.. De-traitement and T. De, 89 a) Chez la femme non hystérectomisée b) Chez la femme hystérectomisée II.3) Les attitudes des remplaçants en matière, II.2.4) Connaissance des différents schémas, p.93

T. Un, 98 II.3.6) Les réticences à la prescription de THM et les raisons, II.3.5) Les raisons, p.99

V. , L. Relations-entre-pratiques, and .. , 104 V.1) Vision de la ménopause, p.104

T. Du, Vision, p.106
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01220839

V. Tableau, Relation entre la vision du THM des remplaçants de Gironde et leurs pratiques de prescription ou leurs attitudes, France (n= 77) Régression logistique en analyse univariable. REFERENCES 1. World Health Organisation. World Health Organisation. Research on the Menopause in the 1990's, EMC Endocrinol-Nutr, vol.10, pp.35-45, 2010.

M. Soules, S. Sherman, E. Parrott, R. Rebar, N. Santoro et al., Executive summary: stages of reproductive aging workshop (STRAW), Fertility and Sterility, vol.76, issue.5, pp.874-882, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02909-0

J. Blake, Menopause: evidence-based practice, Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol.20, issue.6, pp.799-839, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.07.001

S. Treloar, K. Do, and N. Martin, Genetic influences on the age at menopause, The Lancet, vol.352, issue.9134, pp.1084-1089, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79753-1

A. Kinney, J. Kline, and B. Levin, Alcohol, caffeine and smoking in relation to age at menopause, Maturitas, vol.54, issue.1, pp.27-38, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.10.001

R. Maillet and . Le, Le THM??: ??tat des connaissances en 2012, Journal de Gyn??cologie Obst??trique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.41, issue.7, pp.1-2, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2012.09.001

B. Hanesse and F. Paille, Epidémiologie de la population âgée en France, Real Gynecol Obstet, vol.114, pp.8-14, 2006.

M. Perez, J. , C. Garcia, F. Palacios, S. Perez et al., Epidemiology of risk factors and symptoms associated with menopause in Spanish women, Maturitas, vol.62, issue.1, pp.30-36, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.10.003

A. Genazzani, H. Schneider, N. Panay, and E. Nijland, The European Menopause Survey 2005: Women's perceptions on the menopause and postmenopausal hormone therapy, Gynecological Endocrinology, vol.166, issue.7, pp.369-75, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.010

R. Williams, L. Kalilani, D. Dibenedetti, X. Zhou, A. Granger et al., Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States, Climacteric, vol.80, issue.1, pp.32-43, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5122(96)01046-8

S. Observatoire-de-la-médecine-générale-sfmg-sabia, A. Fournier, S. Mesrine, M. Boutron-ruault, and F. Clavel-chapelon, Données en consultation pour la ménopause (problème et suivi) Available from : http ://omg.sfmg.org/content/ donnees/donnees.php 15 Risk factors for onset of menopausal symptoms : results from a large cohort study, Maturitas, vol.60, issue.2, pp.108-129, 2008.

L. Dennerstein, E. Dudley, J. Hopper, J. Guthrie, and H. Burger, A prospective population-based study of menopausal symptoms, Obstet Gynecol, vol.96, issue.3, pp.351-359, 2000.

H. Nelson, E. Haney, and L. Humphrey, Management of menopause-related symptoms Evidence report/technology assesment n°120. [Internet] Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Available from : http ://archive.ahrq.gov, 2005.

D. Grady, Management of Menopausal Symptoms, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.355, issue.22, pp.2338-2385, 2006.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMcp054015

K. Rödström, C. Bengtsson, L. Lissner, I. Milsom, V. Sundh et al., A longitudinal study of the treatment of hot flushes: the population study of women in Gothenburg during a quarter of a century, Menopause, vol.9, issue.3, pp.156-61, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00042192-200205000-00003

E. Gold, G. Block, S. Crawford, L. Lachance, G. Fitzgerald et al., Lifestyle and Demographic Factors in Relation to Vasomotor Symptoms: Baseline Results from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.159, issue.12, pp.1189-99, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwh168

D. Mohyi, K. Tabassi, and J. Simon, Differential diagnosis of hot flashes, Maturitas, vol.27, issue.3, pp.203-217, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5122(97)83974-6

