A. Teulières, La guerre du Vietnam 1945-1975, 256 pages, éditions lavauzelle. [4] http://vovworld.vn/fr-ch/Decouverte-du-Vietnam/Kilometre-Zero-point-de-depart-de-la- piste-legendaire, 1978.

M. Robin, Le monde selon monsanto, 385 pages, Arte éditions, 2011.

J. M. Stellman, A Geographic Information System for Characterizing Exposure to Agent Orange and Other Herbicides in Vietnam, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.111, issue.3, 2003.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.5755

P. Tuu-boi, T. Q. Dung, and L. Van-cham, Effects of chemical warfare upon Vietnamese forest resources (1961-1971), Vietnam-United States Scientific Conference on Human Health and Environmental Effects of Agent Orange, pp.3-6, 2002.

. Dwernychuk, Dioxin reservoirs in southern Viet Nam???A legacy of Agent Orange, Chemosphere, vol.47, issue.2, pp.37-117, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00300-9

R. Baughman and M. Meselson, An analytical method for detecting TCDD (dioxin): levels of TCDD in samples from Vietnam, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.5, pp.25-37, 1973.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.730527

A. Schecter, B. Eitzer, and R. Hites, Chlorinated dioxin and dibenzofuran levels in sediments collected from rivers in Vietnam, 1984-6, Chemosphere, vol.18, issue.1-6, pp.831-834, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-6535(89)90204-X

A. Schecter, L. Dai, L. Thuy, H. Quynh, D. Minh et al., Agent Orange and the Vietnamese: the persistence of elevated dioxin levels in human tissues., American Journal of Public Health, vol.85, issue.4, pp.516-522, 1995.
DOI : 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.516

A. Schecter, J. Ryan, Y. Masuda, P. Brandt-rauf, J. Constable et al., Chlorinated and brominated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissue following exposure, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.102, issue.Suppl 1, pp.135-147, 1994.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.94102s1135

R. Baughman and M. Meselson, An analytical method for detecting TCDD (dioxin): levels of TCDD in samples from Vietnam, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.5, pp.27-35, 1973.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.730527

R. Saracci, M. Kogevinas, P. Bertazzi, B. Bueno-de-mesquita, D. Coggon et al., Cancer mortality in workers exposed to chlorophenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols, The Lancet, vol.338, issue.8774, pp.1027-1032, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91898-5

O. Päpke, PCDD/PCDF: human background data for Germany, a 10-year experience, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.106, issue.Suppl 2, pp.723-731, 1998.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.98106723

H. Kiviranta, T. Vartiainen, M. Verta, J. Tuomisto, and J. Tuomisto, High fish-specific dioxin concentrations in Finland, The Lancet, vol.355, issue.9218, pp.1883-1885, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02296-0

B. Svensson, A. Nilsson, M. Hansson, C. Rappe, B. Akesson et al., Exposure to Dioxins and Dibenzofurans through the Consumption of Fish, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.324, issue.1, pp.8-12, 1991.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199101033240102

J. Wittsiepe, P. Schrey, U. Ewers, F. Selenka, and M. Wilhelm, Decrease of PCDD/F levels in human blood from Germany over the past ten years (1989???1998), Chemosphere, vol.40, issue.9-11, pp.1103-1109, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00359-8

C. Koopman-esseboom, M. Huisman, N. Weisglas-kuperus, E. Boersma, M. De-ridder et al., Dioxin and PCB levels in blood and human milk in relation to living areas in the Netherlands, Chemosphere, vol.29, issue.9-11, pp.2327-2338, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90401-4

A. Zober, P. Messerer, and P. Huber, Thirty-four-year mortality follow-up of BASF employees exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD after the 1953 accident, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol.7, issue.5, pp.139-157, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00383591

P. A. Bertazzi, A. C. Pesatori, and C. Zocchetti, Dioxin: an example ofenvironmental medicine Epidemiologic data as guidelines for health programming, Seveso, pp.194-19633948, 1998.

P. Mocarelli, A. Marocchi, P. Brambilla, P. Gerthoux, D. S. Young et al., Clinical laboratory manifestations of exposure to dioxin in children. A six-year study of the effects of an environmental disaster near Seveso, Italy, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.256, issue.19, pp.2687-2695, 1986.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.256.19.2687

L. G. Hudson, W. A. Toscano, and W. F. Greenlee, Regulation of epidermal growth factor binding in a human keratinocyte cell line by 2, pp.8-251, 1985.

