D. A. Cook, R. Hatala, R. Brydges, B. Zendejas, J. H. Szostek et al., Technology-Enhanced Simulation for Health Professions Education, JAMA, vol.306, issue.9, pp.978-988, 2011.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2011.1234

D. M. Mills, D. C. Williams, and J. V. Dobson, Simulation Training as a Mechanism for Procedural and Resuscitation Education for Pediatric Residents: A Systematic Review, Hospital Pediatrics, vol.3, issue.2, pp.167-176, 2013.
DOI : 10.1542/hpeds.2012-0041

A. Cheng, T. R. Lang, S. R. Starr, M. Pusic, and D. A. Cook, Technology-Enhanced Simulation and Pediatric Education: A Meta-analysis, PEDIATRICS, vol.133, issue.5, pp.1313-1323, 2014.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2013-2139

L. P. Mileder, B. Urlesberger, E. G. Szyld, C. C. Roehr, and G. M. Schmölzer, Simulation-Based Neonatal and Infant Resuscitation Teaching: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials, Klinische P??diatrie, vol.226, issue.05, pp.259-267, 2014.
DOI : 10.1055/s-0034-1372621

D. Oriot, A. Boureau-voultoury, A. Ghazali, C. Brèque, and M. Scépi, Int??r??t de la simulation en p??diatrie, Archives de P??diatrie, vol.20, issue.6, pp.667-672, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.arcped.2013.03.019

E. R. Weinberg, M. A. Auerbach, and N. B. Shah, The use of simulation for pediatric training and assessment, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, vol.21, issue.3, pp.282-287, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832b32dc

D. Biarent, R. Bingham, C. Eich, J. López-herce, I. Maconochie et al., European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 6. Paediatric life support, Resuscitation, vol.81, issue.10, pp.1364-1388, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.012

R. T. Brennan, A. Braslow, A. M. Batcheller, and W. Kaye, A reliable and valid method for evaluating cardiopulmonary resuscitation training outcomes, Resuscitation, vol.32, issue.2, pp.85-93, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0300-9572(96)00967-7

P. D. Donnelly, C. A. Lester, C. L. Morgan, and D. Assar, Evaluating CPR performance in basic life support:, Resuscitation, vol.36, issue.1, pp.51-57, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0300-9572(97)00092-0

P. A. Van-der-heide, L. Van-toledo-eppinga, M. Van-der-heide, and J. H. Van-der-lee, Assessment of neonatal resuscitation skills: A reliable and valid scoring system, Resuscitation, vol.71, issue.2, pp.212-221, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.04.009

J. Lockyer, N. Singhal, H. Fidler, G. Weiner, K. Aziz et al., The Development and Testing of a Performance Checklist to Assess Neonatal Resuscitation Megacode Skill, PEDIATRICS, vol.118, issue.6, pp.1739-1744, 2006.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2006-0537

J. Reid, K. Stone, J. Brown, D. Caglar, A. Kobayashi et al., The Simulation Team Assessment Tool (STAT): Development, reliability and validation, Resuscitation, vol.83, issue.7, pp.879-886, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.12.012

M. B. Brett-fleegler, R. J. Vinci, D. L. Weiner, S. K. Harris, M. Shih et al., A Simulator-Based Tool That Assesses Pediatric Resident Resuscitation Competency, PEDIATRICS, vol.121, issue.3, pp.597-603, 2008.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2005-1259

L. Quan, R. P. Shugerman, N. C. Kunkel, and C. J. Brownlee, Evaluation of Resuscitation Skills in New Residents Before and After Pediatric Advanced Life Support Course, PEDIATRICS, vol.108, issue.6, p.110, 2001.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.108.6.e110

D. Oriot, E. Darrieux, A. Boureau-voultoury, S. Ragot, and M. Scépi, Validation of a Performance Assessment Scale for Simulated Intraosseous Access, Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, vol.7, issue.3, pp.171-175, 2012.
DOI : 10.1097/SIH.0b013e31824a5c20

