L. Oms-?-organisation-mondiale-de and . Santé, WHO Guidelines for indoor air quality, dampness and mould publications, WHO Regional Office for Europe. WHO Regional office for Europe, Disponible sur, 2009.

A. Hyvärinen, T. Meklin, A. Vepsäläinen, and A. Nevalainen, Fungi and actinobacteria in moisture-damaged building materials ??? concentrations and diversity, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol.49, issue.1, pp.27-37, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00103-2

M. Mallea, R. M. Charpin, and J. , Fungal flora in houses, Rev Fr Mal Respir, vol.10, pp.121-130, 1982.

R. Santucci, O. Meunier, M. Ott, F. Herrmann, A. Freyd et al., Contamination fongique des habitations??: bilan de 10 ann??es d???analyses, Revue Fran??aise d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique, vol.47, issue.6, pp.402-408, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.allerg.2007.02.105

G. Reboux, A. Bellanger, S. Roussel, F. Grenouillet, S. Sornin et al., Indoor mol concentration in Eastern France, Indoor air, pp.19-446, 2009.

A. Rivier, M. Guillaso, and J. Flabbée, Contamination fongique de l???habitat Lorrain??: enqu??te pr??liminaire au domicile des patients, Revue Fran??aise d'Allergologie, vol.54, issue.2, pp.44-50, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.reval.2013.11.005

B. Kendrick, Fungi and the history of mycology [en ligne]. eLS, Disponible sur, 2001.

D. Hibbett, M. Binder, J. Bischoff, M. Blackwell, P. Cannon et al., A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi, Mycological Research, vol.111, issue.5, pp.509-547, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004

G. Atherton and J. Bartholomew, Aspergillus and aspergillosis website [en ligne

D. Méheust, Exposition aux moisissures en environnement intérieur : méthodes de mesure et impacts sur la santé, Thèse de l'Université de Rennes 1, 2012.

F. Nielsen, Mycotoxin production by indoor molds, Fungal Genetics and Biology, vol.39, issue.2, pp.103-107, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1087-1845(03)00026-4

K. Hendry and E. Cole, A review of mycotoxins in indoor air, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, vol.51, issue.2, pp.183-198, 2003.
DOI : 10.1139/m83-001

G. Reboux, Mycotoxines??: effets sur??la??sant?? et??interactions avec??d'autres composants organiques, Revue Fran??aise d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique, vol.46, issue.3, pp.208-212, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.allerg.2006.01.036

M. Hodgson and D. Dearborn, Literature on mycotoxins and human health at the time of the ACOEM report, J Occup Environ Med, vol.15, pp.115-117, 2009.

D. Li and C. Yang, Fungal Contamination as a Major Contributor to Sick Building Syndrome, Advances in applied Microbiology, vol.55, pp.31-112, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2164(04)55002-5

K. Belanger, W. Beckett, E. Triche, M. Bracken, T. Holford et al., Symptoms of Wheeze and Persistent Cough in the First Year of Life: Associations with Indoor Allergens, Air Contaminants, and Maternal History of Asthma, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.158, issue.3, pp.195-202, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwg148

S. Gravesen, Fungi as a Cause of Allergic Disease, Allergy, vol.53, issue.3, pp.135-154, 1979.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1979.tb01562.x

S. Boutin-forzano, C. Charpin-kadouch, M. Gouitaa, H. Dumon, and D. Charpin, Audit environnemental des??logements??: int??r??t d'identifier la??ou??les??moisissure(s) en??cause, Revue Fran??aise d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique, vol.46, issue.3, pp.197-203, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.allerg.2006.01.014

G. Strom, U. Palmgren, B. Wessen, B. Hellstrom, and A. Kumlin, The sick building syndrome

F. Klis, Review: Cell wall assembly in yeast, Yeast, vol.159, issue.2, pp.851-869, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/yea.320100702

V. Bex and F. Squinazi, Indoor moulds detection by the measurement of BDG, Rev Fr Allerg Immunol Clin, vol.46, pp.184-187, 2006.