K. Steenland, L. Piacitelli, J. Deddens, M. Fingerhut, and L. I. Chang, Cancer, Heart Disease, and Diabetes in Workers Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol.91, issue.9, pp.779-86, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/jnci/91.9.779

H. Becher, F. Janys, D. Kauppinen, T. Kogevinas, M. Steindorf et al., Cancer mortality in German male workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides and dioxins, Cancer Causes and Control, vol.25, issue.3, pp.312-321, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00052936

H. B. Bueno-de-mesquita, G. Doornbos, D. A. Van-der-kuip, M. Kogevinas, and R. Winkelmann, Occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols and cancer mortality in the Netherlands, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.62, issue.2, pp.289-300, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/ajim.4700230206

R. R. Suskind and V. S. Hertzberg, Human health effects of 2,4,5-T and its toxic contaminants, pp.2372-2380, 1984.

R. H. Roegner, W. D. Grubbs, M. B. Lustik, A. S. Brockman, and S. C. Henderson, Air Force Health Study : an epidemiologic investigation of health effects in Air Force personnel following exposure to herbicides, pp.237-524, 1991.

J. Bleiberg, M. Wallen, R. Brodkin, and I. L. Applebaum, Industrially Acquired Porphyria, Archives of Dermatology, vol.89, issue.6, pp.793-797, 1964.
DOI : 10.1001/archderm.1964.01590300021006

M. G. Ott, A. Zober, and C. Germann, Laboratory results for selected target organs in 138 individuals occupationally exposed to TCDD, Chemosphere, vol.29, issue.9-11, pp.9-11, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90411-1

A. Baccarelli, P. Mocarelli, D. G. Patterson, M. Bonzini, A. C. Pesatori et al., Immunologic Effects of Dioxin: New Results from Seveso and Comparison with Other Studies, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.110, issue.12, pp.12-1169, 2002.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.021101169

J. Vena, P. Boffetta, H. Becher, T. Benn, H. B. Bueno-de-mesquita et al., Exposure to dioxin and nonneoplastic mortality in the expanded IARC international cohort study of phenoxy herbicide and chlorophenol production workers and sprayers, pp.645-653, 1998.

M. Hooiveld, D. J. Heederik, M. Kogevinas, P. Boffetta, L. L. Needham et al., Second Follow-up of a Dutch Cohort Occupationally Exposed to Phenoxy Herbicides, Chlorophenols, and Contaminants, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.147, issue.9, pp.891-901, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009543

D. Flesch-janys, J. Berger, P. Gurn, A. Manz, S. Nagel et al., Exposure to polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) and mortality in a cohort of workers from a herbicide-producing plant in Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, vol.142, issue.11, pp.1165-1175, 1995.

J. E. Michalek, A. J. Rahe, and C. A. Boyle, Paternal Dioxin and the Sex of Children Fathered by Veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, Epidemiology, vol.9, issue.4, pp.474-475, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00001648-199807000-00023

A. C. Pesatori, C. Zocchetti, S. Guercilena, D. Consonni, D. Turrini et al., Dioxin exposure and non-malignant health effects: a mortality study, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.55, issue.2, pp.126-131, 1998.
DOI : 10.1136/oem.55.2.126

G. M. Calvert, M. H. Sweeney, J. Deddens, and D. K. Wall, Evaluation of diabetes mellitus, serum glucose, and thyroid function among United States workers exposed to 2, Am J Ind Med, vol.37, issue.25, pp.8-559, 1999.

R. J. Kociba, D. G. Keyes, J. E. Beyer, R. M. Carreon, C. E. Wade et al., Results of a two-year chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.46, issue.2, pp.279-303, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(78)90075-3

K. Toth, S. Somfai-relle, J. Sugar, and J. Bence, Carcinogenicity testing of herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyethanol containing dioxin and of pure dioxin in Swiss mice, Nature, vol.80, issue.5704, pp.5704-548, 1979.
DOI : 10.1038/271597a0

R. Green, N. Hodges, and J. Chipman, Reactive oxygen species from the uncoupling of human cytochrome P450 1B1 may contribute to the carcinogenicity of dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls, Mutagenesis, 2008.

S. Ray and H. Swanson, Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by TCDD inhibits senescence: A tumor promoting event?, Biochemical Pharmacology, vol.77, issue.4, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.11.022

E. Dere, D. Boverhof, L. Burgoon, and T. Zacharewski, In vivo-in vitro toxicogenomic comparison of TCDD-elicited gene expression in Hepa1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells and C57BL/6 hepatic tissue, BMC Genomics, 2006.

