V. Boyer and A. Nationale, Commission des Affaires Culturelles Familiales et Sociales. Paris. Rapport sur la prévention de l'obésité, 2008.

. Obépi-roche, Enquête épidémiologique nationale sur le surpoids et l'obésité. Neuillysur-Seine, 2012.

A. Basdevant, Complications de l'ob??sit??, Nutrition Clinique et M??tabolisme, vol.12, issue.3, pp.211-216, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0985-0562(98)80075-7

H. Bihan, C. Choleau, and R. Cohen, Obésité, insulinorésistance et complications métaboliques : ce que l'obésité morbide apprend au médecin. Presse Médicale. Décembre, pp.1893-1900, 2007.

J. Schlienger, Conséquences pathologiques de l'obésité. Obésité. Septembre, pp.913-933, 2010.

E. Kylin, Studien uber da Hypertonie-Hyperglykamie-Hypreurika miesyndrom. Zentralblatt fuer Innere Medizin, 1923.

J. Vague, A DETERMINANT FACTOR OF THE FORMS OF OBESITY, Obesity Research, vol.4, issue.2, pp.201-204, 1947.
DOI : 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00535.x

G. Reaven, Role of insulin resistance in human disease, Annual Review of Medicine. Décembre, vol.37, issue.12, pp.1595-607, 1988.

G. Reaven, Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease (Syndrome X): An Expanded Definition, Annual Review of Medicine, vol.44, issue.1, pp.121-152, 1993.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.001005

K. Alberti and P. Zimmet, Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO Consultation, Diabetic Medicine, vol.15, issue.7, pp.15539-53, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S

B. Balkau, M. Charles, and T. Drivsholm, Frequency of the WHO metabolic syndrome in European cohorts, and an alternative definition of an insulin resistance syndrome, Diabetes and Metabolism. Novembre, vol.28, issue.5, pp.364-76, 2002.

P. Zimmet, G. Alberti, and J. Shaw, The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrom, 2005.

K. Alberti, R. Eckel, and S. Grundy, Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome: A Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity, Circulation, vol.120, issue.16, pp.1640-1645, 2009.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644

E. Ford, W. Giles, and A. Mokdad, Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among u.s. Adults. Diabetes Care. Octobre, pp.2444-2453, 2004.

A. Cameron, J. Shaw, and P. Zimmet, The metabolic syndrome: prevalence in worldwide populations, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, vol.33, issue.2, pp.351-75, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecl.2004.03.005

B. Balkau, M. Vernay, and L. Mhamdi, The incidence and persistence of the NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program) metabolic syndrome. The French D.E.S.I.R. study, Diabetes & Metabolism, vol.29, issue.5, pp.526-558, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70067-8

S. Gamilia and J. Dallongeville, Epidémiologie du syndrome métabolique en France. Med Nutr, pp.89-94, 2003.

R. Rosmond, Role of stress in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.30, issue.1, pp.1-10, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.05.007

B. Wajchenberg, Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue: Their Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome, Endocrine Reviews, vol.21, issue.6, pp.697-738, 2000.
DOI : 10.1210/edrv.21.6.0415

F. Andreelli and . L-'insulinorésistance, Hépato-Gastro & Oncologie Digestive, pp.78-80, 2004.

H. Himsworth, DIABETES MELLITUS, The Lancet, vol.227, issue.5864, pp.1594-1602
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)36134-2

J. Tordjman, Histology of normal and pathological white adipose tissue, Ob??sit??, vol.23, issue.4, pp.228-261, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s11690-013-0404-7

J. Vague, The Degree of Masculine Differentiation of Obesities:, Obesity Research, vol.11, issue.2, pp.89-90, 1956.
DOI : 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00536.x

E. Ferrannini, A. Natali, and P. Bell, Insulin resistance and hypersecretion in obesity. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR)., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.100, issue.5, pp.1166-73, 1997.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI119628

A. Boulogne and M. Vantyghem, Physiopathologie de l'insulinorésistance. Presse Médicale, pp.666-72, 2004.

E. Standl, Aetiology and consequences of the metabolic syndrome, European Heart Journal Supplements, vol.7, issue.Suppl D, pp.10-13, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/eurheartj/sui023