J. Douwes, (13)-beta-D-glucans and respiratory health: a review of the scientific evidence, Indoor Air, vol.56, issue.3, pp.160-169, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.325.7361.411

J. Douwes, I. Wouters, H. Dubbeld, L. Zwieten, P. Steerenberg et al., Upper airway inflammation assessed by nasal lavage in compost workers: A relation with bio-aerosol exposure, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.33, issue.5, pp.459-468, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(200005)37:5<459::AID-AJIM2>3.0.CO;2-J

I. Wouters, S. Hilhorst, P. Kleppe, G. Doekes, J. Douwes et al., Upper airway inflammation and respiratory symptoms in domestic waste collectors, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.59, issue.2, pp.106-112, 2002.
DOI : 10.1136/oem.59.2.106

W. Eduard, J. Douwes, R. Mehl, D. Heederik, and E. Melbostad, Short term exposure to airborne microbial agents during farm work: exposure-response relations with eye and respiratory symptoms, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.58, issue.2, pp.113-118, 2001.
DOI : 10.1136/oem.58.2.113

J. Thorn and R. Rylander, Airways inflammation and glucan exposure among household waste collectors, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.33, issue.5, pp.463-470, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199805)33:5<463::AID-AJIM5>3.0.CO;2-T

J. Mandryk, K. Alwis, and A. Hocking, Effects of Personal Exposures on Pulmonary Function and Work-related Symptoms among Sawmill Workers, The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, vol.44, issue.4, pp.281-289, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-4878(99)00099-X

P. Gergen and P. Turkeltaub, The association of individual allergen reactivity with respiratory disease in a national sample: Data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976???1980 (NHANES II), Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.90, issue.4, pp.579-588, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0091-6749(92)90130-T

K. Heldal, A. Halstensen, J. Thorn, P. Djupesland, I. Wouters et al., Upper airway inflammation in waste handlers exposed to bioaerosols, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.60, issue.6, pp.444-450, 2003.
DOI : 10.1136/oem.60.6.444

T. Gladding, J. Thorn, and D. Stott, Organic dust exposure and work-related effects among recycling workers, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol.85, issue.6, pp.43-584, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/ajim.10220

R. Rylander and R. Lin, (1???3)-??-d-glucan ??? relationship to indoor air-related symptoms, allergy and asthma, Toxicology, vol.152, issue.1-3, pp.47-52, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00291-2

R. Rylander, Airborne (1???3)-??-d-Glucan and Airway Disease in a Day-Care Center before and after Renovation, Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, vol.140, issue.4, pp.281-285, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01684.x

S. Boutin-forzano, Y. Hammou, M. Gouitaa, and D. Charpin, Air pollution and atopy

M. Andersson, S. Downs, T. Mitakakis, J. Leuppi, and G. Marks, spores induces allergic rhinitis symptoms in sensitized children, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, vol.29, issue.2, pp.100-105, 2003.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2003.00031.x

M. Mendell, A. Mirer, K. Cheung, M. Tong, and J. Douwes, Respiratory and Allergic Health Effects of Dampness, Mold, and Dampness-Related Agents: A Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.119, issue.6, pp.748-756, 2011.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.1002410

W. Horner, A. Helbing, J. Salvaggio, and S. Lehrer, Fungal allergens, Clin Microbiol Rev, vol.8, pp.161-179, 1995.

R. Bush and J. Prochnau, Alternaria-induced asthma???, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.113, issue.2, pp.227-234, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.11.023

R. Delfino, B. Coate, R. Zeiger, J. Seltzer, D. Street et al., Daily asthma severity in relation to personal ozone exposure and outdoor fungal spores., American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.154, issue.3, pp.633-641, 1996.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm.154.3.8810598

A. Helbling, F. Gayer, W. Pichler, and K. Brander, Mushroom (Basidiomycete) allergy: Diagnosis established by skin test and nasal challenge??????????????????, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.102, issue.5, pp.853-858, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0091-6749(98)70028-4

