T. Connor and M. Mcdiarmid, Preventing Occupational Exposures to Antineoplastic Drugs in Health Care Settings, CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol.56, issue.6, pp.354-65, 2006.
DOI : 10.3322/canjclin.56.6.354

K. Falck, P. Gröhn, M. Sorsa, H. Vainio, E. Heinonen et al., Mutagenicity in urine of nurses handling cytostatic drugs Preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in healthcare settings, Lancet. DHHS NIOSH, vol.1165, issue.8128, pp.1250-1251, 1979.

F. Sadeghipour, K. Lorenzini, C. Ziewitz, M. Dobrinas, M. Fleury et al., Chemical contamination during the preparation of cytotoxics: Validation protocol for operators in hospital pharmacies, Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, vol.22, issue.1, pp.57-64, 2013.
DOI : 10.1191/1078155205jp155oa

S. Spivey and T. Connor, Determining Sources of Workplace Contamination with Antineoplastic Drugs and Comparing Conventional IV Drug Preparation with a Closed System, Hosp Pharm, vol.38, issue.2, pp.135-144, 2003.

B. Kopp, R. Schierl, and D. Nowak, Evaluation of working practices and surface contamination with antineoplastic drugs in outpatient oncology health care settings, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol.16, issue.4, pp.47-55, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00420-012-0742-z

J. Yoshida, S. Koda, S. Nishida, T. Yoshida, K. Miyajima et al., Association between occupational exposure levels of antineoplastic drugs and work environment in five hospitals in Japan, Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, vol.14, issue.1, pp.29-38, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s00420-007-0284-y

S. Sugiura, M. Asano, K. Kinoshita, M. Tanimura, and T. Nabeshima, Risks to health professionals from hazardous drugs in Japan: A pilot study of environmental and biological monitoring of occupational exposure to cyclophosphamide, Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, vol.13, issue.1, pp.14-23, 2011.
DOI : 10.2146/ajhp050529

J. Bussières, C. Tanguay, K. Touzin, E. Langlois, and M. Lefebvre, Environmental Contamination with Hazardous Drugs in Quebec Hospitals, The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, vol.65, issue.6, 2012.
DOI : 10.4212/cjhp.v65i6.1190

P. Sessink, K. Boer, A. Scheefhals, R. Anzion, and R. Bos, Occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents at several departments in a hospital, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol.40, issue.2, pp.105-117, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00381477

T. Connor, R. Anderson, P. Sessink, L. Broadfield, and L. Power, Surface contamination with antineoplastic agents in six cancer treatment centers in Canada and the United States, Am J Health Syst Pharm, vol.56, issue.14, pp.1427-1459, 1999.

S. Maeda, K. Miyawaki, S. Matsumoto, M. Oishi, Y. Miwa et al., Evaluation of Environmental Contaminations and Occupational Exposures Involved in Preparation of Chemotherapeutic Drugs, YAKUGAKU ZASSHI, vol.130, issue.6, pp.903-913, 2010.
DOI : 10.1248/yakushi.130.903

L. Castiglia, Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Antiblastic Drugs in an Italian Hospital Oncological Department, Journal of Occupational Health, vol.50, issue.1, pp.48-56, 2008.
DOI : 10.1539/joh.50.48

O. Nygren, B. Gustavsson, L. Str-?-?-m, R. Eriksson, L. Jarneborn et al., Exposure to anti-cancer drugs during preparation and administration. Investigations of an open and a closed system, J. Environ. Monit., vol.62, issue.5, pp.739-781, 2002.
DOI : 10.1039/B205132J

J. Vandenbroucke, H. Robays, P. Sessink, T. Connor, J. Jorgenson et al., How to protect environment and employees against cytotoxic agents, the UZ Ghent experience Reduction in surface contamination with antineoplastic drugs in 22 hospital pharmacies in the US following implementation of a closed-system drug transfer device, J Oncol Pharm Pract J Oncol Pharm Pract, vol.617, issue.41, pp.146-52, 2001.

S. Crauste-manciet, P. Sessink, S. Ferrari, J. Jomier, and D. Brossard, Environmental Contamination with Cytotoxic Drugs in Healthcare Using Positive Air Pressure Isolators, Ann Occup Hyg, vol.49, issue.7, pp.619-647, 2005.

P. Sessink, J. Trahan, and J. Coyne, Reduction in Surface Contamination With Cyclophosphamide in 30 US Hospital Pharmacies Following Implementation of a Closed- System Drug Transfer Device. Hosp Pharm, pp.204-216, 2013.

P. Sessink, N. Friemèl, R. Anzion, and R. Bos, Biological and environmental monitoring of occupational exposure of pharmaceutical plant workers to methotrexate, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol.531, issue.6, pp.401-404, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00383251

T. Connor, B. Mackenzie, and D. Debord, NIOSH List of antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in healthcare settings(Department of health and human services, Center for disease control and prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS), 2014.

