62 A. Food and Drug Administration, 61 II. Les recommandations émises par les Autorités de santé, les instances scientifiques et, p.62 ,
Research needs for the risk assessment of health and environmental effects of endocrine disruptors: a report of the U.S. EPAsponsored workshop. Environ Health Perspect Les perturbateurs endocriniens en 12 projets : Comprendre où en est la recherche http://www.cancer-environnement.fr/274-Perturbateurs-endocriniens.ce.aspx, consulté le 14 octobre 2013. [5] TEDX. TEDX List of Potential Endocrine Disruptors, Décembre 2012. [4] Cancer-Environnement. Perturbateurs endocriniens et risques de cancer, pp.715-755, 1996. ,
Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire. 21 février 2012/n° 7-8-9. [10] InVS. Fertilité et cancer du testicule : une revue de la littérature Pr Patrick Fénichel. Perturbateurs endocriniens environnementaux et cancers hormono-dépendants : de nouveaux facteurs de risque, consulté le 25 octobre 2013. [9] InVS. Cryptorchidies et hypospadias opérés en France chez le garçon de moins de 7 ans Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire. 21 février 2012, p.5, 1998. ,
Colloque les perturbateurs endocriniens Assemblée Nationale. 14 septembre 2010 Rapport sur Pesticides et Santé. 29 Avril 2010 [15] EFSA. L'EFSA apporte son assistance à la Commission européenne dans la définition de critères scientifiques pour les perturbateurs endocriniens, Perturbateurs endocriniens et maladies métaboliques, 2013. ,
-éthylhexyl) phtalate (DEHP) Données technico-économiques sur les substances chimiques en France Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate among premature neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit Intravenous exposure to di(2- ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP): metabolites of DEHP in urine after a voluntary platelet donation, 20] ANSM. Questions/Réponses : Phtalates et médicaments. Juillet 2013. [21] EMA. Guideline on the use of phthalates as excipients in human medicinal products Ssceringer M, Vollenweider M, et al. What are the sources of exposure to eight frequently used phthalic acid esters in Europeans? Risk Anal, pp.429-463, 2004. ,
[23] InVS. Etude longitudinale française depuis l'enfance (ELFE) : Principaux résultats pour le Bisphénol A et les phtalates GerES IV: Phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A in urine of German children, Int J Hyg Environ Health, vol.2621225, issue.36, pp.803-24685, 2009. ,
In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and duration of human pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect, pp.1783-1785, 2003. ,
Fetal exposure to phthalates-a pilot study, Int J Hyg Environ Health, vol.21227, issue.5, pp.492-500, 2009. ,
Parabènes & médicaments : un problème de santé publique ,
Des parabènes présents dans 400 médicaments. http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article, 2011. ,
Safety assessment of esters of phydroxybenzoic acid (parabens), Food Chem Toxicol, vol.4330, issue.7, pp.985-1015, 2005. ,
Female reproductive tract and mammary disorders caused by endocrine disruptor, JMAJ, vol.46, issue.3, pp.93-9631, 2003. ,
Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours, Journal of Applied Toxicology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.5-13, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1002/jat.958
Parabens as Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure in Humans Environ Health Perspect Environ Health Perspect, Urinary concentrations of four parabens in the U.S. population: NHANES 2005-2006, pp.1843-1846, 2006. ,
Parabens in urine, serum and seminal plasma from healthy Danish men determined by liquid chromatography???tandem mass spectrometry (LC???MS/MS), Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, vol.114, issue.3, pp.262-71, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.034
Systemic exposure to parabens: Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, excretion balance and plasma metabolites of [14C]-methyl-, propyl- and butylparaben in rats after oral, topical or subcutaneous administration, Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol.50, issue.3-4, pp.3-4445 ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.045
Hydrolysis of a series of parabens by skin microsomes and cytosol from human and minipigs and in whole skin in shortterm culture p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters as preservatives. III. The physiological disposition of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its esters The metabolism of ethyl and n-propyl-phydroxybenzoate (''parabens'') in male cats, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc Toxicology Letters, vol.22545, issue.2, pp.221-8268, 1956. ,
