D. A. Jabs, R. B. Nussenblatt, and J. T. Rosenbaum, Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop, Am J Ophthalmol, vol.140, issue.3, pp.509-525, 2005.

R. W. Darrell, H. P. Wagener, and L. T. Kurland, Epidemiology of Uveitis, Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.68, issue.4, pp.502-516, 1962.
DOI : 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030506014

R. L. Smit and G. S. Baarsma, Epidemiology of uveitis: Editorial review, Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol.6, issue.3, pp.57-61, 1995.
DOI : 10.1097/00055735-199506000-00010

A. Rodriguez, Referral Patterns of Uveitis in a Tertiary Eye Care Center, Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.114, issue.5, pp.593-602, 1996.
DOI : 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130585016

C. A. Mccannel, Causes of Uveitis in the General Practice of Ophthalmology, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.121, issue.1, pp.35-46, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70532-X

V. T. Tran, Epidemiological characteristics of uveitis in Switzerland, International Ophthalmology, vol.101, issue.suppl, pp.293-301, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00917833

E. Jakob, Uveitis subtypes in a german interdisciplinary uveitis center--analysis of 1916 patients, J Rheumatol, vol.36, issue.1, pp.127-163, 2009.

D. C. Gritz and I. G. Wong, Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in Northern California The Northern California Epidemiology of Uveitis Study, Ophthalmology, vol.111, issue.3, pp.491-500, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.06.014

N. R. Rose and C. , Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky's postulates revisited) Immunology today 14: p. 426-430. 11. Wicker, L.S., Major histocompatibility complex-linked control of autoimmunity Organ-specific autoimmunity, J Exp Med Bach, J.F. Immunol Today, vol.186, issue.127, pp.973-978, 1993.

R. N. Germain and E. Thorsby, MHC-dependent antigen processing and peptide presentation: providing ligands for T lymphocyte activation Several genes in the extended human MHC contribute to predisposition to autoimmune diseases Complete sequence and gene map of a human major histocompatibility complex. The MHC sequencing consortium, Cell Curr Opin Immunol Nature, vol.76, issue.156756, pp.287-99, 1994.

R. Horton, Gene map of the extended human MHC, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.4, issue.12, pp.889-99, 2004.
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.1995.0301

G. Moller, Origin of the Major Histocompatibility Cmlex diversity, Immunol. Rev, vol.143, pp.5-292, 1995.

R. K. Grosberg and M. W. Hart, Mate Selection and the Evolution of Highly Polymorphic Self/Nonself Recognition Genes, Science, vol.289, issue.5487, pp.289-2111, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.289.5487.2111

B. P. Babbitt, Binding of immunogenic peptides to Ia histocompatibility molecules, Nature, vol.116, issue.6035, pp.317-359, 1985.
DOI : 10.1038/317359a0

G. M. Schreuder, The HLA dictionary 1999: a summary of, Hum Immunol, vol.345, issue.11, pp.60-1157, 1999.

E. Pamer and P. Cresswell, MECHANISMS OF MHC CLASS I???RESTRICTED ANTIGEN PROCESSING, Annual Review of Immunology, vol.16, issue.1, pp.323-58, 1998.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.323

J. Pieters, MHC class II-restricted antigen processing and presentation, Adv Immunol, vol.75, pp.159-208, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2776(00)75004-8

S. Beck and J. Trowsdale, Sequence organisation of the class II region of the human MHC, Immunological Reviews, vol.147, issue.1, pp.201-211, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s002510050326

M. M. Fernando, Defining the role of the MHC in autoimmunity: a review and pooled analysis The human leucocyte antigens and clinical medicine: an overview, PLoS Genet Rev Immunogenet, vol.4, issue.11, pp.3-20, 1999.

P. Invernizzi, M. E. Gershwin-hewagama, A. , and B. Richardson, The genetics of human autoimmune disease The genetics and epigenetics of autoimmune diseases, J Autoimmun J Autoimmun, vol.27, issue.331, pp.3-11, 2009.