P. Sessink, E. Kroese, H. Van-kranen, and R. Bos, Cancer risk assessment for health care workers occupationally exposed to cyclophosphamide, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, vol.154, issue.5, pp.317-340, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00385647

P. Sessink and B. R. , Drugs hazardous to healthcare workers. Evaluation of methods for monitoring occupational exposure to cytostatic drugs. Drug Saf, pp.347-59, 1999.

S. Eisenberg, Safe Handling and Administration of Antineoplastic Chemotherapy, Journal of Infusion Nursing, vol.32, issue.1, pp.23-32, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/NAN.0b013e31819246e0

S. Esslin and Y. Stoll, Biological monitoring of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in urine of hospital personnel occupationally exposed to cytostatic drugs., Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.51, issue.4, pp.229-262, 1994.
DOI : 10.1136/oem.51.4.229

B. Favier, L. Gilles, M. Desage, and J. Latour, Analysis of cyclophosphamide in the urine of antineoplastic drugs handlers], Bull Cancer, vol.90, issue.10, pp.905-914, 2003.

C. Schreiber, K. Radon, A. Pethran, R. Schierl, K. Hauff et al., Uptake of antineoplastic agents in pharmacy personnel. Part II: study of work-related risk factors, Int Arch Occup Environ Health, vol.76, issue.1, pp.11-17, 2003.

P. Sessink, M. Van-de-kerkhof, R. Anzion, J. Noordhoek, and R. Bos, Environmental Contamination and Assessment of Exposure to Antineoplastic Agents by Determination of Cyclophosphamide in Urine of Exposed Pharmacy Technicians: Is Skin Absorption an Important Exposure Route?, Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, vol.43, issue.3, pp.165-174, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/jat.2550110210

T. Connor, D. Debord, J. Pretty, M. Oliver, T. Roth et al., Evaluation of Antineoplastic Drug Exposure of Health Care Workers at Three University-Based US Cancer Centers, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.52, issue.10, pp.1019-1046, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181f72b63

C. Lawson, C. Rocheleau, E. Whelan, L. Hibert, E. Grajewski et al., Occupational exposures among nurses and risk of spontaneous abortion, Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012, vol.206, issue.4, pp.327-328

S. Eisenberg and . Niosh, NIOSH Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs Guidelines Becomes State Law, Journal of Infusion Nursing, vol.35, issue.5, pp.316-325, 2012.
DOI : 10.1097/NAN.0b013e31826596c4

A. Steege, J. Boiano, and M. Sweeney, NIOSH Health and Safety Practices Survey of Healthcare Workers: Training and awareness of employer safety procedures, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.8, issue.10, pp.640-52
DOI : 10.1002/ajim.22305

R. Nishigaki, The usefulness of a closed-system device for the mixing of ijections to prevent occupational exposure to anticancer drugs, Journal of Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, vol.46, issue.1, pp.113-117113, 2010.

R. Mcabee, B. Gallucci, and H. Checkoway, Adverse reproductive outcomes and occupational exposures among nurses: an investigation of multiple hazardous exposures

H. Van-doorne, J. Bakker, R. Meevis, and A. Marskamp, Influence of background air on microbial contamination during simulated i.v.-admixture preparation, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, vol.39, issue.3, pp.181-188, 1994.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1994.tb00670.x

E. Bouza and P. Munoz, A needleless closed system device (CLAVE) protects from intravascular catheter tip and hub colonization: a prospective randomized study, Journal of Hospital Infection, vol.54, issue.4, pp.279-87, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0195-6701(03)00136-1

T. Connor, R. Anderson, P. Sessink, and S. Spivey, Effectiveness of a closed-system device in containing surface contamination with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in an i.v. admixture area. Am J Health-Syst Pharm AJHP Off J Am Soc Health-Syst Pharm, pp.68-72, 2002.

J. Siderov, S. Kirsa, and R. Mclauchlan, Reducing workplace cytotoxic surface contamination using a closed-system drug transfer device, Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, vol.34, issue.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1177/1078155209352543

J. Yoshida, G. Tei, C. Mochizuki, Y. Masu, S. Koda et al., Use of a closed system device to reduce occupational contamination and exposure to antineoplastic drugs in the hospital work environment, Ann Occup Hyg, vol.53, issue.2, pp.153-60, 2009.

B. Harrison, B. Peters, and M. Bing, Comparison of surface contamination with cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil using a closed-system drug transfer device versus standard preparation techniques. Am J Health-Syst Pharm AJHP Off J Am Soc Health-Syst Pharm, pp.1736-1780, 2006.

H. Nyman, J. Jorgenson, and M. Slawson, Workplace Contamination with Antineoplastic Agents in a New Cancer Hospital Using a Closed-System Drug Transfer Device. Hosp Pharm, pp.219-244, 2007.

