C. Des and P. , 40 a. Caractéristiques des patients obèses selon la durée du suivi, 42 b. Evolution du poids et du retentissement de l'obésité à la fin du suivi, p.45

E. Pourcentage-de-perte-de-poids-en-fonction-du-score and C. Eu-un-suivi, 45 ii Patients, il soit complet ou incomplet, p.47

. Vii, Bibliographie 1. Ebrary, I. Obesite: prevention et prise en charge de l'epidemie mondiale : rapport d'une consultation de l'OMS. (Organisation mondiale de la Sante, 2003.

D. Withrow and D. A. Alter, The economic burden of obesity worldwide: a systematic review of the direct costs of obesity, Obesity Reviews, vol.8, issue.1, pp.131-141, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00712.x

C. Sass, Comparaison du score individuel de pr??carit?? des Centres d'examens de sant??, EPICES, ?? la d??finition socio-administrative de la pr??carit??, Sant?? Publique, vol.18, issue.4, p.513, 2006.
DOI : 10.3917/spub.064.0513

URL : http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=SPUB_064_0513

S. Française-de-nutrition, Obésité en France: La société française de nutrition et l'association française d'études et de recherche sur l'obésité tirent la sonnette d'alarme et réclament l'organisation d'un parcours de prévention et de soins pour les personnes obèses, 2015.

O. Obésité, Ziegler O; Debry G. Epidémiologie des obésités de l'adulte. at <http://localhost:8090/ShowArticle?item=GN-10-07585> 12. Pouliot, M.-C. et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women, Am. J. Cardiol, vol.73, issue.11, pp.460-468, 1994.

J. C. Seidell, A. Oosterlee, P. Deurenberg, J. G. Hautvast, and J. H. Ruijs, Abdominal fat depots measured with computed tomography: effects of degree of obesity, sex, and age

M. Lean, T. S. Han, and C. Morrison, Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management, BMJ, vol.311, issue.6998, 1995.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.311.6998.158

T. S. Han, E. M. Van-leer, J. C. Seidell, and M. Lean, Waist circumference action levels in the identification of cardiovascular risk factors:prevalence study in a random sample, 1995.

D. Groot and L. J. , Pathophysiology of obesity, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, vol.17, issue.55, pp.488-494, 1992.

H. Argumentaire, Rissanen, A. et al. Risk of disability and mortality due to overweight in a Finnish population, BMJ, vol.301, pp.835-837, 1990.

R. Bender, C. Trautner, M. Spraul, and M. Berger, Assessment of Excess Mortality in Obesity, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.147, issue.1, pp.42-48, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009365

J. M. Dorn, E. F. Schisterman, W. Winkelstein, and M. Trevisan, Body Mass Index and Mortality in a General Population Sample Women of Men and Women: The Buffalo Health Study, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.146, issue.11, pp.919-931, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009218

J. Stevens, The Effect of Age on the Association between Body-Mass Index and Mortality, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.338, issue.1, pp.1-7, 1998.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199801013380101

J. Seidell, W. Verschuren, E. &. Van-leer, and D. Kromhout, Overweight, Underweight, and Mortality, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.156, issue.9, pp.958-963, 1996.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.1996.00440090054006

R. P. Bogers, Association of Overweight With Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Partly Independent of Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels<subtitle>A Meta-analysis of 21 Cohort Studies Including More Than 300??000 Persons</subtitle>, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.167, issue.16, pp.1720-1728, 2007.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.167.16.1720

C. Ciangura and C. Poitou-bernert, Complications des ob??sit??s, EMC - Endocrinologie - Nutrition, vol.8, issue.1, pp.1-12, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S1155-1941(11)51424-6

A. Santos and H. Barros, Prevalence and determinants of obesity in an urban sample of Portuguese adults, Public Health, vol.117, issue.6, pp.430-437, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0033-3506(03)00139-2