L. Pandit and J. Ouslander, Postmenopausal vaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis, Am J
DOI : 10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40205-8

S. Leiblum, G. Bachmann, E. Kemmann, D. Colburn, and L. Swartzman, Vaginal atrophy in the postmenopausal woman. The importance of sexual activity and hormones, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.249, issue.16, pp.2195-2203, 1983.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.249.16.2195

E. Gold, B. Sternfeld, J. Kelsey, C. Brown, C. Mouton et al., Relation of Demographic and Lifestyle Factors to Symptoms in a Multi-Racial/Ethnic Population of Women 40-55 Years of Age, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.152, issue.5, pp.463-73, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/152.5.463

P. Polo-kantola, R. Erkkola, K. Irjala, H. Helenius, S. Pullinen et al., Climacteric symptoms and sleep quality, Obstet Gynecol, vol.94, issue.2, pp.219-243, 1999.

J. Bromberger, P. Meyer, H. Kravitz, B. Sommer, A. Cordal et al., Psychologic Distress and Natural Menopause: A Multiethnic Community Study, American Journal of Public Health, vol.91, issue.9, pp.1435-1477, 2001.
DOI : 10.2105/AJPH.91.9.1435

M. Thornton, Estrogens and aging skin, Dermato-Endocrinology, vol.12, issue.2, pp.264-70, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.038

W. Group, Development of the WHOQOL: Rationale and Current Status, International Journal of Mental Health, vol.1, issue.3, pp.24-56, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/per.2410040304

L. Floch, J. P. Colau, J. C. Zartarian, and M. , Validation d'une méthode d'évaluation de la qualité de vie en ménopause, Réf Gyn Obst, vol.2, issue.2, pp.179-88, 1994.

A. Lobersztajn, F. Trémollières, . Ménopause, É. Os-lespessailles, F. Cotté et al., M??nopause et os, Prévalence et caractéristiques de l'ostéoporose dans la population générale en France : l'étude Instant, pp.28-32, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2012.09.005

. Cépidc-inserm, Interrogation des données sur les causes de décès de, 1979.

F. Gueyffier and C. Cornu, Traitement hormonal de la ménopause et risque artériel, Rev Prat, vol.55, pp.383-391, 2005.

J. Stevenson, . Hrt, and . Cardiovascular-disease, HRT and cardiovascular disease, Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol.23, issue.1, pp.109-129, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.10.010

M. Seed and R. Knopp, Estrogens, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular risk factors: an update following the randomized placebo-controlled trials of hormone-replacement therapy, Current Opinion in Lipidology, vol.15, issue.4
DOI : 10.1097/01.mol.0000137231.84772.80

A. Dessapt and P. Gourdy, M??nopause et risque cardiovasculaire, Journal de Gyn??cologie Obst??trique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.41, issue.7, pp.13-22, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2012.09.003

L. Launer, K. Andersen, M. Dewey, L. Letenneur, A. Ott et al., Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Results from EURODEM pooled analyses, Neurology, vol.52, issue.1, pp.78-84, 1999.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.52.1.78

V. Henderson, Estrogen-containing hormone therapy and Alzheimer???s disease risk: Understanding discrepant inferences from observational and experimental research, Neuroscience, vol.138, issue.3
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.06.017

K. Vearncombe and N. Pachana, Is cognitive functioning detrimentally affected after early, induced menopause?, Menopause, vol.16, issue.1, pp.188-98, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181775eb4

D. Delanoë, La m??nopause comme ph??nom??ne culturel, Champ psy, vol.24, issue.4, pp.57-67, 2001.
DOI : 10.3917/cpsy.024.0057

S. De-beauvoir, Le deuxième sexe. Paris : Gallimard, 1949.

W. Robert, Feminine forever, 1966.

K. Liao, M. Hunter, and P. White, Beliefs about Menopause of General Practitioners and Mid-aged Women, Family Practice, vol.11, issue.4, pp.408-420, 1994.
DOI : 10.1093/fampra/11.4.408

S. Cifcili, M. Akman, A. Demirkol, P. Unalan, and E. Vermeire, "I should live and finish it": A qualitative inquiry into Turkish women's menopause experience, BMC Family Practice, vol.9, issue.4, 2009.
DOI : 10.3109/01674829809025694

M. Flint, The Menopause: Reward or Punishment?, Psychosomatics, vol.16, issue.4, pp.161-164, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/S0033-3182(75)71183-0

G. Devereux, The psychologie of feminine genital bleeding. An analysis of Mohave Indian puberty en menstrual rites, Int J Psychoanal, vol.31, pp.1-21, 1950.