F. Montealegre, B. Meyer, D. Chardon, W. Vargas, D. Zavala et al., Comparative prevalence of sensitization to common animal, plant and mould allergens in subjects with asthma, or atopic dermatitis and/or allergic rhinitis living in a tropical environment, Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy, vol.95, issue.1, pp.51-58, 2004.
DOI : 10.1067/mai.2001.117180

K. Reijula, M. Leino, H. Mussalo-rauhamaa, M. Nikulin, H. Alenius et al., IgE-mediated allergy to fungal allergens in Finland with special reference toAlternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, vol.91, issue.3, pp.280-287, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63531-4

C. Conseil-supérieur-d-'hygiène-publique-en-france, Contaminations fongiques en milieux intérieurs : Diagnostic, Effets sur la santé respiratoire, Conduite à tenir

J. Singh, Building Mycology ? Management of decay and health in buildings, E & FN SPON, 1994.

L. Oms-?-organisation-mondiale-de and . Santé, Environmental health inequalities in Europe. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Disponible sur, p.2012, 2015.

B. Castéran and L. Ricroch, Les logements en 2006 : le confort s'améliore mais pas pour tous

N. Nolard, Les liens entre les risques d'aspergillose et la contamination de l'environnement : revue de la littérature, Pathologie et biologie, vol.42, pp.706-710, 1994.

L. Mazur and J. Kim, Spectrum of Noninfectious Health Effects From Molds, PEDIATRICS, vol.118, issue.6, pp.1909-1926, 2006.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2006-2829

C. Barnes, J. Tuck, S. Simon, F. Pacheco, F. Hu et al., Allergenic materials in the house dust of allergy clinic patients, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, vol.86, issue.5, pp.517-523, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62899-2

M. Kilpeläinen, E. Terho, H. Helenius, and M. Koskenvuo, Home dampness, current allergic diseases, and respiratory infections among young adults, Thorax, vol.56, issue.6, pp.462-467, 2001.
DOI : 10.1136/thorax.56.6.462

J. Jaakkola, B. Hwang, and M. Jaakkola, Home Dampness and Molds as Determinants of Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood: A 6-Year, Population-based Cohort Study, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.172, issue.4, pp.451-459, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwq110

W. Fisk, Q. Lei-gomez, and M. Mendell, Meta-analyses of the associations of respiratory health effects with dampness and mold in homes, Indoor Air, vol.114, issue.Suppl. 3, pp.284-296, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00475.x

T. Reponen, S. Vesper, L. Levin, E. Johansson, P. Ryan et al., High environmental relative moldiness index during infancy as a predictor of asthma at 7 years of age, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, vol.107, issue.2, pp.120-126, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anai.2011.04.018

J. Jaakkola, B. Hwang, and N. Jaakkola, Home Dampness and Molds, Parental Atopy, and Asthma in Childhood: A Six-Year Population-Based Cohort Study, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.113, issue.3, pp.357-361, 2005.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.7242

J. Pekkanen, S. Remes, M. Kajosaari, T. Husman, and L. Soininen, Infections in early childhood and risk of atopic disease, Acta Paediatrica, vol.105, issue.7, pp.710-714, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00029.x

R. Bush, J. Portnoy, A. Saxon, A. Terr, and R. Wood, The medical effects of mold exposure, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.117, issue.2, pp.326-333, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.001

J. Douwes, R. Strien, G. Doekes, J. Smit, M. Kerkhof et al., Does early indoor microbial exposure reduce the risk of asthma? The Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort study, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.117, issue.5, pp.1067-1073, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.02.002

C. Braun-fahrländer, J. Riedler, U. Herz, W. Eder, M. Waser et al., Environmental Exposure to Endotoxin and Its Relation to Asthma in School-Age Children, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.347, issue.12, pp.869-877, 2002.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa020057