A. Thornton, Y. Oda, and G. Stuart, Mutagenicity of TCDD in Big Blue?? transgenic rats, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, vol.478, issue.1-2, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0027-5107(01)00105-1

W. Wolfe, J. Michalek, J. Miner, A. Rahe, C. Moore et al., PATERNAL SERUM DIOXIN AND REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES AMONG VETERANS OF OPERATION RANCH HAND, Epidemiology, vol.6, issue.1, 1995.
DOI : 10.1097/00001648-199501000-00005

A. Bertazzi, A. Pesatori, D. Consonni, A. Tironi, M. Landi et al., Cancer Incidence in a Population Accidentally Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin, Epidemiology, vol.4, issue.5, pp.398-406, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00001648-199309000-00004

M. Fingerhut, W. Halperin, D. Marlow, L. Piacitelli, P. Honchar et al., Cancer Mortality in Workers Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.324, issue.4, pp.212-218, 1991.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199101243240402

M. Kogan and R. Clapp, Soft Tissue Sarcoma Mortality Among Vietnam Veterans in Massachusetts, 1972 to 1983, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.17, issue.1, pp.39-43, 1972.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/17.1.39

V. Giri, A. Cassidy, J. Beebe-dimmer, L. Ellis, D. Smith et al., Association between Agent Orange and prostate cancer: a pilot case-control study, Urology, vol.63, issue.4, pp.757-760, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2003.11.044

K. Chamie, D. White, R. Lee, D. Ok, J. Ellison et al., Agent Orange exposure, Vietnam War veterans, and the risk of prostate cancer, Cancer, vol.58, issue.6 pt 2, pp.2464-70, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/cncr.23695

N. Ansbaugh, J. Shannon, M. Mori, P. Farris, and M. Garzotto, Agent Orange as a risk factor for high-grade prostate cancer, Cancer, vol.166, issue.13, pp.2399-2404, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/cncr.27941

M. Pavuk, J. Michalek, A. Schecter, N. Ketchum, F. Akhtar et al., Did TCDD Exposure or Service in Southeast Asia Increase the Risk of Cancer in Air Force Vietnam Veterans Who Did Not Spray Agent Orange?, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.47, issue.4, pp.335-342, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.jom.0000158739.56427.24

J. Erickson, J. Mulinare, P. Mcclain, T. Fitch, L. James et al., Vietnam Veterans' Risks for Fathering Babies With Birth Defects, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.252, issue.7, pp.903-912, 1984.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1984.03350070021017

V. Garry, D. Schreinemachers, M. Harkins, and J. Griffith, Pesticide appliers, biocides, and birth defects in rural Minnesota, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.104, issue.4, pp.394-409, 1996.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.96104394

A. Ngo, R. Taylor, C. Roberts, and T. Nguyen, Association between Agent Orange and birth defects: systematic review and meta-analysis, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.35, issue.5, pp.1220-1230, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dyl038

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.586.7253

A. Ngo, R. Taylor, and C. Roberts, Paternal exposure to Agent Orange and spina bifida: a meta-analysis, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.47, issue.1, pp.37-44, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s10654-009-9401-4

D. Le, T. Nguyen, T. Tran, and T. Nguyen, An estimate of the incidence of birth defects, hydatidiform mole and fetal death in utero between 1952 and 1985 at the obstretrical and gynecological hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, Republic of Vietnam, Chemosphere, vol.18, pp.1-6, 1989.

J. Jacobson and S. Jacobson, Intellectual Impairment in Children Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Utero, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.335, issue.11, pp.783-789, 1996.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199609123351104

Y. Chen, Y. Guo, C. Hsu, and W. Rogan, Cognitive development of Yu-Cheng ("oil disease") children prenatally exposed to heat-degraded PCBs, JAMA, issue.22, pp.268-3213, 1992.