L. Fontaine and J. , Homicide and suicide among the Gisu, Princet Univ Press, pp.94-129, 1960.

D. Delanoë, Les représentations de la ménopause et les attitudes envers le traitement hormonal Une enquête de la population générale en France. in Epelboin S, Heritier-Auge F, Sureau C. Stéroïdes, ménopause et approche socio-culturelle, 1998.

N. Avis and S. Mckinlay, A longitudinal analysis of women's attitudes toward the menopause: results from the Massachusetts Women's Health Study, Maturitas, vol.13, issue.1, pp.65-79, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5122(91)90286-Y

. Sofres-et-groupe-de-recherche-servier, Dossier de presse : 50 ans la vie devant soi, p.43, 2002.

P. Chanson, Historique du traitement hormonal substitutif de la ménopause, Rev Prat, vol.55, pp.369-75, 2005.

S. Coney, The menopause industry : how the medical establishment exploites women. Hunter House, 1994.

H. Ziel and W. Finkle, Increased Risk of Endometrial Carcinoma among Users of Conjugated Estrogens, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.293, issue.23, pp.1167-70, 1975.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM197512042932303

D. Grady, T. Gebretsadik, K. Kerlikowske, V. Ernster, and D. Petitti, Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: A meta-analysis, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.85, issue.2, pp.304-317, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0029-7844(94)00383-O

G. Colditz, W. Willett, M. Stampfer, B. Rosner, F. Speizer et al., Menopause and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.316, issue.18, pp.1105-1115, 1987.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM198704303161801

A. Heyman, W. Wilkinson, J. Stafford, M. Helms, A. Sigmon et al., Alzheimer's disease: A study of epidemiological aspects, Annals of Neurology, vol.118, issue.4, pp.335-376, 1984.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410150406

K. Steinberg, S. Thacker, S. Smith, D. Stroup, M. Zack et al., A meta-analysis of the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of breast cancer

S. Hulley, D. Grady, T. Bush, C. Furberg, D. Herrington et al., Randomized Trial of Estrogen Plus Progestin for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women, JAMA, vol.280, issue.7, pp.605-618, 1998.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.280.7.605

D. Grady, D. Herrington, V. Bittner, R. Blumenthal, M. Davidson et al., Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes During 6.8 Years of Hormone Therapy, JAMA, vol.288, issue.1, pp.49-57, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.288.1.49

J. Rossouw, G. Anderson, and R. Prenctice, Risks and benefits of Estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women : Principal results from the Women's Health initiative randomized controlled trial, JAMA, vol.288, issue.3, pp.321-354, 2002.

M. Garton, Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy: the Million Women Study, The Lancet, vol.362, issue.9392
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14590-4

J. Cauley, J. Robbins, Z. Chen, S. Cummings, R. Jackson et al., Effects of Estrogen Plus Progestin on Risk of Fracture and Bone Mineral Density<SUBTITLE>The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial</SUBTITLE>, JAMA, vol.290, issue.13, pp.1729-1767, 2003.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.290.13.1729

J. Yates, E. Barrett-connor, S. Barlas, Y. Chen, P. Miller et al., Rapid Loss of Hip Fracture Protection After Estrogen Cessation: Evidence From the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.103, issue.3, pp.440-446, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/01.AOG.0000114986.14806.37

J. Rossouw, R. Prentice, J. Manson, L. Wu, D. Barad et al., Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease by Age and Years Since Menopause, JAMA, vol.297, issue.13, pp.1465-77, 2007.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.297.13.1465

S. Salpeter, J. Walsh, E. Greyber, and E. Salpeter, Brief report : Coronary heart disease events associated with hormone therapy in younger and older women

K. Longevity-research-institute-chierbeck, L. Rejnmark, L. Tofteng, C. Stilgren, L. Eiken et al., Press Release-Hormone therapy has many favorable effects in newly menopausal women : Initial findings of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) [Internet]. 2012 Available from : http ://www.menopause. org/docs/agm/general-release.pdf?sfvrsn=0 76 Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women : randomised trial, Trial does not change the conclusions of Cochrane review of long term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, p.8141, 2012.