B. Bonnotte, Physiopathologie des maladies auto-immunes, La Revue de M??decine Interne, vol.25, issue.9, pp.648-58, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.revmed.2004.02.003

P. Boscolo, Environmental and occupational stress and autoimmunity, Autoimmunity Reviews, vol.7, issue.4, pp.340-343, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.autrev.2007.12.003

A. J. Davies, Immunological tolerance and the autoimmune response, Autoimmunity Reviews, vol.7, issue.7, pp.538-581, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.04.007

C. C. Goodnow, Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity, Nature, vol.82, issue.7042, pp.590-597, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16154-0

J. Klein and A. Sato, The HLA system. First of two parts Major histocompatibility genes and ankylosing spondylitis, N Engl J Med 33. Reveille, J.D. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, vol.343, issue.103, pp.702-711, 2000.

J. D. Reveille and R. M. Maganti, Subtypes of HLA-B27: History and Implications in the Pathogenesis of Ankylosing Spondylitis, Adv Exp Med Biol, vol.649, pp.159-76, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-0298-6_12

C. E. Larsen and C. A. Alper, The genetics of HLA-associated disease, Current Opinion in Immunology, vol.16, issue.5, pp.660-667, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.coi.2004.07.014

D. A. Carson, Genetic factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmunity, FASEB J, issue.610, pp.2800-2805, 1992.

B. Kyewski and J. Derbinski, Self-representation in the thymus: an extended view, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.6, issue.9, pp.688-98, 2004.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12413.x

A. Wandstrat and E. Wakeland, The genetics of complex autoimmune diseases: non-MHC susceptibility genes, Nat Immunol, issue.29, pp.802-811, 2001.

M. E. Alarcon-riquelme, Recent Advances in the Genetics of Autoimmune Diseases, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.56, issue.1, pp.1-9, 1110.
DOI : 10.1038/ng1782

A. Vegvari, The genetic background of ankylosing spondylitis, Joint Bone Spine, p.42, 2009.

M. Breban, The genetics of??spondyloarthropathies, Joint Bone Spine, vol.73, issue.4, pp.355-62, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbspin.2005.11.010

D. Gerber, C. Bonham, and A. Thomson, Immunosuppressive Agents: Recent Developments in Molecular Action and Clinical Application, Transplantation Proceedings, vol.30, issue.4, pp.1712-1727, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0041-1345(98)00361-3

A. Palestine, H. Austin, . Iii, and J. Balow, Renal Histopathologic Alterations in Patients Treated with Cyclosporine for Uveitis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.314, issue.20, pp.1293-1298, 1986.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM198605153142005

S. H. Laval, Whole-Genome Screening in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Evidence of Non-MHC Genetic-Susceptibility Loci, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.68, issue.4, pp.918-944, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/319509

J. P. Hugot, Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease, Nature, issue.4116837, pp.599-603, 2001.

A. E. Timms, The Interleukin 1 Gene Cluster Contains a Major Susceptibility Locus for Ankylosing Spondylitis, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.75, issue.4, pp.587-95, 2004.
DOI : 10.1086/424695

P. Jarvinen, Occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis in a nationwide series of twins, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.11, issue.3, pp.381-384, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/art.1780380313

M. A. Brown, Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in twins the role of genes, HLA, and the environment, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.39, issue.10, pp.40-1823, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/art.1780401015

M. A. Brown, Recurrence risk modelling of the genetic susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis The risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 positive individuals. A comparison of relatives of spondylitis patients with the general population, Ann Rheum Dis Arthritis Rheum, vol.52, issue.113, pp.59-883, 1984.