J. B. House, S. Dooley-hash, T. Kowalenko, A. Sikavitsas, D. M. Seeyave et al., Prospective Comparison of Live Evaluation and Video Review in the Evaluation of Operator Performance in a Pediatric Emergency Airway Simulation, Journal of Graduate Medical Education, vol.4, issue.3, pp.312-316, 2012.
DOI : 10.4300/JGME-D-11-00123.1

K. Berg, L. A. Riesenberg, D. Berg, A. Schaeffer, J. Davis et al., The Development of a Validated Checklist for Radial Arterial Line Placement, American Journal of Medical Quality, vol.84, issue.8, pp.242-246, 2014.
DOI : 10.1177/1062860613492189

S. Abrahamson, Effectiveness of a simulator in training anesthesiology residents Qual Saf Health Care, pp.395-402, 1969.

B. Aubert, Impact d???un apprentissage pr??alable par simulation sur la performance des ??tudiants en m??decine ?? la mise en place de voie veineuse p??riph??rique sur patient??: ??tude prospective randomis??e, Annales Fran??aises d'Anesth??sie et de R??animation, vol.33, p.294, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annfar.2014.07.497

G. Audibert and C. Varoqui, Créer un laboratoire d'enseignement par simulation en médecine d'urgence et en anesthésie-réanimation : Objectifs et Contraintes, 2008.

H. Barrows, An overview of the uses of standardized patients for teaching and evaluating clinical skills. AAMC, Academic Medicine, vol.68, issue.6, pp.443-51, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00001888-199306000-00002

. Bartram, Fidélité et validité Les tests, mode d'emploi : Guide pratique de psychométrie. Les Editions du Centre de Psychologie Appliquée, p.180, 1994.

P. Béguin, La simulation en ergonomie: Connaître, agir et interagir. Octares, 1997.

J. Bernaud, Les méthodes d'évaluation de la personnalité, 1998.

L. Beydon, La simulation en anesth??sie r??animation??: profil et point de vue des centres fran??ais????? une enqu??te du Coll??ge fran??ais des anesth??sistes r??animateurs, Annales Fran??aises d'Anesth??sie et de R??animation, vol.29, issue.11, pp.782-788, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annfar.2010.08.013

D. Biarent, European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 6. Paediatric life support, Resuscitation, vol.81, issue.10, pp.1364-88, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.012

S. Boet, La simulation en santé: De la théorie à la pratique, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/978-2-8178-0469-9

S. Boet, La simulation en santé en Amérique du Nord : état actuel et évolution après deux décennies. Ann Fr Anesth Réanimation, pp.353-360, 2014.

J. Boulet, Summative Assessment in Medicine: The Promise of Simulation for High-stakes Evaluation, Academic Emergency Medicine, vol.26, issue.Suppl 1, pp.1017-1041, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00228.x

J. Boulet and D. Murray, Simulation-based Assessment in Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, vol.112, issue.4, pp.1041-52
DOI : 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181cea265

R. Brennan, A reliable and valid method for evaluating cardiopulmonary resuscitation training outcomes, Resuscitation, vol.32, issue.2, pp.85-93, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0300-9572(96)00967-7

F. Bressan, Medical simulation in anesthesiology training. Minerva Anestesiol, Feb, vol.73, issue.12, pp.1-11, 2007.

M. Brett-fleegler, A Simulator-Based Tool That Assesses Pediatric Resident Resuscitation Competency, PEDIATRICS, vol.121, issue.3, pp.597-603, 2008.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2005-1259

V. Bullough and L. Sentz, American nursing: a biographical dictionary. Garland, 1992.

J. Cardinet and Y. Tourneur, Assurer la mesure, guide pour les études de généralisabilité, 1985.

D. Chandra, Fiberoptic Oral Intubation, Anesthesiology, vol.109, issue.6, pp.1007-1020, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d6c3c

A. Cheng, Technology-Enhanced Simulation and Pediatric Education: A Meta-analysis, PEDIATRICS, vol.133, issue.5, pp.1313-1336, 2014.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2013-2139