J. Rossouw, J. Manson, A. Kaunitz, and M. Stefanick, Study had insufficient power to investigate safety, BMJ, vol.345, issue.dec03 2, p.8146, 2012.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.e8146

C. Main, B. Knight, T. Moxham, G. Sanchez, R. et al., Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent stroke : a meta-analysis, Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Commentary. BMJ, vol.4330, issue.7487, pp.342-347, 2005.

S. Wassertheil-smoller, S. Hendrix, M. Limacher, G. Heiss, C. Kooperberg et al., Effect of Estrogen Plus Progestin on Stroke in Postmenopausal Women, JAMA, vol.289, issue.20, pp.2673-84, 2003.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.289.20.2673

P. Scarabin, . Ths, and . Risque-thromboembolique-veineux, Reprod hum horm, pp.241-246, 2003.

P. Scarabin, E. Oger, and G. Plu-bureau, Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen-replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk. The Lancet, pp.428-460, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01026273

M. Canonico, G. Plu-bureau, G. Lowe, and P. Scarabin, Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ, vol.336, issue.7655, pp.1227-1258, 2008.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.39555.441944.BE

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01142884

M. Canonico, E. Oger, G. Plu-bureau, J. Conard, G. Meyer et al., Hormone Therapy and Venous Thromboembolism Among Postmenopausal Women: Impact of the Route of Estrogen Administration and Progestogens: The ESTHER Study, Circulation, vol.115, issue.7, pp.840-845, 2007.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.642280

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00688234

R. Chlebowski, S. Hendrix, and R. Langer, Influence of Estrogen Plus Progestin on Breast Cancer and Mammography in Healthy Postmenopausal Women, JAMA, vol.289, issue.24, pp.3243-53, 2003.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.289.24.3243

A. Fournier, F. Berrino, and F. Clavel-chapelon, Unequal risks for breast cancer associated with different hormone replacement therapies: results from the E3N cohort study, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol.95, issue.1, pp.103-114, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10549-007-9523-x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00201813

E. Cordina-duverger, T. Truong, A. Anger, M. Sanchez, P. Arveux et al., Risk of Breast Cancer by Type of Menopausal Hormone Therapy : a Case-Control Study among Post-Menopausal Women in France Available from : http ://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3815310/ 92. Fournier A, Mesrine S, Boutron-Ruault M-C, Clavel-Chapelon F. Estrogen-progestagen menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer : does delay from menopause onset to treatment initiation influence risks, PLoS ONE [Internet]. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol, vol.827, issue.1131, pp.5138-5181, 2009.

H. Allemand, B. Seradour, A. Weill, and P. Ricordeau, Decline in breast cancer incidence in France : a paradoxical trend, Bull Cancer, vol.95, issue.1, pp.11-16, 2005.

V. Ringa and A. Fournier, Did the decrease in use of menopausal hormone therapy induce a decrease in the incidence of breast cancer in France (and elsewhere)?Rev épi Santé Pub, pp.297-301, 2008.

F. Grodstein, P. Newcomb, and M. Stampfer, Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a review and meta-analysis, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.106, issue.5, pp.574-82, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00063-7

R. Prentice, M. Pettinger, S. Beresford, J. Wactawski-wende, F. Hubbell et al., Colorectal Cancer in Relation to Postmenopausal Estrogen and Estrogen Plus Progestin in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial and Observational Study, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, vol.18, issue.5, pp.1531-1538, 2009.
DOI : 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1209

I. Letendre and P. Lopes, M??nopause et risques carcinologiques, Journal de Gyn??cologie Obst??trique et Biologie de la Reproduction, vol.41, issue.7, pp.33-40, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2012.09.006

V. Beral, D. Bull, and G. Reeves, Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study, Lancet, vol.365, issue.9470, pp.1543-51, 2005.