D. Lau, B. Dhillon, and H. Yan, Adipokines: molecular links between obesity and atheroslcerosis, AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol.288, issue.5, pp.2031-2072, 2005.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpheart.01058.2004

A. Tchernof and J. Després, Pathophysiology of Human Visceral Obesity: An Update, Physiological Reviews, vol.93, issue.1, pp.359-404
DOI : 10.1152/physrev.00033.2011

S. Lim and R. Eckel, Pharmacological treatment and therapeutic perspectives of metabolic syndrome, Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, vol.27, issue.11, pp.24-2014
DOI : 10.1007/s11154-014-9298-4

M. Takahara and I. Shimomura, Metabolic syndrome and lifestyle modification, Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, vol.19, issue.11, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s11154-014-9294-8

G. Reaven, THE INSULIN RESISTANCE SYNDROME: Definition and Dietary Approaches to Treatment, Annual Review of Nutrition, vol.25, issue.1, pp.391-406, 2005.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132155

L. Perreault, Q. Pan, and K. Mather, Effect of regression from prediabetes to normal glucose regulation on long-term reduction in diabetes risk: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study, The Lancet, vol.379, issue.9833, pp.3792243-51, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60525-X

S. Grundy, J. Cleeman, and S. Daniels, Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement: Executive Summary, Circulation, vol.112, issue.17, pp.198-203, 2005.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169405

L. Tenkanen, M. Mänttäri, and P. Kovanen, Gemfibrozil in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.166, issue.7, pp.743-751, 2006.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.166.7.743

B. Asztalos, D. Collins, and K. Horvath, Relation of gemfibrozil treatment and high-density lipoprotein subpopulation profile with cardiovascular events in the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial, Metabolism, vol.57, issue.1, pp.77-83, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.08.009

A. Wierzbicki, FIELDS of dreams, fields of tears: a perspective on the fibrate trials, International Journal of Clinical Practice, vol.20, issue.Suppl. V, pp.442-451, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2006.00882.x

A. Tenenbaum, E. Fisman, and V. Boyko, Attenuation of Progression of Insulin Resistance in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease by Bezafibrate, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.166, issue.7, pp.737-778, 2006.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.166.7.737

D. Sica, Angiotensin-receptor blockers: Another victory, Current Hypertension Reports, vol.351, issue.4, pp.321-324, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s11906-996-0011-1

R. Sanchez, L. Masnatta, and C. Pesiney, Telmisartan improves insulin resistance in high renin nonmodulating salt-sensitive hypertensives, Journal of Hypertension, vol.26, issue.12, pp.2393-2401, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328312677e

F. Younis, N. Stern, and R. Limor, Telmisartan ameliorates hyperglycemia and metabolic profile in nonobese Cohen-Rosenthal diabetic hypertensive rats via peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma activation, Metabolism. Août, issue.8, pp.591200-591209, 2010.

D. Marciano, M. Chang, and C. Corzo, The Therapeutic Potential of Nuclear Receptor Modulators for Treatment of Metabolic Disorders: PPAR??, RORs, and Rev-erbs, Cell Metabolism, vol.19, issue.2, pp.193-208, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.009

P. Feldman, M. Lambert, and B. Henke, PPAR modulators and PPAR pan agonists for metabolic diseases: the next generation of drugs targeting peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors? Curr Top Med Chem, pp.728-777, 2008.

T. Huang, A. Teoh, and B. Lin, The role of herbal PPAR modulators in the treatment of cardiometabolic syndrome, Pharmacological Research, vol.60, issue.3, pp.195-206, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.03.020

M. Boon, S. Kooijman, and A. Van-dam, Peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor blockade activates brown adipose tissue and diminishes dyslipidemia and obesity, The FASEB Journal, vol.28, issue.12, 2014.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.13-247643

C. Meyers and M. Kashyap, Pharmacologic augmentation of high-density lipoproteins: mechanisms of currently available and emerging therapies, Current Opinion in Internal Medicine, vol.4, issue.5, pp.307-319, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.hco.0000167718.30076.24

P. Ricci, P. Blotière, and A. , Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire. Diabète traité: quelles évolutions entre, 2000.