A. Cheng, Debriefing for technology-enhanced simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Medical Education, vol.34, issue.9, pp.657-66
DOI : 10.1111/medu.12432

L. Collongues, Pneumoscope du Dr Collongues ou mannequin d'auscultation pour l'instruction des étudiants en médecine. Collin

D. Cook, Technology-Enhanced Simulation for Health Professions Education, JAMA, vol.306, issue.9, pp.978-88, 2011.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2011.1234

J. Cooper and V. Taqueti, A brief history of the development of mannequin simulators for clinical education and training. Qual Saf Health Care, pp.11-19, 2004.

A. Coudray and . Du, Abrégé de l'art des accouchements: dans lequel on donne les préceptes nécessaires pour le mettre heureusement en pratique

H. Daelmans, Effectiveness of clinical rotations as a learning environment for achieving competences. Med Teach, pp.305-317, 2004.

S. Dawe, A Systematic Review of Surgical Skills Transfer After Simulation-Based Training, Annals of Surgery, vol.259, issue.2, pp.1063-76
DOI : 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000245

P. Donnelly, Evaluating CPR performance in basic life support:, Resuscitation, vol.36, issue.1, pp.51-58, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0300-9572(97)00092-0

W. Eppich, Emergency and critical care pediatrics: use of medical simulation for training in acute pediatric emergencies, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, vol.18, issue.3, pp.266-71, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.mop.0000193309.22462.c9

B. Falissard, Mesurer la subjectivité en santé: Perspective méthodologique et statistique, 2008.

N. Gelbart, The King's Midwife: A History and Mystery of Madame Du Coudray, 1998.

E. Gilfoyle, Development of a leadership skills workshop in paediatric advanced resuscitation. Med Teach, pp.276-83, 2007.

H. Autorité and D. Santé, Développement Professionnel Continu et Simulation en santé -Fiche technique méthode [Internet]. Evaluation et amélioration des pratiques Available from

. Haute-autorité-en-santé, Rapport de mission : Etat de l'art (national et international) en matière de pratiques de simulation dans le domaine de la santé -Dans le cadre du développement professionnel continu (DPC) et de la prévention des risques associés aux soins

P. Van-der-heide, Assessment of neonatal resuscitation skills: A reliable and valid scoring system, Resuscitation, vol.71, issue.2, pp.212-233, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.04.009

E. R. Herrmann, . Mrs, and . Chase, Before there were Smart Hospitals and Sim- Men, there was " Mrs. Chase, Imprint, vol.55, issue.2, pp.52-57, 2008.

J. House, Prospective Comparison of Live Evaluation and Video Review in the Evaluation of Operator Performance in a Pediatric Emergency Airway Simulation, Journal of Graduate Medical Education, vol.4, issue.3, pp.312-318, 2012.
DOI : 10.4300/JGME-D-11-00123.1

S. Issenberg, Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: a BEME systematic review, Medical Teacher, vol.22, issue.1, pp.10-28, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/01421590500046924

D. Kassebaum and R. Eaglen, Shortcomings in the evaluation of students?? clinical skills and behaviors in medical school, Academic Medicine, vol.74, issue.7, pp.842-851, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00001888-199907000-00020

P. Kline, An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis, 1994.

M. Kurrek and K. Fish, Anaesthesia crisis resource management training: an intimidating concept, a rewarding experience, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.72, issue.5, pp.430-434, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03018101

V. Lassalle, Enquête européenne sur la pratique de la simulation médicale pédiatrique. Ann Fr Anesth Réanimation, pp.7-8628, 2009.

