transplant recipients with hypogammaglobulinemia? Intravenous immunoglobulin for hypogammaglobulinemia after lung transplantation: a randomized crossover trial, Clin Transplant PLoS One, vol.28, issue.98, p.103908, 2014.

J. Christie, L. Edwards, and A. Kucheryavaya, The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-eighth Adult Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant

J. Belperio, S. Weigt, M. Fishbein, J. Lynch, R. Vos et al., Chronic lung allograft rejection: mechanisms and therapy): 108. 22 Pseudomonal airway colonisation: risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation?, ): 1037. 23. Goldfarb NS, Avery RK, Goormastic M, et al. Hypogammaglobulinemia in lung transplant recipients, p.242, 2001.
DOI : 10.1513/pats.200807-073go

URL : http://doi.org/10.1513/pats.200807-073go

M. Yamani, R. Avery, and S. Mawhorter, Hypogammaglobulinemia following cardiac transplantation: a link between rejection and infection Hypogammaglobulinemia in liver transplant recipients: incidence, timing, risk factors, and outcomes, J Heart Lung Transplant Transplantation, vol.20, issue.815, p.697, 2001.

S. Nahirniak and H. Hume, Guidelines for the Use of Immunoglobulin Therapy for Primary Immune Deficiency and Solid Organ Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine Reviews, vol.24, issue.1, p.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tmrv.2009.09.009

N. Shehata, V. Palda, and R. Meyer, The Use of Immunoglobulin Therapy for Patients Undergoing Solid Organ Transplantation: An Evidence-Based Practice Guideline, Transfusion Medicine Reviews, vol.24, issue.1, p.7, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tmrv.2009.09.010

M. Peraldi, K. Akposso, and J. Haymann, LONG-TERM BENEFIT OF INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN CADAVERIC KIDNEY RETRANSPLANTATION, Transplantation, vol.62, issue.11, p.1670, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00007890-199612150-00024

S. Jordan, C. Cunningham-rundles, and R. Mcewan, Utility of Intravenous Immune Globulin in Kidney Transplantation: Efficacy, Safety, and Cost Implications, American Journal of Transplantation, vol.48, issue.70, p.653, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/1096-8652(200102)66:2<151::AID-AJH1035>3.3.CO;2-H

R. Hachem, R. Yusen, and B. Meyers, Anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies and preemptive antibody-directed therapy after lung transplantation, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.29, issue.9, pp.973-1004, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2010.05.006

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2926224

V. Costache, O. Chavanon, S. Raymond, and C. , Dramatic Improvement in Survival After Lung Transplantation Over Time: A Single Center Experience, Transplantation Proceedings, vol.41, issue.2, p.687, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.12.016

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00387548

Y. Li, J. Gottlieb, and D. Ma, Graft-Protective Effects of the HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Pravastatin After Lung Transplantation??? A Propensity Score Analysis With 23 Years of Follow-Up, Transplantation, vol.92, issue.4, p.486, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/TP.0b013e318225670d

R. Jain, R. Hachem, and M. Morrell, Azithromycin is associated with increased survival in lung transplant recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.29, issue.5, p.531, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2009.12.003

S. Suissa, Effectiveness of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.168, issue.1, pp.49-84, 2003.
DOI : 10.1164/rccm.200210-1231OC

S. Suissa, C. Van-walraven, D. Davis, A. Forster, and G. Wells, Immortal Time Bias in Pharmacoepidemiology, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.167, issue.4, pp.492-528, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwm324

M. Yamani, R. Avery, and S. Mawhorter, Hypogammaglobulinemia after heart transplantation: impact of pre-emptive use of immunoglobulin replacement (CytoGamR) on infection and rejection outcomes, Transplant Infectious Disease, vol.45, issue.s2, p.40, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1053-2498(00)00331-4

M. Yamani, R. Avery, and S. Mawhorter, The impact of cytogam on cardiac transplant recipients with moderate hypogammaglobulinemia, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.23, issue.2, pp.1766-1805, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2003.11.341

D. Saini, J. Weber, and S. Ramachandran, Alloimmunity-induced autoimmunity as a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection of human lung allografts, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.30, issue.6, p.624, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.708

S. Jordan, A. Vo, M. Toyoda, D. Tyan, and C. Nast, Post-transplant therapy with high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin: Applications to treatment of antibody-mediated rejection, Pediatric Transplantation, vol.13, issue.Suppl. 1, p.155, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2005.00256.x

T. Martinu, D. Chen, and S. Palmer, Acute Rejection and Humoral Sensitization in Lung Transplant Recipients, Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, vol.6, issue.1, pp.54-97, 2009.
DOI : 10.1513/pats.200808-080GO

S. Jordan, M. Toyoda, and A. Vo, Intravenous Immunoglobulin a Natural Regulator of Immunity and Inflammation, Transplantation, vol.88, issue.1, p.1, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181a9e89a

J. Appel, M. Hartwig, R. Davis, and N. Reinsmoen, Utility of Peritransplant and Rescue Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Extracorporeal Immunoadsorption in Lung Transplant Recipients Sensitized to HLA Antigens, Human Immunology, vol.66, issue.4, p.378, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.humimm.2005.01.025

U. Katz, A. Achiron, Y. Sherer, and Y. Shoenfeld, Safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, Autoimmunity Reviews, vol.6, issue.4, p.257, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.autrev.2006.08.011

M. Estenne, J. Maurer, and A. Boehler, Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome 2001: an update of the diagnostic criteria, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol.21, issue.3, p.297, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1053-2498(02)00398-4

J. Liu, E. Weinhandl, D. Gilbertson, A. Collins, S. Peter et al., Issues regarding ???immortal time??? in the analysis of the treatment effects in observational studies, Kidney International, vol.81, issue.4, pp.341-389, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/ki.2011.388

M. Gail, Does Cardiac Transplantation Prolong Life?, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.76, issue.5, p.815, 1972.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-815