J. Jorgenson, S. Spivey, C. Au, D. Canann, H. Ritter et al., Contamination Comparison of Transfer Devices Intended for Handling Hazardous Drugs. Hosp Pharm, pp.723-730, 2008.

B. Favier, H. Labrosse, L. Gilles-afchain, C. Cropet, D. Perol et al., The PhaSeal?? system: Impact of its use on workplace contamination and duration of chemotherapy preparation, Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, vol.60, issue.1, 2012.
DOI : 10.1177/1078155211401454

T. Miyake, T. Iwamoto, M. Tanimura, M. C. Okuda, M. Slawson et al., Impact of closed-system drug transfer device on exposure of environment and healthcare provider to cyclophosphamide in Japanese hospital Using a closed-system protective device to reduce personnel exposure to antineoplastic agents. Am J Health-Syst Pharm AJHP Off J Am Soc Health-Syst Pharm Section 5 Hierarchic order in protection measures, SpringerPlus. J Oncol Pharm Pract, vol.26013, issue.122, pp.273-472314, 2003.

A. Ahmad, Managing cytotoxic drugs, Malaysian Journal of Pharmacy, vol.1

S. Crauste-manciet, B. Decaudin, L. Escalup, C. Gourio, P. Odou et al., Administration des Médicaments à Risques pour le Personnel et l'Environnement. EURO PHARMAT et GERPAC Multiple-test assessment of devices to protect healthcare workers when administering cytotoxic drugs to patients, J Oncol Pharm Pract, vol.18, issue.2, pp.191-200, 2007.

J. Mayer, S. Menetre, C. Serrurier, A. Delfour, and I. May, Comparaison des dispositifs sécurisés de préparation des cytotoxiques. Pharm Hosp Clin, pp.116-138, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.phclin.2011.05.021

H. Mullot and S. Blondeel, Intérêt et faisabilité des systèmes Tevadaptor® et Phaseal® dans une unité centralisée de préparation des anticancéreux. Pharm Hosp, pp.189-99, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/s0768-9179(08)74962-9

E. Rowe, S. Savage, W. Rutala, D. Weber, M. Gergen-teague et al., Economic and Microbiologic Evaluation of Single-Dose Vial Extension for Hazardous Drugs, Journal of Oncology Practice, vol.8, issue.4, pp.45-54, 2012.
DOI : 10.1200/JOP.2011.000488

J. Vandenbroucke and H. Robays, Economic impact of the preparation scenario for cytotoxic drugs: an observational study, EJHP Pract, vol.14, issue.5, pp.37-42, 2008.

A. Janoly-dumenil, I. Rouvet, N. Bleyzac, Y. Bertrand, G. Aulagner et al., Effect of Duration and Intensity of Ganciclovir Exposure on Lymphoblastoid Cell Toxicity, Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, vol.105, issue.6, pp.257-62, 2009.
DOI : 10.1177/095632020901900605

F. Nihi, D. Moreira, S. Lourenço, A. Gomes, C. Araujo et al., Testicular Effects Following In Utero Exposure to the Antivirals Acyclovir and Ganciclovir in Rats, Toxicological Sciences, vol.139, issue.1, pp.220-253, 2014.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfu024

G. Visor, L. Lin, S. Jackson, J. Winterle, G. Lee et al., Stability of ganciclovir sodium (DHPG sodium) in 5% dextrose or 0.9% sodium chloride injections, Am J Hosp Pharm, vol.43, issue.11, pp.2810-2812, 1986.

L. Mole, C. Oliva, O. Hanley, and P. , Extended stability of ganciclovir for outpatient parenteral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, vol.5, issue.4, pp.354-362, 1992.

J. Parasrampuria, L. Li, A. Stelmach, T. Sykes, and G. Gordon, Stability of ganciclovir sodium in 5% dextrose injection and in 0.9% sodium chloride injection over 35 days, Am J Hosp Pharm, vol.49, issue.1, pp.116-124, 1992.

S. Phaypradith, J. Vigneron, A. Perrin, M. Durney-archeray, M. Hoffman et al., [Stability of dilute solutions of ganciclovir sodium (Cymevan) in polypropylene syringes and PVC perfusion bags, J Pharm Belg, vol.47, issue.6, pp.494-502, 1992.

J. Sánchez-rubio-ferrández, M. Lozano, I. Iglesias, L. Sánchez-rubio-ferrández, R. Vargas et al., Use of a closed-system drug transfer device (PhaSeal) and impact on preparation time, Int J Pharm Compd, vol.16, issue.5, pp.431-434, 2012.

N. Simon, M. Vasseur, M. Pinturaud, M. Soichot, C. Richeval et al., PP-015???Using a closed-system transfer device leads to better control of occupational exposure in routine practice, European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, vol.22, issue.Suppl 1, pp.22-126, 2015.
DOI : 10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000639.295

. Identifier-la-poche, Cymevan, dose et concentration en ganciclovir, date et heure de préparation