A. Fournier, L. Dossus, S. Mesrine, A. Vilier, M. Boutron-ruault et al., Risks of Endometrial Cancer Associated With Different Hormone Replacement Therapies in the E3N Cohort, 1992-2008, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.180, issue.5, pp.508-525, 1992.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwu146

V. Beral, M. Women-study, . Collaborators, D. Bull, J. Green et al., Ovarian cancer and hormone replacement therapy in the Million Women Study, The Lancet, vol.369, issue.9574, pp.1703-1713, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60534-0

A. Gompel and G. Plu-bureau, Ovarian cancer and hormone replacement therapy. The Lancet, p.932, 2007.

R. Chlebowski, A. Schwartz, H. Wakelee, G. Anderson, M. Stefanick et al., Oestrogen plus progestin and lung cancer in postmenopausal women (Women's Health Initiative trial): a post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial, The Lancet, vol.374, issue.9697, pp.1243-51, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61526-9

B. Sherwin, Estrogen and Cognitive Functioning in Women, Endocrine Reviews, vol.24, issue.2, pp.133-51, 2003.
DOI : 10.1210/er.2001-0016

M. Espeland, S. Rapp, S. Shumaker, R. Brunner, J. Manson et al., Conjugated Equine Estrogens and Global Cognitive Function in Postmenopausal Women<SUBTITLE>Women's Health Initiative Memory Study</SUBTITLE>, JAMA, vol.291, issue.24, pp.2959-68, 2004.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.291.24.2959

A. Lethaby, E. Hogervorst, M. Richards, A. Yesufu, and K. Yaffe, Hormone replacement therapy for cognitive function in postmenopausal women, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, vol.356, issue.2, p.3122, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/14651858.CD003122.pub2

S. Salpeter, J. Walsh, E. Greyber, T. Ormiston, and E. Salpeter, Mortality associated with hormone replacement therapy in younger and older women, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol.25, issue.7, pp.791-804, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30281.x

S. Bercier, G. Leroux, F. Roudot-thovara, R. V. Pouchain, D. Attali et al., Qualité de vie de 214 femmes ménopausées en fonction de la prise ou non de THS, Rev Prat Méd Gén, vol.18673, issue.672, pp.1431-1436, 2004.

D. Villiers, T. Gass, M. Haines, C. Hall, J. Lobo et al., Global Consensus Statement on menopausal hormone therapy, Maturitas, vol.74, issue.4, pp.391-393, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.001

A. Gompel, . État, and . Lieux, Où en est-on après 5 ans de réduction des prescriptions du THM? Rev Prat, pp.1118-1139, 2010.

A. Fournier, C. Kernaleguen, H. Panjo, F. Clavel-chapelon, and V. Ringa, Postmenopausal hormone therapy initiation before and after the Women's Health Initiative in two French cohorts, Menopause, vol.18, issue.2, pp.219-242, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181ecf3ec

H. and C. De-la-transparence, Réévaluation des traitements hormonaux de la ménopause

A. Mise-au-point, Le traitement hormonal de la ménopause(THM) Point d'étape

. Prescrire, Traitement hormonal de la ménopause et cancers du sein (suite) Revue Prescrire, p.909, 2008.

. Prescrire, Troubles liés à la ménopause : traitement symptomatique. Idées-Forces Prescrire . Revue Prescrire Available from : http ://www.prescrire.org/Fr/ IFPList.aspx 117. Prescrire. Prévenir les fractures après la ménopause. Revue Prescrire, 2014.

D. Pup, L. , D. Francia, R. Cavaliere, C. Facchini et al., Promestriene , a specific topic estrogen. Review of 40 years of vaginal atrophy treatment : is it safe even in cancer patients? Anticancer Drugs, pp.989-98, 2013.

S. Ghazal and L. Pal, Perspective on hormone therapy 10 years after the WHI, Maturitas, vol.76, issue.3, pp.208-220, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.08.014

G. Formoso, E. Perrone, S. Maltoni, S. Balduzzi, D. Amico et al., Short and long term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, vol.273, issue.4, p.8536, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/14651858.CD008536.pub2

A. Nedrow, J. Miller, M. Walker, P. Nygren, L. Huffman et al., Complementary and Alternative Therapies for the Management of Menopause-Related Symptoms, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.166, issue.14, pp.1453-65, 2006.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.166.14.1453

M. Rees, Alternative treatments for the menopause, Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol.23, issue.1, pp.151-61, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.10.006