Systemic uptake of diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and butyl paraben following whole-body topical application and reproductive and thyroid hormone levels in humans Some flame retardants and the antimicrobials triclosan and triclocarban enhance the androgenic activity in vitro Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor Evaluation of in vitro screening system for estrogenicity: comparison of stably transfected human estrogen receptor-? transcriptional activation (OECD TG455) assay and estrogen receptor (ER) binding assay, Environmental Science and Technology Chemosphere. Chem Res Toxicol. J Toxicol Sci, vol.4181163746, issue.10102, pp.5564-701245, 2003. ,
A two-generation reproductive toxicity study of diethyl phthalate (DEP) in rats Reproductive Effects of Four Phthalic Acid Esters in the Mouse, J Toxicol Sci Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, vol.3088, issue.2, pp.97-116255, 1987. ,
A teratological evaluation following dermal application of diethyl phthalate to pregnant mice Developmental toxicity evaluation of diethyl and dimethyl phthalate in rats [50] Handbook of pharmaceutical excipient. Diethyl phthalate Mechanisms of action of phthalate esters, individually and in combination, to induce abnormal reproductive development in male laboratory rats Diverse developmental toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate in both sexes of rat offspring after maternal exposure during the period from late gestation through lactation. Toxicology, Borzelleca JF. Evaluation of the toxicity of polyvinylacetate phthalate in experimental animals, pp.387-39233, 1987. ,
Acute and subacute toxicities of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Absorption, distribution and excretion of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate in the rat Studies on the teratogenicity of a new enteric coating material, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) in rats and mice Chronic toxicity of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate in rats, Pharmacometrics Pharmacometrics J Med Soc Toho-Univ Pharmacometrics Pharmacometrics, vol.4159, issue.88, pp.405-418, 1970. ,
The chronic toxicity of cellulose acetate phthalate in rats and dogs, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeutics, vol.80, pp.250-255, 1944. ,
An Evaluation of Genotoxicity Tests With Aquateric?? Aqueous Enteric Coating, International Journal of Toxicology, vol.31, issue.1, pp.117-122, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1080/109158199225684
Lack of spermatotoxic effects of methyl and ethyl esters of phydroxybenzoic acid in rats Lack of effect of butylparaben and methylparaben on the reproductive system in male rats, Food Chem Toxicol Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol, vol.42648365, issue.112, pp.1845-9123, 2004. ,
Effects of propyl paraben on the male reproductive system. Food Chem Toxicol, [66] SCCP. Opinion on Parabens SCCP, pp.1807-1306, 1017. ,
Propylparaben: 8-week postweaning juvenile toxicity study with 26-week treatment free period in male Wistar rat by the oral route (gavage) Poster SOT Annual Meeting San Francisco USA -Abstract ID 2359*327 Effect of neonatal exposure to estrogenic compounds on development of the excurrent ducts of the rat testis through puberty to adulthood, Environmental health perspectives, vol.10769, issue.5, pp.397-405, 2012. ,
Effects of butylparaben on the male reproductive system in rats, Toxicology and Industrial Health, vol.46, issue.1, pp.31-33, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1191/0748233701th093oa
Effects of butyl paraben on the male reproductive system in mice, Archives of Toxicology, vol.76, issue.7, pp.423-429, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s00204-002-0360-8
Possible endocrine disrupting effects of parabens and their metabolites. Reprod Toxico, pp.301-312, 2010. ,
Potential estrogenic effect(s) of parabens at the prepubertal stage of a postnatal female rat model Parabens inhibit human skin estrogen sulfotransferase activity: possible link to paraben estrogenic effects, Reprod Toxicol Toxicology, vol.297374, issue.232, pp.306-322, 2007. ,
ER-dependent estrogenic activity of parabens assessed by proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and expression of ERalpha and PR Decreased sperm number and motile activity on the F1 offspring maternally exposed to butyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid (butyl paraben) Urinary Concentrations of Parabens and Serum Hormone Levels, Semen Quality Parameters, and Sperm DNA Damage Antiperspirant use and the risk of breast cancer An earlier age of breast cancer diagnosis related to more frequent use of antiperspirants/deodorants and underarm shaving, Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic underarm cosmetics and breast cancer, pp.12-19, 1998. ,
Measurement of paraben concentrations in human breast tissue at serial locations across the breast from axilla to sternum, Journal of Applied Toxicology, vol.622, issue.S3, pp.219-251, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1002/jat.1786