I. Bourdel-marchasson, C. Helmer, and P. Barberger-gateau, Characteristics of undiagnosed diabetes in community-dwelling French elderly: The 3C study, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol.76, issue.2, pp.257-64, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.09.003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00173074

A. Aquitaine, Plan Stratégique Régional de Santé (PSRS), pp.2012-2016, 2012.

. Insee, Caractéristiques de la population en Aquitaine, 2012.

R. Bergman, M. Ader, and K. Huecking, Accurate assessment of beta-cell function: the hyperbolic correction, Diabetes. Février, issue.sup1, pp.51-212, 2002.

R. Defronzo, J. Tobin, and R. Andres, Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance, Am J Physiol. Septembre, vol.237, issue.3, pp.214-237, 1979.

G. Pacini and M. A. , Methods for clinical assessment of insulin sensitivity and ??-cell function, Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.17, issue.3, pp.305-327, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1521-690X(03)00042-3

M. Greenfield, L. Doberne, and F. Kraemer, Assessment of Insulin Resistance with the Insulin Suppression Test and the Euglycemic Clamp, Diabetes, vol.30, issue.5, pp.387-92, 1981.
DOI : 10.2337/diab.30.5.387

R. Bergman, I. Hope, and Y. Yang, Assessment of insulin sensitivity in vivo: A critical review, Diabetes / Metabolism Reviews, vol.36, issue.5, pp.411-440, 1989.
DOI : 10.1002/dmr.5610050501

J. Hosker, D. Matthews, and A. Rudenski, Continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment: measurement of insulin resistance and ?-cell function in man, Diabetologia, vol.285, issue.7, pp.401-412, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00280882

D. Matthews, J. Hosker, and A. Rudenski, Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and ?-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man, Diabetologia, vol.92, issue.7, pp.412-421, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00280883

D. Tripathy, P. Almgren, and T. Tuomi, Contribution of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and basal hepatic insulin sensitivity to surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care. Septembre, pp.2204-2214, 2004.

M. Matsuda and R. Defronzo, Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp, Diabetes Care, vol.22, issue.9, 1999.
DOI : 10.2337/diacare.22.9.1462

E. Bonora, P. Moghetti, and C. Zancanaro, Insulin Action in Man: Comparison of Insulin Tolerance Tests with Euglycemic and Hyperglycemic Glucose Clamp Studies*, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.68, issue.2, pp.374-382, 1989.
DOI : 10.1210/jcem-68-2-374

C. Bouché, L. Fetita, and J. Gautier, Comment évaluer la sensibilité à l'insuline chez l'homme ? Juin, 2009.

C. Spencer, M. Takeuchi, and M. Kazarosyan, Current status and performance goals for serum thyrotropin (TSH) assays, Clin Chem. Janvier, vol.42, issue.1, pp.140-145, 1996.

C. Spencer, M. Takeuchi, and M. Kazarosyan, Interlaboratory/intermethod differences in functional sensitivity of immunometric assays of thyrotropin (TSH) and impact on reliability of measurement of subnormal concentrations of TSH, Clin Chem. Mars, vol.41, issue.3, pp.367-74, 1995.

J. Schlienger, R. Sapin, and S. Vinzio, Qu'est ce??qu'un taux de??TSH ??lev???, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Sp??cialis??e, vol.22, issue.3, pp.160-166, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.immbio.2007.02.006

G. Brabant, K. Prank, and U. Ranft, Physiological Regulation of Circadian and Pulsatile Thyrotropin Secretion in Normal Man and Woman*, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.70, issue.2, pp.403-412, 1990.
DOI : 10.1210/jcem-70-2-403

D. Herbomez, M. Sapin, R. Gasser, and F. , Two centre evaluation of seven thyrotropin kits using luminescent detection, Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. Août, vol.35, issue.8, pp.609-624, 1997.

Z. Baloch, P. Carayon, and B. Conte-devolx, Laboratory medicine practice guidelines. Laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease, Thyroid Off J Am Thyroid Assoc. Janvier, vol.13, issue.1, pp.3-126, 2003.