D. Laveault and J. Grégoire, Introduction aux théories des tests: En psychologie et en sciences de l'éducation, 2002.

J. Lockyer, The Development and Testing of a Performance Checklist to Assess Neonatal Resuscitation Megacode Skill, PEDIATRICS, vol.118, issue.6, pp.1739-1783, 2006.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2006-0537

B. Marck, Histoire de l'aviation. Flammarion, 1997.

S. Messick and . Validity, Educational Measurement); 1989, pp.13-103

L. Mileder, Simulation-Based Neonatal and Infant Resuscitation Teaching: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials, Klinische P??diatrie, vol.226, issue.05, pp.259-67, 2014.
DOI : 10.1055/s-0034-1372621

G. Miller, The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance, Academic Medicine, vol.65, issue.9, pp.63-70, 1990.
DOI : 10.1097/00001888-199009000-00045

D. Mills, Simulation Training as a Mechanism for Procedural and Resuscitation Education for Pediatric Residents: A Systematic Review, Hospital Pediatrics, vol.3, issue.2, pp.167-76
DOI : 10.1542/hpeds.2012-0041

D. Mills, High-fidelity simulation enhances pediatric residents' retention, knowledge, procedural proficiency, group resuscitation performance, and experience in pediatric resuscitation. Hosp Pediatr, pp.266-75, 2013.

L. Mokkink, The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study, Quality of Life Research, vol.41, issue.4, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11136-010-9606-8

W. Nehring and F. Lashley, High-Fidelity Patient Simulation in Nursing Education, 2010.

J. Neily, Association Between Implementation of a Medical Team Training Program and Surgical Mortality, JAMA, vol.304, issue.15, pp.1693-700, 2010.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2010.1506

Y. Okuda, The Utility of Simulation in Medical Education: What Is the Evidence?, Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine, vol.15, issue.4, pp.330-373, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/msj.20127

D. Oriot, Validation of a Performance Assessment Scale for Simulated Intraosseous Access, Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, vol.7, issue.3, pp.171-176
DOI : 10.1097/SIH.0b013e31824a5c20

D. Oriot, Intérêt de la simulation en pédiatrie. Arch Pédiatrie. 2013 juin, pp.667-72

F. Overly, High-fidelity medical simulation as an assessment tool for pediatric residents' airway management skills. Pediatr Emerg Care, pp.11-16, 2007.

H. Owen, Early Use of Simulation in Medical Education, Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, vol.7, issue.2, pp.102-118
DOI : 10.1097/SIH.0b013e3182415a91

J. Paige, Debriefing 101: training faculty to promote learning in simulation-based training, The American Journal of Surgery, vol.209, issue.1, pp.126-157
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.05.034

M. Passiment, Medical Simulation in Medical Education : Results of an AAMC Survey [Internet]. Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC); 2011. Available from: https, 259760.

L. Quan, Evaluation of Resuscitation Skills in New Residents Before and After Pediatric Advanced Life Support Course, PEDIATRICS, vol.108, issue.6, p.110, 2001.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.108.6.e110

J. Reid, The Simulation Team Assessment Tool (STAT): Development, reliability and validation, Resuscitation, vol.83, issue.7, pp.879-86
DOI : 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.12.012

R. Remmen, An evaluation study of the didactic quality of clerkships, Medical Education, vol.73, issue.6, pp.460-464, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00467.x

J. Rolfe and K. Staples, Flight Simulation, 1988.

G. Savoldelli, [Les barri??res ?? ??utilisation de la formation bas??e sur simulateur], Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesth??sie, vol.88, issue.Suppl 1, pp.944-50, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03022056

G. Savoldelli, Value of Debriefing during Simulated Crisis Management, Anesthesiology, vol.105, issue.2, pp.279-85, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200608000-00010

E. Weinberg, The use of simulation for pediatric training and assessment, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, vol.21, issue.3, pp.282-289, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832b32dc

P. Yager, Advances in simulation for pediatric critical care and emergency medicine, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, vol.23, issue.3, pp.293-300, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3283464aaf

E. By, Vidacare -système d'infusion intra-osseuse -Instructions d'utilisation [Internet] Available from, 2006.

. Loi, portant réforme de l'hôpital et relative aux patients, à la santé et aux territoires, 2009.

|. Musées-en-haute-normandie, «. La, ». De-madame-du, and . Coudray, Available from: http://www.musees-haute-normandie

. Notre and . Internet, Available from: http://www.laerdal.com/fr/doc