. Basdevant-a, C. K. Bouillot-j-l, O. , and T. P. , Bibliographie 1. ObEpi-Roche 2012, enquête épidémiologique nationale sur le surpoids et l'obésité. 2

. Traité-médecine-et-chirurgie-de-l-'obésité, Médecine Sciences Publications / Lavoisier; 2011. 3. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic Report of a WHO consultation, World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, vol.894, pp.1-253, 2000.

J. Jakicic and A. Otto, Physical activity considerations for the treatment and prevention of obesity, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.82, issue.1, pp.226-229, 2005.

A. Ballinger, S. Peikin, K. Wellings, C. Laborde, C. Moreau et al., Orlistat: its current status as an anti-obesity drug-3):109?17. 6. HAS. Obésité: prise en charge chirurgicale de l'adulte - Sexuality and obesity, a gender perspective: results from French national random probability survey of sexual behaviours, Eur J Pharmacol BMJ, vol.440340, issue.2, p.2573, 2002.

C. Chuang, G. Chase, D. Bensyl, and C. Weisman, Contraceptive use by diabetic and obese women. Womens Health Issues Off Publ Jacobs Inst Womens Health, 2005.

A. Schraudenbach and S. Mcfall, Contraceptive use and contraception type in women by body mass index category. Womens Health Issues Off Publ Jacobs Inst Womens Health, 2009.

B. Huber, L. Hogue, and C. , The association between body weight, unintended pregnancy resulting in a livebirth, and contraception at the time of conception Hormonal contraceptives for contraception in overweight or obese women Venous thromboembolic disease and combined oral contraceptives: results of international multicentre case-control study. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception, Matern Child Health J. Obstet Gynecol. Lancet, vol.9116346, issue.1158990, pp.413-201206, 1995.

B. Tanis, M. Van-den-bosch, J. Kemmeren, V. Cats, F. Helmerhorst et al., Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.345, issue.25, pp.1787-93, 2001.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa003216

J. Trussell, E. Schwarz, and K. Guthrie, Obesity and oral contraceptive pill failure, Contraception, vol.79, issue.5, pp.334-342, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.11.017

L. Lopez, D. Grimes, M. Chen, C. Otterness, C. Westhoff et al., Hormonal contraceptives for contraception in overweight or obese women, CD008452. 16. Zieman M, 2013.

J. Huber and R. Wenzl, Pharmacokinetics of Implanon. An integrated analysis. Contraception, pp.85-90, 1998.

H. Xu, J. Wade, J. Peipert, Q. Zhao, T. Madden et al., Contraceptive Failure Rates of Etonogestrel Subdermal Implants in Overweight and Obese Women, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.120, issue.1, pp.21-27
DOI : 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318259565a

J. Wu, S. Pickle, A. Glasier, S. Cameron, D. Blithe et al., Extended Use of the Intrauterine Device, Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, vol.69, issue.10, pp.495-503363, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ogx.0000456352.85464.e7

H. Hughes, Postpartum contraception, J Fam Health Care, vol.19, issue.1, pp.9-10, 2009.

N. Hezelgrave, E. Oteng-ntim, M. Maggard, I. Yermilov, Z. Li et al., Pregnancy after bariatric surgery: a review Pregnancy and fertility following bariatric surgery: a systematic review, J Obes. JAMA J Am Med Assoc, vol.300, pp.501939-242286, 2008.

S. Hendrix, S. Wassertheil-smoller, K. Johnson, B. Howard, C. Kooperberg et al., Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on stroke in the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation, pp.2425-2459, 2006.

P. Lahmann, K. Hoffmann, N. Allen, C. Van-gils, K. Khaw et al., Body size and breast cancer risk: Findings from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC), International Journal of Cancer, vol.131, issue.Suppl 1, pp.762-71, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/ijc.20315

B. Tehard, F. Clavel-chapelon, A. Canchola, E. Chang, L. Bernstein et al., Several anthropometric measurements and breast cancer risk: results of the E3N cohort study Body size and the risk of endometrial cancer by hormone therapy use in postmenopausal women in the California Teachers Study cohort Body size and the risk of ovarian cancer by hormone therapy use in the California Teachers Study cohort, Int J Obes Cancer Causes Control CCC. Cancer Causes Control CCC, vol.302121, issue.30912, pp.156-631407, 2005.

F. Grodstein, M. Goldman, and D. Cramer, Body Mass Index and Ovulatory Infertility, Epidemiology, vol.5, issue.2
DOI : 10.1097/00001648-199403000-00016

M. Abdollahi, M. Cushman, and F. Rosendaal, Obesity: risk of venous thrombosis and the interaction with coagulation factor levels and oral contraceptive use, Thromb Haemost, 2003.

A. Jacobsen, F. Skjeldestad, and P. Sandset, Incidence and risk patterns of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and puerperium--a register-based case-control study, Am J Obstet Gynecol. Feb, vol.198, issue.2, pp.233-234, 2008.

I. Frederick, C. Rudra, R. Miller, J. Foster, W. Mabrien et al., Adult weight change, weight cycling, and prepregnancy obesity in relation to risk of preeclampsia. Epidemiol Camb Mass Maternal body mass index and the risk of preeclampsia: a systematic overview, Epidemiol Camb Mass, vol.1714, issue.43, pp.428-462, 2003.

M. Cedergren, Maternal Morbid Obesity and the Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome, Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, vol.59, issue.7
DOI : 10.1097/00006254-200407000-00002

R. Gaillard, B. Durmu?, A. Hofman, J. Mackenbach, E. Steegers et al., Risk factors and outcomes of maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Obes Silver Spring Md, pp.1046-55, 2013.