R. Jorde and J. Sundsfjord, Serum TSH Levels in Smokers and Non-Smokers. The 5th Troms?? Study, Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, vol.114, issue.7, pp.343-350, 2006.
DOI : 10.1055/s-2006-924264

R. Scobbo, T. Vondohlen, and M. Hassan, Serum TSH variability in normal individuals: the influence of time of sample collection. The West Virginia Med J. Août, pp.138-180, 2004.

J. Attia, P. Margetts, and G. Guyatt, Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease in Hospitalized Patients, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.159, issue.7, pp.658-65, 1999.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.159.7.658

W. Tunbridge, D. Evered, and R. Hall, THE SPECTRUM OF THYROID DISEASE IN A COMMUNITY: THE WHICKHAM SURVEY, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.23, issue.6, pp.481-93, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)90709-9

M. Vanderpump, W. Tunbridge, and J. French, The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.7, issue.1, pp.55-68, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/sim.4780120902

M. Riniker, M. Tièche, and G. Lupi, PREVALENCE OF VARIOUS DEGREES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM AMONG PATIENTS OF A GENERAL MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.7, issue.1, pp.69-74, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(67)92235-0

G. Canaris, N. Manowitz, and G. Mayor, The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.160, issue.4, pp.526-560, 2000.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.160.4.526

H. Völzke, D. Alte, and T. Kohlmann, Reference Intervals of Serum Thyroid Function Tests in a Previously Iodine-Deficient Area, Thyroid, vol.15, issue.3, pp.279-85, 2005.
DOI : 10.1089/thy.2005.15.279

J. Hollowell, N. Staehling, and W. Flanders, , and Thyroid Antibodies in the United States Population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.87, issue.2, pp.489-99, 1988.
DOI : 10.1210/jcem.87.2.8182

A. Hak, H. Pols, and T. Visser, Subclinical Hypothyroidism Is an Independent Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Women: The Rotterdam Study, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.132, issue.4, pp.270-278, 2000.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00004

P. Valeix, D. Santos, C. Castetbon, and K. , Statut thyroïdien et fréquences des dysthyroïdies chez les adultes inclus dans l'étude SU.VI.MAX en 1994-1995. Annales d'endocrinologie, pp.65477-86, 2004.

D. Cooper, Subclinical Hypothyroidism, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.345, issue.4, pp.260-265, 2001.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM200107263450406

C. Roberts, P. Ladenson, and . Hypothyroidism, Hypothyroidism, The Lancet, vol.363, issue.9411, pp.793-803, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15696-1

G. Brenta and O. Fretes, Dyslipidemias and hypothyroidism, Pediatr Endocrinol Rev PER. Juin, vol.2014, issue.114, pp.390-399

A. Bindels, R. Westendorp, and M. Frölich, The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism at different total plasma cholesterol levels in middle aged men and women: a need for case-finding?, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.23, issue.2, pp.217-237, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00638.x

B. Tanis, G. Westendorp, and H. Smelt, Effect of thyroid substitution on hypercholesterolaemia in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a reanalysis of intervention studies, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.44, issue.6, pp.643-652, 1996.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.739560.x

M. Danese, P. Ladenson, and C. Meinert, Clinical review 115: effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: a quantitative review of the literature, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Septembre, vol.85, issue.9, pp.2993-3001, 2000.

F. Aubart, M. Gautier, and C. Jublanc, Hypothyroïdie et risque cardiovasculaire : principaux messages pour le clinicien. STV. Janvier, pp.318-342, 2005.

N. Rodondi, D. Aujesky, and E. Vittinghoff, Subclinical Hypothyroidism and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.119, issue.7, pp.541-51, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.028

L. Chaker, C. Baumgartner, and M. Ikram, Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.88, issue.8, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s10654-014-9946-8

M. Fraczek and K. ?acka, Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system, pp.170-174

B. Biondi, E. Palmieri, and G. Lombardi, Effects of Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction on the Heart, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.137, issue.11, pp.904-918, 2002.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-137-11-200212030-00011

J. Lima, . De, L. Nóbrega, and M. Nóbrega, Influ??ncia da fun????o tireoidiana nos n??veis s??ricos de CPK, Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, vol.56, issue.3, pp.190-194, 2012.
DOI : 10.1590/S0004-27302012000300007