J. D. Reveille, The genetic basis of ankylosing spondylitis, Current Opinion in Rheumatology, vol.18, issue.4, pp.332-373, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/01.bor.0000231899.81677.04

K. W. Carter, Combined analysis of three whole genome linkage scans for Ankylosing Spondylitis, Rheumatology, vol.46, issue.5, pp.763-71, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/rheumatology/kel443

J. A. Todd, L. Steinman-shah, and K. H. , The environment strikes back, Current Opinion in Immunology, vol.5, issue.6, pp.863-868, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0952-7915(93)90097-C

S. J. Ryan, A. E. Maumenee, and . Birdshot-retinochoroidopathy, Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.89, issue.1, pp.31-45, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9394(80)90226-3

R. D. Levinson, Research Criteria for the Diagnosis of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Results of an International Consensus Conference, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.141, issue.1, pp.185-192, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.025

R. D. Levinson, Longitudinal Cohort Study of Patients with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy. V. Quality of Life at Baseline, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.147, issue.2, pp.346-350, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.08.011

H. A. Priem and J. A. Oosterhuis, Birdshot chorioretinopathy: clinical characteristics and evolution., British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.72, issue.9, pp.646-59, 1988.
DOI : 10.1136/bjo.72.9.646

H. A. Priem, Electrophysiologic Studies in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.106, issue.4, pp.430-436, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90879-3

G. N. Holland, Longitudinal Cohort Study of Patients With Birdshot Chorioretinopathy II: Color Vision at Baseline, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.142, issue.6, pp.1013-1021, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.06.065

. Kappel, Contrast Sensitivity Among Patients with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.147, issue.2, pp.351-356, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.08.021

A. T. Gasch, J. A. Smith, S. M. Whitcup, and . Birdshot-retinochoroidopathy, Birdshot retinochoroidopathy, British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.83, issue.2, pp.241-250, 1999.
DOI : 10.1136/bjo.83.2.241

G. Soubrane, R. Bokobza, and G. Coscas, Late Developing Lesions in Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.109, issue.2, pp.204-214, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)75988-4

D. Monnet, Longitudinal Cohort Study of Patients With Birdshot Chorioretinopathy. I. Baseline Clinical Characteristics, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.141, issue.1, pp.135-177, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.067

D. Monnet, Longitudinal Cohort Study of Patients with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy. III. Macular Imaging at Baseline, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.144, issue.6, pp.818-828, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.08.011

C. Fardeau, Indocyanine green angiography in birdshot chorioretinopathy, Ophthalmology, vol.106, issue.10, pp.1928-1962, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90403-7

D. Milea, Indocyanine green angiography in choroidal tuberculomas, British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.83, issue.6, p.753, 1999.
DOI : 10.1136/bjo.83.6.753

L. J. Howe, Choroidal abnormalities in birdshot chorioretinopathy: An indocyanine green angiography study, Eye, vol.93, issue.3, pp.554-563, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01930458

J. E. Thorne, Loss of Visual Field Among Patients with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.145, issue.1, pp.23-28, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.08.039

J. D. Gass, Vitiliginous Chorioretinitis, Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.99, issue.10, pp.99-1778, 1981.
DOI : 10.1001/archopht.1981.03930020652006

L. K. Gordon, Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. IV. Visual field results at baseline Electroretinograms as an indicator of disease activity in birdshot retinochoroidopathy, Am J Ophthalmol Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, vol.144, issue.68, pp.829-837, 2002.

K. T. Oh, N. J. Christmas, and J. C. Folk, Birdshot retinochoroiditis: long term follow-up of a chronically progressive disease, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.133, issue.5, pp.622-631, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01350-8

R. B. Nussenblatt, Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy Associated with Hla-A29 Antigen and Immune Responsiveness to Retinal S-Antigen, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.94, issue.2, pp.147-58, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9394(82)90069-1

T. Hirose, Retinal function in birdshot retinochoroidopathy, Acta Ophthalmologica, vol.87, issue.3, pp.327-364, 1991.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb04823.x