U. Gehring, W. Bischof, B. Fahlbusch, H. Wichmann, and J. Heinrich, House Dust Endotoxin and Allergic Sensitization in Children, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.166, issue.7, pp.939-944, 2002.
DOI : 10.1164/rccm.200203-256OC

M. Böttcher, B. Björkstén, S. Gustafson, T. Voor, and M. Jenmalm, Endotoxin levels in Estonian and Swedish house dust and atopy in infancy, Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy, vol.166, issue.3, pp.295-300, 2003.
DOI : 10.1067/mai.2000.104552

M. Osborne, T. Reponen, A. Adhikari, S. Cho, S. Grinshpun et al., Specific fungal exposures, allergic sensitization, and rhinitis in infants, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, vol.151, issue.6, pp.450-457, 2006.
DOI : 10.1023/B:MYCO.0000020592.72238.a6

S. Moularat, E. Robine, O. Ramalho, and M. Oturan, Detection of fungal development in closed spaces through the determination of specific chemical targets, Chemosphere, vol.72, issue.2, pp.224-232, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.057

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00730646

M. Foto, L. Vrijmoed, J. Miller, K. Ruest, M. Lawton et al., A comparison of airborne ergosterol, glucan and Air-O-Cell data in relation to physical assessments of mold damage and some other parameters, Indoor Air, vol.157, issue.1, pp.257-266, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.325.7361.411

S. Germain, Identifying fungi, a clinical laboratory handbook, 2011.

C. Kurtzman and C. Robnett, Identification of clinically important ascomycetous yeasts based on nucleotide divergence in the 5' end of the large-subnit (26S) ribosomal DNA gene, J Clin Microbiol, vol.35, pp.1216-1223, 1997.

G. Cai, K. Bröms, . Mälarstig, Z. Zhao, J. Kim et al., Quantitative PCR analysis of fungal DNA in Swedish day care centers and comparison with building characteristics and allergen levels, Indoor Air, vol.16, issue.5, pp.392-400, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00600.x

N. Ameziane, M. Bogard, and J. Lamoril, Principes de biologie moléculaire en biologie clinique, 2006.

M. Foto, J. Plett, J. Berghout, and J. Miller, Modification of the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay for the analysis of glucan in indoor environments, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol.379, issue.1, pp.156-162, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00216-004-2583-4

Y. Iossifova, T. Reponen, D. Bernstein, L. Levin, H. Kalra et al., 3)-beta-D-glucan and wheezing in infants, Allergy, vol.1, issue.62, pp.504-513, 2007.

A. Bellanger, G. Reboux, E. Scherer, M. Vacheyrou, and L. Millon, QPCR in Air Samples, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, vol.9, issue.1, pp.7-11, 2012.
DOI : 10.1078/072320204322881826

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00655130

D. Méheust, L. Cann, P. Reponen, T. Wakefield, J. Vesper et al., Possible application of the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index in France: A pilot study in Brittany, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, vol.216, issue.3, pp.333-340, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.06.004

J. West and R. Kimber, Innovations in air sampling to detect plant pathogens, Annals of Applied Biology, vol.28, issue.1, pp.4-17, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/aab.12191

C. Viegas, J. Malta-vacas, R. Sabino, S. Viegas, and C. Verissimo, Accessing indoor fungal contamination using conventional and molecular methods in Portuguese poultries, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol.17, issue.2, pp.1951-1959, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-013-3509-4

S. Host, D. Grange, E. Chatignoux, C. Sommen, I. Grémy et al., Effets sanitaires des moisissures dans l'habitat : L'enquête Esmha

G. Reboux, A. Bellanger, S. Roussel, F. Grenouillet, and L. Million, Moisissures et habitat??: risques pour la sant?? et esp??ces impliqu??es, Revue Fran??aise d'Allergologie, vol.50, issue.8, pp.611-620, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.reval.2010.03.009