F. Monzani, N. Caraccio, and G. Siciliano, Clinical and Biochemical Features of Muscle Dysfunction in Subclinical Hypothyroidism, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.82, issue.10, pp.3315-3323, 1997.
DOI : 10.1210/jcem.82.10.4296

H. Grabe, H. Völzke, and J. Lüdemann, Mental and physical complaints in thyroid disorders in the general population, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol.92, issue.4, pp.286-93, 2005.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00816.x

G. Bianchi, V. Zaccheroni, and E. Solaroli, Health-related quality of life in patients with thyroid disorders, Quality of Life Research, vol.13, issue.1, pp.45-54, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/B:QURE.0000015315.35184.66

S. Hammami, S. Mahjoub, B. Masoud, and A. , L'anémie au cours de l'hypothyroïdie (etude de 100 cas), Eurobiologiste Paris. Janvier, issue.272, pp.1-5, 2004.

P. Schmitz, D. Meijer, P. Meinders, and A. , Hyponatremia due to hypothyroidism: a pure renal mechanism, The Netherlands Journal of Medicine, vol.58, issue.3, pp.143-152, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0300-2977(01)00081-X

M. Battikh, S. Joobeur, B. Sayah, and M. , Le bilan thyroidien au cours des suspicions de syndrome d'apnées du sommeil. Rev Méd Suisse Romande, pp.427-436, 2004.

N. Fritsch, D. Tran-van, and E. Dardare, Le coma myxoedémateux existe, nous l'avons rencontré. Annales françaises d'anesthésie. Janvier, pp.795-803, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annfar.2007.03.009

M. Deschampheleire, F. Luychx, and A. Scheen, Dysthyroïdies et dyslipidémies, Rev Med Liege, vol.54, issue.9, pp.746-50, 1999.

F. Monzani, D. Bello, V. Caraccio, and N. , Effect of Levothyroxine on Cardiac Function and Structure in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.86, issue.3, pp.1110-1115, 2001.
DOI : 10.1210/jcem.86.3.7291

M. Vanderpump, Subclinical hypothyroidism: the case against treatment, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.14, issue.6, pp.262-268, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1043-2760(03)00103-6

J. Parle, P. Maisonneuve, and M. Sheppard, Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10-year cohort study, The Lancet, vol.358, issue.9285, pp.358861-358866, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06067-6

J. Auer, P. Scheibner, and T. Mische, Subclinical hyperthyroidism as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation, American Heart Journal, vol.142, issue.5, pp.838-880, 2001.
DOI : 10.1067/mhj.2001.119370

M. Helfand and C. Redfern, Screening for Thyroid Disease: An Update, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.129, issue.2, pp.144-58, 1998.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00020

M. Vanderpump, J. Ahlquist, and J. Franklyn, Consensus statement for good practice and audit measures in the management of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians of London, the Endocrinology and Diabetes Committee of the Royal College of Physicians of London, and the Society for Endocrinology, BMJ. Août, issue.7056, pp.313539-313583, 1996.

H. Gharib, R. Tuttle, and H. Baskin, Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction: A Joint Statement on Management from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Thyroid Association, and The Endocrine Society, Thyroid, vol.15, issue.1, pp.24-32, 2005.
DOI : 10.1089/thy.2005.15.24

H. Baskin, R. Cobin, and D. Duick, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS MEDICAL GUIDELINES FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE FOR THE EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM AND HYPOTHYROIDISM, Endocrine Practice, vol.8, issue.6, pp.457-69, 2002.
DOI : 10.4158/1934-2403-8.6.457

B. Goichot, F. Luca, and S. Vinzio, Dysthyroïdies frustes ou infracliniques. Médecine Thérapeutique, pp.5-6298, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.lpm.2011.09.009

P. Ladenson, P. Singer, and K. Ain, American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Detection of Thyroid Dysfunction, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.160, issue.11, pp.1573-1578, 2000.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.160.11.1573

C. Sawin, A. Geller, and J. Hershman, The aging thyroid. The use of thyroid hormone in older persons, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.261, issue.18, pp.2653-2658, 1989.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.261.18.2653

J. Garduño-garcia, J. De, U. Alvirde-garcia, and G. López-carrasco, TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects, European Journal of Endocrinology, vol.163, issue.2, pp.273-281, 2010.
DOI : 10.1530/EJE-10-0312

