H. >3, incidence des douleurs faibles (EN < 3) à la sortie de SSPI, l'incidence des douleurs modérées à sévères au repos au cours du séjour en SSPI

. Le-taux-d, utilisation d'antihyperalgésiques (kétamine, dexaméthasone), et la répartition des antalgiques opioïdes (tramadol, morphine et nubain) et non opioïdes (paracétamol, néfopam et kétoprofène) utilisés étaient également analysés

S. Douleur-postopératoire-en and H. L. Douleur-au-repos-À, intensité de la douleur au repos à H 0 était notre critère principal et a été renseignée dans 10090 (95,2 %) questionnaires, Le Tableau, vol.10

L. Douleur-au-repos, 1 %) patients, dont 205 (6,3 %) patients hospitalisés en ambulatoire et 812 (11,8 %) patients hospitalisés en hospitalisation traditionnelle9 %) patients ayant bénéficié d'une technique d'ALR ont présenté des douleurs modérées à sévères, Seuls, vol.1012, issue.702, p.1017

L. Douleur-Était-sévère-chez, 9 %) patients dont 33 (1 %) patients d'ambulatoire et 158 (2,3 %) patients non ambulatoires. Chez les patients ayant bénéficié d'une technique d'ALR, seuls 11 patients (0,5 %) ont présenté des douleurs d'intensité sévère. Chez les patients n'ayant pas bénéficié d'ALR

L. Douleur-au-repos-À-la-sortie-de and S. Était, %) patients, soit chez 18 (0,6 %) patients d'ambulatoire et chez 47 (0,7 %) patients en hospitalisation conventionnelle. Seuls 5 (0,2 %) patients ayant bénéficié d'une technique d'ALR ont présenté des douleurs modérées à sévères à la sortie contre 58

L. Douleur-de-sortie-Était-«-faible and ». , EN < 3) chez 9598 (97,4 %) patients au total, dont 3154 (98,6 %) patients hospitalisés en ambulatoire et chez 2379 (90 %) des patients ayant bénéficié d'une ALR. REFERENCES [1] Recommandations formalisées d'experts 2008. Prise en charge de la douleur postopératoire chez l'adulte et l'enfant, Ann Fr Anesth Réanimation, vol.27, pp.1035-1076, 2008.

C. N° and D. Dh, 586 du 24 septembre 1998 relative à la mise en oeuvre du Plan d'action triennal de lutte contre la douleur dans les établissements de santé publics et privés

D. /. Circulaire, relative à la mise en oeuvre du programme national de lutte contre la douleur 2002-2005 dans les établissements de santé. [4] Société française de santé publique. Évaluation du Plan triennal de lutte contre la douleur, 1998.

L. Ministère-de, . Santé, . Des-solidarités, M. Cousins, F. Brennan et al., Plan d'amélioration de la prise en charge de la douleur Pain relief: a universal human right, Pain, vol.112, pp.1-4, 2004.

. Loi, relative aux droits des malades et à la qualité du système de santé, 2002.

H. Autorité-de-santé-brennan, F. Carr, D. Cousins, and M. , Référentiel de Pratiques Professionnelles Prise en charge de la douleur postopératoire, 2005.

D. Lohman, R. Schleifer, and J. Amon, Access to pain treatment as a human right, BMC Medicine, vol.24, issue.1, p.8, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S0885-3924(02)00458-X

URL : http://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-8

S. Johnson, Legal and Ethical Perspectives on Pain Management, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.105, issue.1, pp.5-7, 2007.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ane.0000268148.38688.e7

M. Cousins and M. Lynch, The Declaration Montreal: Access to pain management is a fundamental human right, Pain, vol.152, issue.12, pp.2673-2677, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pain.2011.09.012

J. Apfelbaum, C. Chen, S. Mehta, and T. Gan, Postoperative Pain Experience: Results from a National Survey Suggest Postoperative Pain Continues to Be Undermanaged, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.97, issue.2, pp.534-574, 2003.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ANE.0000068822.10113.9E

D. Fletcher, C. Fermanian, A. Mardaye, and P. Aegerter, A patient-based national survey on postoperative pain management in France reveals significant achievements and persistent challenges, Pain, vol.137, issue.2, pp.441-51, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pain.2008.02.026

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00320583

C. Maier, N. Nestler, H. Richter, W. Hardinghaus, E. Pogatzki-zahn et al., The Quality of Pain Management in German Hospitals, Dtsch Ärztebl Int, vol.107, pp.607-621, 2010.