K. Basen-engquist and M. Chang, Obesity and Cancer Risk: Recent Review and Evidence, Current Oncology Reports, vol.13, issue.1, pp.71-76, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11912-010-0139-7

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786180

A. G. Renehan, M. Tyson, M. Egger, R. F. Heller, and M. Zwahlen, Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies, The Lancet, vol.371, issue.9612, pp.569-578, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60269-X

C. Mcdonough, The association between body mass index and health-related quality of life: influence of ethnicity on this relationship, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, vol.7, issue.8, pp.342-348, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/dom.12033

L. Barzic and M. , Aspects psychologiques de l'ob??sit??, EMC - Endocrinologie - Nutrition, vol.7, issue.1, pp.1-11, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S1155-1941(10)51425-2

A. Astrup, Healthy lifestyles in Europe: prevention of obesity and type II diabetes by diet and physical activity, Public Health Nutrition, vol.62, issue.2b, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/S0007114500000933

P. Christine, in Traité médecine et chirurgie de l'obésité 34. Webber, L. et al. The future burden of obesity-related diseases in the 53 WHO

L. Sjöström, Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Mortality in Swedish Obese Subjects

J. Wresinski, Grande pauvreté et précarité économique et sociale: séances des 10 et 11

P. Townsend and . Deprivation, Deprivation, Journal of Social Policy, vol.286, issue.02, pp.125-146, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)92085-4

. Haut-comité-de-la-santé-publique, Précarisation sociale et santé -Avis du HCSP, 1998.

C. Sass, Le score Epices: un score individuel de précarité. Construction du score et mesure des relations avec des données de santé

E. Labbe, A new reliable index to measure individual deprivation: the EPICES score doi:10.1093/eurpub/cku231 46. Bihan, H. et al. Screening for deprivation using the EPICES score: a tool for detecting patients at high risk of diabetic complications and poor quality of life, Eur. J. Public Health Diabetes Metab, vol.231, issue.38, pp.82-85, 2012.

H. Bihan, Association Among Individual Deprivation, Glycemic Control, and Diabetes Complications: The EPICES score, Diabetes Care, vol.28, issue.11, pp.2680-2685, 2005.
DOI : 10.2337/diacare.28.11.2680

. Cetaf, Le score EPICES: l'indicateur de précarité des Centres d'examens de santé financés par l'assurance maladie, 2005.

C. Pornet, Construction of an adaptable European transnational ecological deprivation index: the French version, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol.66, issue.11, pp.982-989, 2012.
DOI : 10.1136/jech-2011-200311

S. Ouédraogo, European transnational ecological deprivation index and participation in population-based breast cancer screening programmes in France, Preventive Medicine, vol.63, pp.103-108, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.12.007

V. Carstairs and R. Morris, Deprivation: explaining differences in mortality between Scotland and England and Wales., BMJ, vol.299, issue.6704, pp.886-889, 1989.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.299.6704.886

A. F. Brown, Socioeconomic Position and Health among Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: A Conceptual Framework and Review of the Literature, Epidemiologic Reviews, vol.26, issue.1, pp.63-77, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/epirev/mxh002

D. Shahar, I. Shai, H. Vardi, A. Shahar, and D. Fraser, Diet and eating habits in high and low socioeconomic groups, Nutrition, vol.21, issue.5, pp.559-566, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nut.2004.09.018

J. P. Mackenbach, Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health in 22 European Countries, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.358, issue.23, pp.2468-2481, 2008.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMsa0707519

M. Marí-dell-'olmo, Socioeconomic inequalities in cause-specific mortality in 15

J. P. Mackenbach, Socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality in western Europe. The lancet 349, pp.1655-1659, 1997.