E. Maratou, D. Hadjidakis, and M. Peppa, Studies of insulin resistance in patients with clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism, European Journal of Endocrinology, vol.163, issue.4, pp.625-655, 2010.
DOI : 10.1530/EJE-10-0246

O. Deyneli, I. Akpmar, and Ö. Mericliler, Effects of levothyroxine treatment on insulin sensitivity, endothelial function and risk factors of atherosclerosis in hypothyroid women, Annales d'Endocrinologie, vol.75, issue.4
DOI : 10.1016/j.ando.2014.06.002

A. Handisurya, G. Pacini, and A. Tura, Effects of T4 replacement therapy on glucose metabolism in subjects with subclinical (SH) and overt hypothyroidism (OH), Clinical Endocrinology, vol.140, issue.6, pp.963-972, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03280.x

F. Amati, J. Dubé, and M. Stefanovic-racic, Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity Are Blunted by Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol.41, issue.2, pp.265-274, 2009.
DOI : 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318187c010

A. Roos, S. Bakker, and T. Links, Thyroid Function Is Associated with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Euthyroid Subjects, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.92, issue.2, pp.491-497, 2007.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2006-1718

S. A. Chubb, W. Davis, and Z. Inman, Prevalence and progression of subclinical hypothyroidism in women with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.6, issue.4, pp.480-486, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02088.x

L. Demitrost and S. Ranabir, Thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study, Indian J Endocrinol Metab. Décembre, vol.2012, issue.16 2, pp.334-339

J. Díez, P. Sánchez, and P. Iglesias, Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, vol.119, issue.04, pp.201-208, 2011.
DOI : 10.1055/s-0031-1271691

L. Distiller, E. Polakow, and B. Joffe, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism: the possible influence of metformin therapy, Diabetic Medicine, vol.6, issue.Supp 2, pp.172-177
DOI : 10.1111/dme.12342

I. Tereshchenko and A. Suslina, Thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ter Arkhiv, pp.119-142, 2014.

G. Dimitriadis, P. Mitrou, and V. Lambadiari, Insulin Action in Adipose Tissue and Muscle in Hypothyroidism, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.91, issue.12, pp.914930-914937, 2006.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2006-0478

A. Godini, A. Ghasemi, and N. Karbalaei, The effect of thyroidectomy and propylthiouracilinduced hypothyroidism on insulin secretion in male rats, Horm Metab Res. Septembre, vol.46, issue.10, pp.710-716, 2014.

M. Ritter, C. Kannan, and J. Bagdade, The effects of hypothyroidism and replacement therapy on cholesteryl ester transfer, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Janvier, vol.81, issue.2, pp.797-800, 1996.

F. Pazos, J. Alvarez, and J. Rubies-prat, Long term thyroid replacement therapy and levels of lipoprotein(a) and other lipoproteins, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Janvier, vol.80, issue.2, pp.562-568, 1995.

C. Robison, T. Bair, and B. Horne, Hypothyroidism as a risk factor for statin intolerance, J Clin Lipidol. Août, vol.2014, issue.84, pp.401-408

A. Kuchmin, S. Chernov, and A. Teslia, Resistant hypercholesteremia in clinical practice: new insight into the causes and methods of treatment. Voen-Meditsinski? Zhurnal, pp.25-30, 2010.

P. Duriez, Mechanisms of actions of statins and fibrates. Thérapie. Février, pp.5-14, 2003.

R. Krysiak, W. Gilowski, and W. Szkrobka, Different Effects of Fenofibrate on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Mixed Dyslipidemic Women With Normal Thyroid Function and Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Cardiovascular Therapeutics, vol.31, issue.Pt 2, pp.264-273, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/1755-5922.12095

G. Kolovou, K. Anagnostopoulou, and P. Kostakou, Primary and Secondary Hypertriglyceridaemia, Current Drug Targets, vol.10, issue.4, pp.336-379, 2009.
DOI : 10.2174/138945009787846452

L. Lindholm, Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial, Lancet. Janvier, issue.9374, pp.3612000-3612001, 2003.

. Invs and E. Etude, Résultats épidémiologiques principaux d'Entredmétropole, SERMENT MEDICAL, 2007.