C. Kalkman, K. Visser, J. Moen, G. Bonsel, D. Grobbee et al., Preoperative prediction of severe postoperative pain, Pain, vol.105, issue.3, pp.415-438, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00252-5

B. Mcgrath, H. Elgendy, F. Chung, D. Kamming, B. Curti et al., Trente pour cent des patients ont des douleurs mod??r??es ?? s??v??res, 24 h apr??s la chirurgie ambulatoire : Une enqu??te aupr??s de 5 703 patients, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, vol.9, issue.2, pp.886-91, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03018885

P. White and H. Kehlet, Improving Pain Management: Are We Jumping from the Frying Pan into the Fire?, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.105, issue.1, pp.10-12, 2007.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ane.0000268392.05157.a8

H. Vila, R. Smith, M. Augustyniak, P. Nagi, R. Soto et al., The Efficacy and Safety of Pain Management Before and After Implementation of Hospital-Wide Pain Management Standards: Is Patient Safety Compromised by Treatment Based Solely on Numerical Pain Ratings?, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.101, issue.2, pp.474-80, 2005.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ANE.0000155970.45321.A8

B. Dalens and A. Serrie, Physiologie, physiopathologie et évaluation de la douleur. Traité Anesth, Générale. Arnette, pp.295-312, 2004.

S. A. Schug and E. M. Pogatzki-zahn, Chronic pain after surgery or injury, Pain Clin Updat, 2011.

G. Joshi and B. Ogunnaike, Consequences of Inadequate Postoperative Pain Relief and Chronic Persistent Postoperative Pain, Anesthesiology Clinics of North America, vol.23, issue.1, pp.21-36, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atc.2004.11.013

P. Macintyre, S. Schug, D. Scott, E. Visser, and S. Walker, APM:SE Working Group of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Faculty of Pain Medicine

J. Katz and Z. Seltzer, Transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain: risk factors and protective factors, Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, vol.9, issue.5, pp.723-767, 2009.
DOI : 10.1586/ern.09.20

H. Kehlet, T. Jensen, and C. Woolf, Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention, The Lancet, vol.367, issue.9522, pp.1618-1643, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68700-X

W. Macrae, Chronic post-surgical pain: 10 years on, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.101, issue.1, pp.77-86, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aen099

V. Martinez, S. Baudic, and D. Fletcher, Douleurs chroniques postchirurgicales, Annales Fran??aises d'Anesth??sie et de R??animation, vol.32, issue.6, pp.422-457, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annfar.2013.04.012

C. Harstall and M. Ospina, How prevalent is chronic pain?, Pain Clin Updat, pp.1-4, 2003.

V. Martinez, S. Baudic, and D. Fletcher, Douleurs chroniques postchirurgicales, Annales Fran??aises d'Anesth??sie et de R??animation, vol.32, issue.6, pp.422-457, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annfar.2013.04.012

M. Wallace, A. Wallace, J. Lee, and M. Dobke, Pain after breast surgery: a survey of 282 women, Pain, vol.66, issue.2, pp.195-205, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3959(96)03064-3

O. Belze, F. Remerand, J. Laulan, A. B. Rion, M. Laffon et al., Chronic pain after carpal tunnel surgery: Epidemiology and associated factors, Annales Fran??aises d'Anesth??sie et de R??animation, vol.31, issue.12, pp.269-74, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annfar.2012.08.009

E. Visser, Chronic post-surgical pain: Epidemiology and clinical implications for acute pain management, Acute Pain, vol.8, issue.2, pp.73-81, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.acpain.2006.05.002

F. Perkins and H. Kehlet, Chronic Pain as an Outcome of Surgery, Anesthesiology, vol.93, issue.4, pp.1123-1156, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200010000-00038

M. Lee, S. Silverman, H. Hansen, V. Patel, and L. Manchikanti, A comprehensive review of opioid-induced hyperalgesia, Pain Physician, vol.14, pp.145-61, 2011.

K. Ho, T. Gan, and A. Habib, Gabapentin and postoperative pain ??? a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, Pain, vol.126, issue.1, pp.91-101, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pain.2006.06.018

N. Waldron, C. Jones, T. Gan, T. Allen, and A. Habib, Impact of perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative analgesia and side-effects: systematic review and meta-analysis, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.110, issue.2, pp.191-200, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aes431

A. Rodgers, N. Walker, S. Schug, A. Mckee, H. Kehlet et al., Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: results from overview of randomised, BMJ, vol.321, issue.7275, p.1493, 2000.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.321.7275.1493

J. Rigg, K. Jamrozik, P. Myles, B. Silbert, P. Peyton et al., Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: a randomised trial, The Lancet, vol.359, issue.9314, pp.1276-82, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08266-1

Y. Park, W. Thompson, J. Lee, and K. , Effect of Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia on Perioperative Outcome, Annals of Surgery, vol.234, issue.4, pp.560-71, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00000658-200110000-00015

D. Bouhassira, N. Attal, H. Alchaar, F. Boureau, B. Brochet et al., Comparison of pain syndromes associated with nervous or somatic lesions and development of a new neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4), Pain, vol.114, issue.1, pp.29-36, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.010

P. Macintyre, S. Schug, D. Scott, E. Visser, and S. Walker, APM:SE Working Group of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Faculty of Pain Medicine

A. Williamson and B. Hoggart, Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales, Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol.16, issue.7, pp.798-804, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01121.x