R. L. Smit, G. S. Baarsma, and J. De-vries, Classification of 750 consecutive uveitis patients in the Rotterdam Eye Hospital, International Ophthalmology, vol.189, issue.2, pp.71-77, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00942778

G. Soubrane, Birdshot retinochoroidopathy and subretinal new vessels., British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.67, issue.7, pp.461-468, 1983.
DOI : 10.1136/bjo.67.7.461

A. J. Brucker, Subretinal Choroidal Neovascularization in Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.99, issue.1, pp.40-44, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)75864-7

V. Godel, E. Baruch, and M. Lazar, Late development of chorioretinal lesions in birdshot retinochoroidopathy, Ann Ophthalmol, vol.21, issue.2, pp.49-52, 1989.

H. J. Kaplan, T. M. Aaberg, J. G. Birdshot-retinochoroidopathy-ladas, A. C. Arnold, and G. N. Holland, Control of visual symptoms in two men with birdshot retinochoroidopathy using low-dose oral corticosteroid therapy, Am J Ophthalmol Am J Ophthalmol, vol.85, issue.1281, pp.90-773, 1980.

A. Martidis, J. S. Duker, C. A. Shah, A. , and M. Branley, Intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory cystoid macular edema secondary to birdshot retinochoroidopathy Use of intravitreal triamcinolone in the management of birdshot retinochoroidopathy associated with cystoid macular oedema: a case study over a three-year period, Arch Ophthalmol Clin Experiment Ophthalmol, vol.119, issue.33, pp.1380-1383, 2001.

A. Vitale, A. Rodriguez, and C. S. Foster, Low-dose Cyclosporine Therapy in the Treatment of Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy, Ophthalmology, vol.101, issue.5, pp.822-853, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0161-6420(13)31254-8

L. Hoang and P. , Cyclosporine in the treatment of birdshot retinochoroidopathy, Transplant Proc, vol.203, pp.128-158, 1988.

A. J. Greenwood, M. R. Stanford, E. M. Graham, E. , and E. Frau, The role of azathioprine in the management of retinal vasculitis Birdshot retinochoroidopathy and HLA-A29+ and HLA-A29-idiopathic retinal vasculitis: comparative study of 56 cases, Eye Can J Ophthalmol, vol.12, issue.7, pp.26-361, 1991.

H. A. Leder, Disappearance of classic birdshot spots after immunosuppression with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.92, issue.2, p.291, 2008.
DOI : 10.1136/bjo.2007.120691

L. Sobrin, Daclizumab for Treatment of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.126, issue.2, pp.186-91, 2008.
DOI : 10.1001/archophthalmol.2007.49

P. Lehoang, Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for the treatment of birdshot retinochoroidopathy, Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, vol.5, issue.1, pp.49-57, 2000.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199201093260206

S. Hesse, Psoriasis and Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Response to Aromatic Retinoids, Dermatology, vol.187, issue.2, pp.137-146, 1993.
DOI : 10.1159/000247225

C. De-courten and C. P. Herbort, Potential role of computerized visual field testing for the appraisal and follow-up of birdshot chorioretinopathy, Arch Ophthalmol, issue.10, pp.116-1389, 1998.

T. R. Vrabec, Taches de Bougie, Ophthalmology, vol.102, issue.11, pp.1712-1733, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0161-6420(95)30804-4

P. Lehoang, HLA-A29.2 Subtype Associated With Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.113, issue.1, pp.33-38, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)75749-6

M. J. Barondes, Peripheral retinal neovascularization in birdshot retinochoroidopathy, Ann Ophthalmol, vol.21, issue.8, pp.306-314, 1989.

P. Yang, Clinical Patterns and Characteristics of Uveitis in a Tertiary Center for Uveitis in China, Current Eye Research, vol.100, issue.11, pp.30-943, 2005.
DOI : 10.3109/09286589609080121

S. R. Rathinam, P. Namperumalsamy, M. , and T. Rosenberg, Global variation and pattern changes in epidemiology of uveitis Birdshot retinochoroidopathy in monozygotic twins, Indian J Ophthalmol Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh), vol.55, issue.35, pp.173-83, 1992.