J. Hirata, L. Swiersz, B. Zell, R. Small, and B. Ettinger, Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women? A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Fertility and Sterility, vol.68, issue.6, pp.981-987, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0015-0282(97)00397-X

A. Huntley, Drug-herb interactions with herbal medicines for menopause, Menopause International, vol.10, issue.4, pp.162-167, 2004.
DOI : 10.1258/1362180042721067

I. Wiklund, L. Mattsson, R. Lindgren, and C. Limoni, Effects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women : a double-blind, placébo-controlled trial

J. Coon and E. Ernst, Panax ginseng, Drug Safety, vol.264, issue.6122, pp.323-367, 2002.
DOI : 10.2165/00002018-200225050-00003

M. Bordet, A. Colas, P. Marijnen, J. Masson, and M. Trichard, Treating hot flushes in menopausal women with homeopathic treatment???Results of an observational study, Homeopathy, vol.97, issue.1, pp.10-15, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.homp.2007.11.005

J. Jacobs, P. Herman, K. Heron, S. Olsen, and L. Vaughters, Homeopathy for Menopausal Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial, The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, vol.11, issue.1, pp.21-28, 2005.
DOI : 10.1089/acm.2005.11.21

E. Thompson, A. Montgomery, D. Douglas, and D. Reilly, A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Individualized Homeopathy for Symptoms of Estrogen Withdrawal in Breast-Cancer Survivors, The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, vol.11, issue.1, pp.13-20, 2005.
DOI : 10.1089/acm.2005.11.13

T. Elraiyah, M. Sonbol, Z. Wang, T. Khairalseed, N. Asi et al., The Benefits and Harms of Systemic Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Postmenopausal Women With Normal Adrenal Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.99, issue.10, pp.3536-3578, 2014.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2014-2261

K. Pandya, R. Raubertas, P. Flynn, H. Hynes, R. Rosenbluth et al., Oral Clonidine in Postmenopausal Patients with Breast Cancer Experiencing Tamoxifen-Induced Hot Flashes: A University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program Study, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.132, issue.10, pp.788-93, 2000.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-132-10-200005160-00004

E. Suvanto-luukkonen, R. Koivunen, H. Sundström, R. Bloigu, E. Karjalainen et al., Citalopram and fluoxetine in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms: a prospective, randomized, 9-month, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, Menopause, vol.12, issue.1, pp.18-26, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/00042192-200512010-00006

S. Diem, T. Blackwell, K. Stone, K. Yaffe, E. Haney et al., Use of Antidepressants and Rates of Hip Bone Loss in Older Women, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.167, issue.12, pp.1240-1245, 2007.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.167.12.1240

A. Tamoxifène-et-fluoxétine-ou-paroxétine, pourquoi il est déconseillé de les associer-point d'information [Internet] Available from : http ://www.ansm.sante. fr/S-informer/Points-d-information-Points-d-information/Tamoxifene-et-fluoxetine- ou-paroxetine-pourquoi-il-est-deconseille-de-les-associer-Point-d-information, 2010.

M. Evans, E. Pritts, E. Vittinghoff, K. Mcclish, K. Morgan et al., Management of Postmenopausal Hot Flushes With Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A Randomized, Controlled Trial, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.105, issue.1, pp.161-167, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.AOG.0000147840.06947.46

T. Guttuso, R. Kurlan, M. Mcdermott, and K. Kieburtz, Gabapentin's effects on hot flashes in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial, Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.101, issue.2, pp.337-382, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02712-6

S. Cummings, S. Eckert, K. Krueger, D. Grady, T. Powles et al., The Effect of Raloxifene on Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women, JAMA, vol.281, issue.23, pp.2189-97, 1999.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.281.23.2189

J. Pinkerton, B. Komm, and S. Mirkin, Tissue selective estrogen complex combinations with bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens as a model, Climacteric, vol.18, issue.1, pp.618-646, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/gme.0b013e318212499c

B. Ettinger, D. Black, B. Mitlak, R. Knickerbocker, T. Nickelsen et al., Reduction of Vertebral Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis Treated With Raloxifene<SUBTITLE>Results From a 3-Year Randomized Clinical Trial</SUBTITLE>, JAMA, vol.282, issue.7, pp.637-682, 1999.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.282.7.637