D. Méheust, J. Gangneux, T. Reponen, L. Wymer, S. Vesper et al., Correlation between Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) values in French dwellings and other measures of fungal contamination, Science of The Total Environment, vol.438, pp.319-324, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.085

E. Carvalho, C. Sindt, A. Verdier, C. , O. Donoghue et al., Performance of the Coriolis air sampler, a high-volume aerosol-collection system for quantification of airborne spores and pollen grains, Aerobiologia, vol.48, issue.3, pp.191-201, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10453-008-9098-y

P. Eggleston, D. Rosenstreich, H. Lynn, P. Gergen, D. Baker et al., Relationship of indoor allergen exposure to skin test sensitivity in inner-city children with asthma?????????????????????, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.102, issue.4, pp.563-570, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0091-6749(98)70272-6

Y. Cormier and J. Belanger, Long-term Physiologic Outcome after Acute Farmer's Lung, Chest, vol.87, issue.6, pp.796-800, 1985.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.87.6.796

H. Beguin and N. Nolard, Mould biodiversity in homes I. Air and surface analysis of 130 dwellings, Aerobiologia, vol.66, issue.1???2, pp.157-166, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02459231

T. Takahashi, Airborne fungal colony-forming units in outdoor and indoor environments in Yokohama, Mycopathologia, vol.139, issue.1, pp.23-33, 1997.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1006831111595

P. Martin-sanchez and C. Saiz-jimenez, Contribution of culture-independent methods to cave aerobiology: The case of Lascaux Cave. The Conservation of Subterranean Cultural Heritage ? Saiz-Jimenez

M. Sanchez, P. Bastian, F. Alabouvette, C. Saiz-jimenez, and C. , Real-time PCR detection of Ochroconis lascauxensis involved in the formation of black stains in the Lascaux Cave, France, Science of The Total Environment, vol.443, pp.478-484, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.026

. Guideline and I. Taskforce, Control of moisture problems affecting biological indoor air quality, International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 1996.

S. Jovanovic, A. Felder-kennel, T. Gabrio, B. Kouros, B. Link et al., Indoor fungi levels in homes of children with and without allergy history, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, vol.207, issue.4, pp.369-378, 2004.
DOI : 10.1078/1438-4639-00302

J. Gent, P. Ren, K. Belanger, E. Triche, M. Bracken et al., Levels of Household Mold Associated with Respiratory Symptoms in the First Year of Life in a Cohort at Risk for Asthma, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.110, issue.12, pp.781-786, 2002.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.021100781

S. Vesper, L. Wymer, T. Meklin, M. Varma, R. Stott et al., Comparison of populations of mould species in homes in the UK and USA using mould-specific quantitative PCR, Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol.46, issue.4, pp.367-373, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.jea.7500147

H. Rintala and A. Nevalainen, Quantitative measurement of streptomycetes using real-time PCR, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol.71, issue.7, pp.1-5, 2006.
DOI : 10.1039/b602485h

U. Lignell, T. Meklin, H. Rintala, A. Hyvärinen, A. Vepsäläinen et al., Evaluation of quantitative PCR and culture methods for detection of house dust fungi and streptomycetes in relation to moisture damage of the house, Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol.48, issue.4, pp.303-308, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02431.x

S. Lee, H. Lee, S. Kim, H. Lee, H. Kang et al., Identification of airborne bacterial and fungal community structures in an urban area by T-RFLP analysis and quantitative real-time PCR, Science of The Total Environment, vol.408, issue.6, pp.1349-1357, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.061

T. Reponen, U. Singh, C. Schaffer, S. Vesper, E. Johansson et al., Visually observed mold and moldy odor versus quantitatively measured microbial exposure in homes, Science of The Total Environment, vol.408, issue.22
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.090

A. Lawniczek-walczyk, R. Gorny, M. Golofit-szymczak, A. Niesler, and A. Wlazlo, Occupational exposure to airborne microorganisms, endotoxins and B-glucans in poultry houses at different stages of the production cycle, Ann agricultural environ med, vol.20, pp.259-268, 2013.