C. Borrell, Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in 16 European cities, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol.42, issue.3
DOI : 10.1177/1403494814522556

J. Eachus, Deprivation and cause specific morbidity: evidence from the Somerset and Avon survey of health, BMJ, vol.312, issue.7026, pp.287-292, 1996.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.312.7026.287

J. A. Dalstra, Socioeconomic differences in the prevalence of common chronic diseases: an overview of eight European countries, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.34, issue.2, pp.316-326, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dyh386

A. Espelt, Socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes mellitus across Europe at the beginning of the 21st century, Public Health England. Adult obesity and type 2 diabetes, pp.1971-1979, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00125-008-1146-1

. Insee, Fiches thématiques -Conditions de vie, 2013.

W. ?ukiewicz-sobczak, Obesity and poverty paradox in developed countries, Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, vol.21, issue.3
DOI : 10.5604/12321966.1120608

K. S. Varadharajan, T. Thomas, and A. V. Kurpad, Poverty and the state of nutrition in India, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, vol.3, pp.326-365, 2013.

C. A. Monteiro, E. C. Moura, W. L. Conde, and B. M. Popkin, Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: a review, Bull. World Health Organ, vol.82, pp.940-946, 2004.

G. Dinsa, Y. Goryakin, E. Fumagalli, and M. Suhrcke, Obesity and socioeconomic status in developing countries: a systematic review, Obesity Reviews, vol.7, issue.2, pp.1067-1079, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01017.x

J. Poulain and L. Tibère, Alimentation et précarité, Anthropol. Food, 2008.

J. A. Levine, Poverty and Obesity in the U.S., Diabetes, vol.60, issue.11, pp.2667-2668, 2011.
DOI : 10.2337/db11-1118

H. K. Seligman, A. B. Bindman, E. Vittinghoff, A. M. Kanaya, and M. B. Kushel, Food Insecurity is Associated with Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999???2002, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol.22, issue.Suppl 1, pp.1018-1023, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s11606-007-0192-6

L. M. Dinour, D. Bergen, and M. Yeh, The Food Insecurity???Obesity Paradox: A Review of the Literature and the Role Food Stamps May Play, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, vol.107, issue.11, pp.1952-1961, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jada.2007.08.006

J. Martin-fernandez, F. Caillavet, A. Lhuissier, and P. Chauvin, Food Insecurity, a Determinant of Obesity? - an Analysis from a Population-Based Survey in the Paris Metropolitan Area, 2010, Obesity Facts, vol.7, issue.2, pp.120-129, 2010.
DOI : 10.1159/000362343

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00992188

M. S. Townsend, J. Peerson, B. Love, C. Achterberg, and S. P. Murphy, Food Insecurity Is Positively Related to Overweight in Women, J. Nutr, vol.131, pp.1738-1745, 2001.

E. Ruel, E. N. Reither, S. A. Robert, and P. M. Lantz, Neighborhood effects on BMI trends: Examining BMI trajectories for Black and White women, Health & Place, vol.16, issue.2, pp.191-198, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.09.009

B. K. Finch, Neighborhood effects on health: Concentrated advantage and disadvantage, Health & Place, vol.16, issue.5, pp.1058-1060, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.05.009

G. S. Lovasi, M. A. Hutson, M. Guerra, and K. M. Neckerman, Built Environments and Obesity in Disadvantaged Populations, Epidemiologic Reviews, vol.31, issue.1, pp.7-20, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/epirev/mxp005

L. M. Rossen, Neighbourhood economic deprivation explains racial/ethnic disparities in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in the USA, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol.68, issue.(Suppl 2), pp.123-129, 2014.
DOI : 10.1136/jech-2012-202245

A. J. Stunkard and T. I. Sorensen, Obesity and Socioeconomic Status -- A Complex Relation, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.329, issue.14, pp.1036-1037, 1993.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199309303291411

. Has, Outil d'aide au repérage précoce et à l' intervention brève: alcool, cannabis et tabac chez l'adulte, 2014.