P. Mocarelli, P. Brambilla, P. Gerthoux, D. Patterson, J. Needham et al., Change in sex ratio with exposure to dioxin, The Lancet, vol.348, issue.9024, pp.348-409, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)65030-1

L. E. Gray, W. R. Kelce, E. Monosson, J. S. Ostby, and L. S. Birnbaum, Exposure to TCDD During Development Permanently Alters Reproductive Function in Male Long-Evans Rats and Hamsters: Reduced Ejaculated and Epididymal Sperm Numbers and Sex Accessory Gland Weights in Offspring with Normal Androgenic Status, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.131, issue.1, pp.108-118, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1995.1052

Y. W. Chung and L. G. Clemens, Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls on Development of Female Sexual Behavior, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.62, issue.6, pp.664-670, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s001289900925

H. M. Theobald and R. E. Peterson, In Uteroand Lactational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-??-dioxin: Effects on Development of the Male and Female Reproductive System of the Mouse, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.145, issue.1, pp.124-135, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1997.8173

W. P. Mcnulty, Toxicity and fetotoxicity of TCDD, TCDF and PCB isomers in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.60, pp.77-88, 1985.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.856077

R. E. Peterson, H. M. Theobald, and G. L. Kimmel, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Dioxins and Related Compounds: Cross-Species Comparisons, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, vol.22, issue.3, pp.283-335, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0041-008X(76)90183-6

J. M. Peters, M. G. Narotsky, G. Elizondo, P. M. Fernandez_salguero, F. J. Gonzalez et al., Amelioration of TCDD-induced teratogenesis in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-null mice, Toxicological Sciences, vol.47, issue.1, pp.86-92, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/47.1.86

H. Huuskonen, M. Unkila, R. Pohjanvirta, and J. Tuomisto, Developmental Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the Most TCDD-Resistant and -Susceptible Rat Strains, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.124, issue.2, pp.174-180, 1994.
DOI : 10.1006/taap.1994.1021

S. Sinkkonen and J. Paasivirta, Degradation half-life times of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs for environmental fate modeling, Chemosphere, vol.40, issue.9-11, pp.9-11, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00337-9

V. Shatalov, A. Malanichev, N. Vulykh, T. Berg, and S. Mano, Assessment of POP transport and accumulation in the environment. Meteorological synthesizing Centre East -Chemical co-ordination centre, Convention on long -range transboundary air pollution, EMEP. Moscow, Russia, 2002.

R. A. Roeder, M. J. Garber, and G. T. Schelling, Assessment of dioxins in foods from animal origins., Journal of Animal Science, vol.76, issue.1, pp.142-151, 1998.
DOI : 10.2527/1998.761142x

M. S. Mclachlan, A simple model to predict accumulation of PCDD/Fs in an agricultural food chain, Chemosphere, vol.34, issue.5-7, pp.1263-1276, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00424-4

U. Epa, Exposure and human health reassessment of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related compounds -Part III: Integrated summary and risk characterization for 2, p.8, 2000.

F. Matsumura and H. Benezet, Studies on the Bioaccumulation and Microbial Degradation of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.5, pp.253-259, 1973.
DOI : 10.2307/3428136

J. A. Bumpus, M. Tien, D. Wright, and S. D. Aust, Oxidation of persistent environmental pollutants by a white rot fungus, Science, vol.228, issue.4706, pp.1434-1436, 1986.
DOI : 10.1126/science.3925550

P. C. Kearney, A. R. Isensee, C. S. Helling, E. A. Woolsen, and J. R. Plimmer, Environmental Significance of Chlorodioxins, Adv Chem Ser, vol.120, pp.105-111, 1971.
DOI : 10.1021/ba-1973-0120.ch011

C. E. Orazio, S. Kapila, R. K. Puri, and A. F. Yanders, Persistence of chlorinated dioxins and furans in the soil environment, Chemosphere, vol.25, issue.7-10, pp.1469-1474, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90171-M

&. Hatfield-consultants and . Office, Environmental and Human Health Assessment of Dioxin Contamination at Bien Hoa Airbase, Viet Nam Comprehensive Assessment of Dioxin Contamination in Da Nang Airport, Viet Nam: Environmental Levels, Human Exposure and Options for Mitigating Impacts [120] ATSDR, Toxicological profile for chlorinated dibenzo-P-dioxins (update), 1998.

P. Schuk, Agent Orange on trial Mass toxic disasters in the courts, 1987.

C. R. Bailey and A. Institute, Delivering Services to People with Disabilities Associated with Exposure to Dioxin in Vietnam [128] congrès des Etats-Unis (2014), Veteran's disability compensation : trends and policy options, U.S.-Vietnam Relations in 2014: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. PolicyMark [130] Vietnamese Victims of Agent Orange and U.S.-Vietnam Relations Michael F. MartinSpecialist in Asian Affairs, 2012.

T. Tuyet-hanh, . Thi, . Vu-anh, . Le, M. P. Dunne et al., Fiona (2013) Knowledge, attitudes and practices to reduce exposure among residents living near Danang dioxin hot spot : 2.5 years after a preventative intervention, International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, 2015.