Parabens detection in different zones of the human breast: consideration of source and implications of findings, Journal of Applied Toxicology, vol.622, issue.suppl. 3, pp.305-314, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1002/jat.2743
p-Hydroxybenzoate esters metabolism in MCF7 breast cancer cells, Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol.50, issue.11, pp.4109-4123, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.013
Parabens enable suspension growth of MCF-10A immortalized, non-transformed human breast epithelial cells, Journal of Applied Toxicology, vol.622, issue.Suppl. 3, pp.378-82, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1002/jat.2753
Final amended report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, isopropylparaben, butytylparaben, isobutylparaben and benzyl paraben as used in cosmetic products, Int J Toxicol, vol.2786, pp.1-82, 2008. ,
Oxidative DNA damage contributes to the toxic activity of propylparaben in mammalian cells, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, vol.702, issue.1, pp.86-91, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.07.012
Urinary Concentrations of Parabens and Serum Hormone Levels, Semen Quality Parameters, and Sperm DNA Damage, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.119, issue.2, pp.252-259, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.1002238
les-perturbateurs- endocriniens-presents-dans-deux-produits-de-beaute-sur-cinq_3477286_3244.html, consulté le 25 novembre 2013. [91] ANSM. L'ANSM recommande de restreindre la concentration de phénoxyéthanol dans les produits cosmétiques destinés aux enfants de moins de 3 ans -Point d'information. http://ansm.sante.fr/S-informer/Points-d-information-Points-d- information/L-ANSM-recommande-de-restreindre-la-concentration-de- phenoxyethanol-dans-les-produits-cosmetiques-destines-aux-enfants-de-moins-de-3- ans-Point-d-information, 2013. ,
Potentiation of preservatives (parabens) in pharmaceutical formulations by low concentrations of propylene glycol] Opinion on the safety of medical devices containing DEHP-plasticized PVC or other plasticizers on neonates and groups possibly at risk, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly-Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), Adopted after public consultation by the SCENIHR during the 22 nd Plenary of 6, pp.316-336, 1961. ,
Comparative study of the leachability of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate from haemodialysis tubing, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol.229, issue.1-2, pp.139-185, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5173(01)00840-7
Migration of plasticizers from PVC tubes into enteral feeding solutions Ecotoxicity and the Environment. Opinion on the toxicology characteristics and risk of certain citrates and adipates used as substitute for phthalates as plasticizers in certain soft PVC products. 1999. [98] CDER. Guidance for Industry Immediate Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms Scale- Up and Postapproval Changes: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls, In Vitro Dissolution Testing, and In Vivo Bioequivalence Documentation [99] EMA. Excipients in the label and package leaflet of medicinal products for human use, Forschung und Entwicklung CSTEE. Scientific Committee on Toxicity, vol.397, pp.17-21, 1995. ,
Questions/Réponses : Parabènes et médicaments, 2011. ,
626 substances of very high concern. http://www.chemsec.org/what-we-do/sin-list ,
Stratégie communautaire concernant les perturbateurs endocriniens ,
guest/addressing- chemicals-of-concern/authorisation/recommendation-for-inclusion-in-the- authorisation-list/authorisation- list?p_p_id=substancetypelist_WAR_substanceportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state= normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column- 1&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2&_substancetypelist_WAR_substanceportlet_d elta=20&_substancetypelist_WAR_substanceportlet_keywords=&_substancetypelist _WAR_substanceportlet_advancedSearch=false&_substancetypelist_WAR_substanc eportlet_andOperator=true&_substancetypelist_WAR_substanceportlet_orderByCol =SUNSETDATEAL&_substancetypelist_WAR_substanceportlet_orderByType=des c&cur=1 ,
visant à la suspension de la fabrication, de l'importation, de l'exportation et de la mise sur le marché de tout conditionnement à vocation alimentaire contenant du bisphénol A, Journal Officiel, 1442. ,
Proposition de loi visant à réduire l'exposition humaine aux perturbateurs endocriniens. Enregistré à la Présidence de l'Assemblée nationale le 6 mars 2012 ,
Proposition de loi visant à limiter l'exposition des populations vulnérables aux phtalates dans les établissements de santé. Enregistré à la Présidence de l'Assemblée nationale le 13 novembre 2012 ,