L. Trinh, Clinical Features, Treatment Methods, and Evolution of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy in 5 Different Families, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.147, issue.6, pp.1042-1049, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.12.035

H. A. Priem, HLA Typing in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.105, issue.2, pp.182-187, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90183-3

D. Monnet, A. P. Brezin, and . Birdshot-chorioretinopathy, Birdshot chorioretinopathy, Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol.17, issue.6, pp.545-50, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3280109479

R. Wee and G. Papaliodis, Genetics of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, Seminars in Ophthalmology, vol.36, issue.4, pp.53-60, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.08.004

T. Tabary, [HLA-A29 sub-types and "Birdshot" choroido-retinopathy susceptibility: a possible "resistance motif" in the HLA-A29.1 molecule, C R Acad Sci III, issue.13, pp.313-599, 1991.

T. Tabary, Susceptibility to birdshot chorioretinopathy is restricted to the HLA-A29.2 subtype, Tissue Antigens, vol.35, issue.4, pp.177-186, 1990.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1990.tb01826.x

. Baltatzis and R. D. Levinson, Mycophenolate mofetil as an immunomodulatory agent in the treatment of chronic ocular inflammatory disorders Human leukocyte antigen A29 subtypes associated with birdshot retinochoroidopathy Kiss S & al . Long term follow-up of patients with Birdshot retinochoroidopathy treated with corticosteroid-sparing systemic immunomodulatory therapy, Ophthalmology Am J Ophthalmol Ophthalmology, vol.110, issue.112, pp.1061-65, 2003.

Y. Szpak, Spontaneous retinopathy in HLA-A29 transgenic mice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.98, issue.5, pp.2572-2578, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.051595998

R. R. Caspi, Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in the rat and mouse Cellular immune responses of patients with uveitis to retinal antigens and their fragments, Curr Protoc Immunol Am J Ophthalmol, vol.15, issue.2, pp.110-135, 1990.

D. Jobin, Severe retinochoroidopathy: variations of humoral and cellular immunity to S-antigen in a longitudinal study, Current Eye Research, vol.70, issue.sup1, pp.91-97, 1990.
DOI : 10.3109/02713688709034859

P. A. Gaudio, D. B. Kaye, and J. B. Crawford, Histopathology of birdshot retinochoroidopathy, British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.86, issue.12, pp.1439-1480, 2002.
DOI : 10.1136/bjo.86.12.1439

H. M. Holak, S. Szymaniec, and S. A. Holak, The Pathogenesis of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, Survey of Ophthalmology, vol.51, issue.4, pp.446-453, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.04.001

D. Ebenezer and J. Thorne, Mycophenolate mofetil for ocular inflammation, Am J Ophthalmol, vol.149, pp.423-432, 2010.

I. Scott and H. Flynn, Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for idiopathic cystoid macular edema, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.136, issue.4, pp.737-739, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9394(03)00266-6

D. A. Jabs and J. Rosenbaum, Guidelines for the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders: recommendations of an expert panel, American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.130, issue.4, pp.492-513, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00659-0

A. Jap and S. Chee, Immunosuppressive therapy for ocular diseases, Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol.19, issue.6, pp.535-540, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283126d20

L. Yanuzzi, A perspective on the treatment of aphakic cystoid macular edema, Survey of Ophthalmology, vol.28, issue.1251, pp.540-553106, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0039-6257(84)90238-8

. Kaçmaz, Cyclosporine for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases, Ophthalmology, vol.117, issue.3, pp.576-84, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.08.010

O. Kean, Birdshot retinochoroiditis : long term follow-up of a chronically progressive disease, Am J Ophthalmol, vol.133, pp.622-651, 2002.