C. Jaffiol, F. Thomas, K. Bean, B. Jégo, and N. Danchin, Impact of socioeconomic status on diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: Results of a large French survey, Diabetes & Metabolism, vol.39, issue.1, pp.56-62, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.diabet.2012.09.002

N. Chaturvedi, J. Jarrett, M. J. Shipley, and J. H. Fuller, Socioeconomic gradient in morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes: cohort study findings from the Whitehall study and the WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes, BMJ, vol.316, issue.7125, pp.100-105, 1998.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.316.7125.100

M. O. Bachmann, Socio-economic inequalities in diabetes complications, control, attitudes and health service use: a cross-sectional study, Diabetic Medicine, vol.52, issue.11, pp.921-929, 2003.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.322.7280.184

O. V. Adeniyi, B. Longo-mbenza, and D. Ter-goon, Female sex, poverty and globalization as determinants of obesity among rural South African type 2 diabetics: a cross-sectional study, BMC Public Health, vol.6, issue.9945, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pcd.2012.05.002

S. Wild, G. Roglic, A. Green, R. Sicree, and H. King, Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030, Diabetes Care, vol.27, issue.5, pp.1047-1053, 2004.
DOI : 10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047

J. Sobal and A. J. Stunkard, Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature., Psychological Bulletin, vol.105, issue.2
DOI : 10.1037/0033-2909.105.2.260

M. Marmot, J. Allen, R. Bell, E. Bloomer, and P. Goldblatt, WHO European review of social determinants of health and the health divide, The Lancet, vol.380, issue.9846, pp.1011-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61228-8

J. Wardle, J. Waller, and M. J. Jarvis, Sex Differences in the Association of Socioeconomic Status With Obesity, American Journal of Public Health, vol.92, issue.8, pp.1299-1304, 2002.
DOI : 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1299

E. B. Loucks, D. H. Rehkopf, R. C. Thurston, and I. Kawachi, Socioeconomic Disparities in Metabolic Syndrome Differ by Gender: Evidence from NHANES III, Annals of Epidemiology, vol.17, issue.1
DOI : 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.07.002

S. Shohaimi, M. S. Boekholdt, R. Luben, N. J. Wareham, and K. Khaw, Distribution of lipid parameters according to different socio-economic indicators- the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study, BMC Public Health, vol.118, issue.20, 2014.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804146

L. Akil and H. A. Ahmad, Effects of Socioeconomic Factors on Obesity Rates in Four Southern States and Colorado, Ethn. Dis, vol.21, pp.58-62, 2011.

M. Tang, Y. Chen, and D. Krewski, Gender-related differences in the association between socioeconomic status and self-reported diabetes, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.32, issue.>3, pp.381-385, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dyg075

A. E. Cavelaars, A. E. Kunst, and J. P. Mackenbach, Socio-economic Differences in Risk Factors for Morbidity and Mortality in the European Community: An International Comparison, Journal of Health Psychology, vol.2, issue.3, pp.353-372, 1997.
DOI : 10.1177/135910539700200306

J. Moulin, Inégalités de santé et comportements: comparaison d'une population de 704 128 personnes en situation de précarité à une population de 516 607 personnes non précaires, France, Bull. Épidémiologique Hebd, vol.43, pp.1-3, 1995.

P. Peretti-watel, Lien social et sant?? en situation de pr??carit?? : ??tat de sant??, recours aux soins, abus d'alcool et r??seau relationnel parmi les usagers des services d'aide, Economie et statistique, vol.391, issue.1, pp.115-130, 2006.
DOI : 10.3406/estat.2006.7156

H. Bihan, Impact of short-duration lifestyle intervention in collaboration with general practitioners in patients with the metabolic syndrome, Diabetes & Metabolism, vol.35, issue.3, pp.185-191, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.diabet.2008.11.002

D. T. Villareal, Weight Loss, Exercise, or Both and Physical Function in Obese Older Adults, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.364, issue.13, pp.1218-1229, 2011.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1008234