K. Ensrud, J. Stock, E. Barrett-connor, D. Grady, L. Mosca et al., Effects of Raloxifene on Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women: The Raloxifene Use for The Heart Trial, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol.11, issue.S1, pp.112-132, 2008.
DOI : 10.1359/jbmr.070904

G. Levasseur, C. Bagot, and C. Honnorat, L'activit?? gyn??cologique des m??decins g??n??ralistes en Bretagne, Sant?? Publique, vol.17, issue.1, pp.109-128, 2005.
DOI : 10.3917/spub.051.0109

G. Guéniot, Dépistage des cancers : et si on pensait au généraliste? Panor Méd, pp.26-31, 1999.

C. Jamin, B. Raccah-tebeka, T. Chevallier, and M. Micheletti, Impact de??l'??tude WHI sur??le??comportement des??femmes m??decins vis-??-vis de??la??m??nopause, Gyn??cologie Obst??trique & Fertilit??, vol.34, issue.6, pp.499-505, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.03.024

M. Duriez, N. Dubois, and G. Brabant, La prescription de traitement hormonal substitutif de la ménopause dans le Nord-Pas-De-Calais : quels changements depuis 2002, Méd Reprod, vol.8, issue.1, pp.61-66, 2006.

N. Fleury and S. , Traitement hormonal de la ménopause (THM) : le point chez les médecins généralistes des Bouches-du-Rhône, 2010.

M. Baudin, 105 médecins généralistes de la Haute-Garonne et leurs patientes face à la ménopause depuis les recommandations de, 2004.

E. Hubert, Mission de concertation sur la médecine de proximité

J. Deville, C. Sarndal, and O. Sautory, Generalized Raking Procedures in Survey Sampling, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol.13, issue.423
DOI : 10.1080/01621459.1990.10474969

K. Andersson, A. Pedersen, L. Mattsson, and I. Milsom, Swedish gynecologists' and general practitioners' views on the climacteric period, Knowledge, attitudes and management strategies, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol.77, issue.9, pp.909-925, 1998.
DOI : 10.1080/j.1600-0412.1998.770907.x

L. Elinson, M. Cohen, and T. Elmslie, Hormone replacement therapy : a survey of Ontario physicians' prescribing practices, CMAJ, vol.161, issue.6, pp.695-703, 1999.

M. Birkhäuser and I. Reinecke, Current trends in hormone replacement therapy: perceptions and usage, Climacteric, vol.11, issue.3, pp.192-200, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)65943-0

B. Gjelsvik, E. Swensen, and P. Hjortdahl, The general practitioner's view on hormone replacement therapy during and after menopause. Tidsskr Den Nor Laegeforen Tidsskr Prakt Med Ny Raekke, pp.1500-1503, 2007.

L. Glatin and C. , Enquête autour de la ménopause et du traitement hormonal de la ménopause chez les médecins généralistes des Côtes-d'Armor en 2013, Thèse de Médecine générale, pp.2014-2040

D. Loiseau, Le point de vue des médecins généralistes du Laonnois sur le traitement hormonal substitutif de la ménopause, Amiens, vol.110, p.2014

N. Biglia, E. Ujcic, F. Kubatzki, P. Sgandurra, C. Robba et al., Personal use of hormone therapy by postmenopausal women doctors and male doctors??? wives in Italy after the publication of WHI trial, Maturitas, vol.54, issue.2, pp.181-92, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.10.008

?. La-vieillesse, mal-être physique ? Un mal-être psychique ? Un soulagement ? La fin de la sexualité ? La fin de la vie de femme, de la féminité ? Un changement physique hormonal sans autre retentissement ? Une nouvelle étape dans la vie d'une femme ?

?. Le-recul-de-la-vieillesse, Un moyen de préserver une qualité de vie ? Un moyen de préserver une sexualité ? Un moyen de préserver la féminité ? Un moyen de d' éviter l' ostéoporose ? Un moyen d' éviter les fractures ? Un traitement indiqué chez certaines femmes et sous certaines conditions ? La médicalisation d'un phénomène physiologique normal ?

?. Oui and . Non, Je ne sais pas ? Qui êtes vous? 26) Vous êtes? (Veuillez sélectionner une seule des propositions suivantes