A. Kumari, Pregnancy outcome in women with morbid obesity, International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, vol.52, issue.(3), pp.101-108, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7292(00)00391-X

S. Chu, W. Callaghan, S. Kim, C. Schmid, J. Lau et al., Maternal obesity and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, pp.2070-2076, 2007.

R. Mander, G. Smith, L. Marpeau, R. , H. Diguet et al., Saving Mothers' Lives (formerly Why Mothers die): reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer 2003-2005. Midwifery Does high body mass index increase the risk of miscarriage after spontaneous and assisted conception? A meta-analysis of the evidence, Fertil Steril, vol.2490, issue.13, pp.8-12, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.midw.2008.01.008

S. Chu, S. Kim, J. Lau, C. Schmid, P. Dietz et al., Maternal obesity and risk of stillbirth: a metaanalysis Maternal overweight and obesity and the risk of congenital anomalies: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Obstet Gynecol. JAMA J Am Med Assoc Feb, vol.197301, issue.116, pp.223-231, 2007.

J. Dashe, D. Mcintire, and D. Twickler, Effect of Maternal Obesity on the Ultrasound Detection of Anomalous Fetuses, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.113, issue.5, pp.1001-1008, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181a1d2f5

N. Heslehurst, H. Simpson, L. Ells, J. Rankin, J. Wilkinson et al., The impact of maternal BMI status on pregnancy outcomes with immediate short-term obstetric resource implications: a meta-analysis, Obesity Reviews, vol.103, issue.6, pp.635-83, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00511.x

P. Catalano, Management of Obesity in Pregnancy, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.109, issue.2, Part 1, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/01.AOG.0000253311.44696.85

E. Roofthooft, Anesthesia for the morbidly obese parturient, Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, vol.22, issue.3, pp.341-347, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/ACO.0b013e328329a5b8

S. Mcdonald, Z. Han, S. Mulla, J. Beyene, S. Cnattingius et al., Knowledge Synthesis Group Overweight and obesity in mothers and risk of preterm birth and low birth weight infants: systematic review and meta-analyses Maternal obesity and risk of preterm delivery, BMJ. JAMA J Am Med Assoc, vol.341309, issue.22, pp.3428-522362, 2010.

M. Chen, C. Mcniff, J. Madan, E. Goodman, J. Davis et al., Maternal obesity and neonatal Apgar scores, The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, vol.71, issue.5, pp.89-95, 2010.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199801153380302

P. Catalano and H. Ehrenberg, The short-and long-term implications of maternal obesity on the mother and her offspring, BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol, 2006.

T. Huang, H. Wang, and F. Dai, Effect of pre-pregnancy body size on postpartum weight retention. Midwifery, pp.222-253, 2010.

S. Kwak, S. Choi, H. Jung, Y. Cho, S. Lim et al., Clinical and Genetic Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes at Early or Late Post Partum After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.98, issue.4, pp.744-752
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2012-3324

A. Weintraub, A. Levy, I. Levi, M. Mazor, A. Wiznitzer et al., Effect of bariatric surgery on pregnancy outcome, Kjaer MM, Nilas L. Pregnancy after bariatric surgery, pp.246-51, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.07.008

D. Sacks, A. Xiang, and J. Lawrence, National Academies Press (US) The relative contribution of prepregnancy overweight and obesity, gestational weight gain, and IADPSG-defined gestational diabetes mellitus to fetal overgrowth. Diabetes Care, Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines. Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines, pp.56-62, 2009.

A. Boyle, J. Timofeev, T. Halscott, S. Desale, R. Driggers et al., Is 40 the New 30?, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.123, issue.641, pp.385-9428, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.AOG.0000447320.82646.64

M. Swank, A. Caughey, C. Farinelli, E. Main, K. Melsop et al., The impact of change in pregnancy body mass index on macrosomia Obes Silver Spring Md The impact of change in pregnancy body mass index on the development of gestational hypertensive disorders Holt et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with 10, 20, and 30 pounds weight gain. 2013. Congrès de la SMFM 68. Sutton et al. The impact of gestational weight gain on perinatal outcomes in obese women. 2013. Congrès de la SMFM 69. Durst et al. The IOM guidelines for weight gain : effect on perinatal outcomes in obese, morbidly obese, and super obese women, J Perinatol Off J Calif Perinat Assoc, vol.663440, issue.32, pp.181-186, 2013.

P. Catalano, L. Mele, M. Landon, S. Ramin, U. Reddy et al., Inadequate weight gain in overweight and obese pregnant women: what is the effect on fetal growth?, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.211, issue.2, pp.137-138, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.02.004

A. Mamun, M. Mannan, and S. Doi, Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring obesity over the life course: a systematic review and bias-adjusted meta-analysis, Obesity Reviews, vol.165, issue.4, pp.338-385
DOI : 10.1111/obr.12132

K. Wolfe, R. Rossi, and C. Warshak, The effect of maternal obesity on the rate of failed induction of labor, Am J Obstet Gynecol, vol.205, issue.2, pp.128-129, 2011.

E. Baxley and R. Gobbo, Shoulder dystocia Am Fam Physician, pp.1707-1721, 2004.

D. Subtil, C. Vayssière, and H. Grandjean, Grossesse prolongée et terme dépassé -Extrait des mises à jour en Gynécologie et Obstétrique du CNGOF, 2011.

G. Ducarme, A. Rodrigues, F. Aissaoui, C. Davitian, I. Pharisien et al., Pregnancy in obese patients: which risks is it necessary to fear?]. Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertil, 2007.