I. Shai, Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet, N

J. Boone-heinonen, The Neighborhood Energy Balance Equation: Does Neighborhood Food Retail Environment + Physical Activity Environment = Obesity? The CARDIA Study, PLoS ONE, vol.68, issue.12, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0085141.s001

T. Feuillet, Spatial heterogeneity of the relationships between environmental characteristics and active commuting: towards a locally varying social ecological model, International Journal of Health Geographics, vol.9, issue.4 Suppl, 2015.
DOI : 10.1186/s12942-015-0002-z

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01270914

M. Romon, Downward trends in the prevalence of childhood overweight in the setting of 12-year school- and community-based programmes, Public Health Nutrition, vol.32, issue.10, pp.1735-1742, 2009.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.322.7282.326

S. L. Tamers, Are social relationships a healthy influence on obesogenic behaviors among racially/ethnically diverse and socio-economically disadvantaged residents?, Preventive Medicine, vol.56, issue.1, pp.70-74, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.11.012

M. S. Mujahid, A. V. Diez-roux, L. N. Borrell, and F. J. Nieto, Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of BMI with Socioeconomic Characteristics, Obesity Research, vol.18, issue.8, pp.1412-1421, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/oby.2005.171

D. La-santé, O. M. De-l-'europe, and B. R. , Charte européenne sur la lutte contre l'obésité Declaration: A Call to Action on Obesity, 2006.

P. Margot-rougerie, L'épidémie d'obésité, comment y faire face?, 2011.

H. France, J. Comité-de-la-santé-publique,-rainhorn, and F. Grémy, La progression de la précarité en France et ses effets sur la santé, 1998.

A. Aline, L'accès au soins des plus démunis-rapport au premier ministre, 2013.

R. R. Wing and S. Phelan, Long-term weight loss maintenance, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, vol.82, pp.222-225, 2005.

H. Gupta, Barriers to and Facilitators of Long Term Weight Loss Maintenance in Adult UK People: A Thematic Analysis, Int. J. Prev. Med, vol.5, pp.1512-1520, 2014.

A. Haupt, Gene on Whole Body Fat Distribution, Ectopic Fat, and Weight Loss, Obesity, vol.18, issue.8, pp.1969-1972, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/oby.2008.283

P. W. Franks, Assessing gene???treatment interactions at the FTO and INSIG2 loci on obesity-related traits in the Diabetes Prevention Program, Diabetologia, vol.57, issue.12, pp.2214-2223, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00125-008-1158-x

T. Huang, FTO genotype, dietary protein, and change in appetite: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies trial, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.99, issue.5, pp.1126-1130, 2014.
DOI : 10.3945/ajcn.113.082164

J. Mccaffery, FTO predicts weight regain in the Look AHEAD clinical trial, International Journal of Obesity, vol.55, issue.127
DOI : 10.1038/ijo.2013.54

X. Zhang, FTO Genotype and 2-Year Change in Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS LOST Trial, Diabetes, vol.61, issue.11, pp.3005-3011, 2012.
DOI : 10.2337/db11-1799

R. Ursu, The study of the rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism in association with obesity and the management of obesity in a Romanian cohort, J. Med. Life, vol.8, pp.232-238, 2015.

S. P. Verhoef, S. G. Camps, F. G. Bouwman, E. C. Mariman, and K. R. Westerterp, Genetic predisposition, dietary restraint and disinhibition in relation to short and long-term weight loss, Physiology & Behavior, vol.128, pp.247-251, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.004

L. M. Delahanty, Genetic Predictors of Weight Loss and Weight Regain After Intensive Lifestyle Modification, Metformin Treatment, or Standard Care in the Diabetes Prevention Program, Diabetes Care, vol.35, issue.2, pp.363-366, 2012.
DOI : 10.2337/dc11-1328

H. P. Booth, A. T. Prevost, and M. C. Gulliford, Access to weight reduction interventions for overweight and obese patients in UK primary care: population-based cohort study, BMJ Open, vol.34, issue.1, 2015.
DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006642