D. Wilmore and H. Kehlet, Recent advances: Management of patients in fast track surgery, BMJ, vol.322, issue.7284, pp.473-479, 2001.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.322.7284.473

G. Jamtvedt, J. Young, D. Kristoffersen, O. Thomson, M. Brien et al., Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes, Cochrane Database Syst Rev Jun, vol.136, issue.1, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/14651858.CD000259.pub2

A. Belbachir, D. Fletcher, and F. Larue, Prise en charge de la douleur postop??ratoire??: ??valuation et am??lioration de la qualit??, Annales Fran??aises d'Anesth??sie et de R??animation, vol.28, issue.1, pp.1-12, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annfar.2008.11.011

. Société-française-d, Anesthésie Réanimation. Recommandations Formalisées d'Experts « Prise en charge anesthésique des patients en hospitalisation ambulatoire, 2009.

C. Castoro, L. Bertinato, U. Baccaglini, C. Drace, M. Mckee et al., Day surgery: making it happen, 2007.

F. Chung, E. Ritchie, and J. Su, Postoperative Pain in Ambulatory Surgery, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.85, issue.4, pp.808-824, 1997.
DOI : 10.1213/00000539-199710000-00017

N. Rawal, Postoperative pain treatment for ambulatory surgery, Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, vol.21, issue.1, pp.129-177, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bpa.2006.11.005

D. Pavlin, C. Chen, D. Penaloza, N. Polissar, and F. Buckley, Pain as a Factor Complicating Recovery and Discharge After Ambulatory Surgery, Anesth Analg, vol.95, pp.627-661, 2002.

L. Beauregard, A. Pomp, and M. Choinière, Severity and impact of pain after day-surgery, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.79, issue.4
DOI : 10.1007/BF03012019

P. White, H. Kehlet, J. Neal, T. Schricker, D. Carr et al., The Role of the Anesthesiologist in Fast-Track Surgery: From Multimodal Analgesia to Perioperative Medical Care, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.104, issue.6, pp.1380-96, 2007.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ane.0000263034.96885.e1

N. Rawal, J. Hylander, R. Nydahl, I. Olofsson, and A. Gupta, Survey of postoperative analgesia following ambulatory surgery, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, vol.24, issue.2, pp.1017-1039, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04829.x

D. Pavlin, C. Chen, D. Penaloza, and F. Buckley, A survey of pain and other symptoms that affect the recovery process after discharge from an ambulatory surgery unit, Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol.16, issue.3, pp.200-206, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jclinane.2003.08.004

O. Elvir-lazo and P. White, Postoperative Pain Management After Ambulatory Surgery: Role of Multimodal Analgesia, Anesthesiology Clinics, vol.28, issue.2, pp.217-241, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anclin.2010.02.011

P. White and H. Kehlet, Postoperative Pain Management and Patient Outcome: Time to Return to Work!, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.104, issue.3, pp.487-496, 2007.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ane.0000258221.89383.61

S. Liu and C. Wu, Effect of Postoperative Analgesia on Major Postoperative Complications: A Systematic Update of the Evidence, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.104, issue.3, pp.689-702, 2007.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ane.0000255040.71600.41

B. Kolanek, L. Svartz, R. F. Boutin, F. Beylacq, L. Lasserre et al., Management program decreases postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk and in general surgical patients: a quality improvement cycle, Minerva Anestesiol, vol.80, pp.337-383, 2014.

F. Aubrun, N. Valade, P. Coriat, and B. Riou, Predictive Factors of Severe Postoperative Pain in the Postanesthesia Care Unit, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.106, issue.5, pp.1535-1576, 2008.
DOI : 10.1213/ane.0b013e318168b2ce

A. Belbachir, Pourquoi développer l'autoévaluation ? Congrès Natl. Anesth. Réanimation, pp.793-807, 2008.

H. Gerbershagen, J. Rothaug, C. Kalkman, and W. Meissner, Determination of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain on the numeric rating scale: a cut-off point analysis applying four different methods, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.107, issue.4, pp.619-645, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aer195

S. Collins, R. Moore, and H. Mcquay, The visual analogue pain intensity scale: what is moderate pain in millimetres?, Pain, vol.72, issue.1, pp.95-102, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3959(97)00005-5

C. Bodian, G. Freedman, S. Hossain, J. Eisenkraft, and Y. Beilin, The Visual Analog Scale for Pain, Anesthesiology, vol.95, issue.6, pp.1356-61, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200112000-00013

M. Abrahams, M. Aziz, R. Fu, and J. Horn, Ultrasound guidance compared with electrical neurostimulation for peripheral nerve block: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.102, issue.3, pp.408-425, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aen384

K. Janssen, C. Kalkman, D. Grobbee, G. Bonsel, K. Moons et al., The Risk of Severe Postoperative Pain: Modification and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.107, issue.4, pp.1330-1339, 2008.
DOI : 10.1213/ane.0b013e31818227da