J. Laulan, J. Hérard, and G. Bacle, Épidémiologie, physiopathologie et classification des traumatismes du poignet. Lett Médecine Phys Réadapt, pp.4-8, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s11659-009-0124-4

M. Mcqueen, Scaphoid fracture epidemiology, J Trauma Acute Care Surg, p.2012

C. Larsen and J. Lauritsen, Epidemiology of Acute Wrist Trauma, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.22, issue.5
DOI : 10.1093/ije/22.5.911

D. Green, R. Hotchkiss, W. Pederson, and S. Wolfe, Green's operative hand surgery -Fifth edition, 2005.

B. Graham, Diagnosis of closed wrist injuries. Lancet, Jun, vol.22347, issue.9017, p.1709, 1996.

P. Pin, V. Young, L. Gilula, and P. Weeks, Wrist Pain, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol.85, issue.1, pp.42-48, 1990.
DOI : 10.1097/00006534-199001000-00008

M. Merle and G. Dautel, La main traumatique -2 : Chirurgie secondaire -Le poignet traumatique, 1994.

L. Testut, Articulation du poignet In: Traité d'anatomie humaine -Tome premier. Paris : Octave Doin; 1899, pp.512-534

A. Charpy, A. Nicolas, A. Prenant, and P. Jacques, Articulations du poignet In: Traité d'anatomie humaine -Tome Premier, pp.608-630

H. Guly, Injuries initially misdiagnosed as sprained wrist (Beware the sprained wrist), Emergency Medicine Journal, vol.19, issue.1, pp.41-43, 2002.
DOI : 10.1136/emj.19.1.41

W. Jones, Beware the sprained wrist. The incidence and diagnosis of scapholunate instability, J Bone Joint Surg Br, vol.70, issue.2, pp.293-300, 1988.

T. Bergh, T. Lindau, S. Bernardshaw, M. Behzadi, L. Soldal et al., A new definition of wrist sprain necessary after findings in a prospective MRI study, Injury, vol.43, issue.10
DOI : 10.1016/j.injury.2012.06.028

C. Pierre-jerome, V. Moncayo, U. Albastaki, and M. Terk, Multiple occult wrist bone injuries and joint effusions: prevalence and distribution on MRI, Emergency Radiology, vol.31, issue.11, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s10140-009-0827-5

A. Fotiadou, A. Patel, T. Morgan, A. Karantanas, J. Groothoff et al., Wrist injuries in young adults: the diagnostic impact of CT and MRI Time off work due to scaphoid fractures and other carpal injuries in The Netherlands in the period 1990 to 1993, Eur J Radiol Feb J Hand Surg Br, vol.7724, issue.22, pp.235-244, 1999.

I. Stiell and G. Wells, Methodologic Standards for the Development of Clinical Decision Rules in Emergency Medicine, Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol.33, issue.4, pp.437-484, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0196-0644(99)70309-4

G. Tudor, D. Finlay, and N. Taub, An assessment of inter-observer agreement and accuracy when reporting plain radiographs, Clinical Radiology, vol.52, issue.3, pp.235-243, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-9260(97)80280-2

P. Taourel, Imagerie des urgences, 2001.

C. Dumontier, F. Zeitoun, J. Laredo, and D. Petrover, Imagerie rhumatologique et orthopédique -Tome 2 -Rachis, ceinture scapulaire et membre supérieur

A. Bhat, B. Kumar, and A. Acharya, Sauramps Médical; 2013. 22 Radiographic imaging of the wrist, Indian J

J. Cohen, A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales, Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol.20, issue.1, pp.37-46, 1960.
DOI : 10.1177/001316446002000104

J. Fleiss, B. Levin, C. Myunghee, J. Landis, and G. Koch, Statistical methods for rates and proportions, Third Edition The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data, Biometrics, vol.2533, issue.1, pp.159-74, 1977.

T. Byrt, J. Bishop, and J. Carlin, Bias, prevalence and kappa, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol.46, issue.5
DOI : 10.1016/0895-4356(93)90018-V

J. Sim and C. Wright, The Kappa statistic in reliability studies: use, interpretation, and sample size requirements. Phys Ther, pp.257-68, 2005.

M. Rotondi and A. Donner, A confidence interval approach to sample size estimation for interobserver agreement studies with multiple raters and outcomes, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol.65, issue.7
DOI : 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.10.019

P. Macaskill, L. Irwig, and N. Bogduk, Charte de l'utilisateur pour l'usage du système d'information du CHU de Bordeaux The development of a quality appraisal tool for studies of diagnostic reliability (QAREL), Direction du Système d'Information, 2010.

N. Lucas, P. Macaskill, L. Irwig, R. Moran, L. Rickards et al., The reliability of a quality appraisal tool for studies of diagnostic reliability (QAREL) BMC

A. Feinstein and D. Cicchetti, High agreement but low Kappa: I. the problems of two paradoxes, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol.43, issue.6, pp.543-552, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0895-4356(90)90158-L

D. Cicchetti and A. Feinstein, High agreement but low kappa: II. Resolving the paradoxes, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol.43, issue.6, pp.551-559, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0895-4356(90)90159-M

R. Zwick, Another look at interrater agreement., Psychological Bulletin, vol.103, issue.3, 1988.
DOI : 10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.374

W. Vach, The dependence of Cohen's kappa on the prevalence does not matter, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol.58, issue.7, pp.655-61, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.02.021

A. Kitay and S. Wolfe, Scapholunate Instability: Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Management, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.37, issue.10, pp.2175-96, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.07.035

E. Hofmeister, K. Dao, K. Glowacki, and A. Shin, The role of midcarpal arthroscopy in the diagnosis of disorders of the wrist, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.26, issue.3, 2001.
DOI : 10.1053/jhsu.2001.24973

T. Magee, Comparison of 3-T MRI and Arthroscopy of Intrinsic Wrist Ligament and TFCC Tears, American Journal of Roentgenology, vol.192, issue.1, pp.80-85, 2009.
DOI : 10.2214/AJR.08.1089

K. Sigurdardottir, S. Halldorsson, and J. Robertsson, Epidemiology and treatment of distal radius fractures in Reykjavik, Iceland, in 2004, Acta Orthopaedica, vol.35, issue.5, pp.494-502, 2004.
DOI : 10.3109/17453674.2011.606074

P. Bakker and A. , Diagnosing scaphoid fractures: radiographs cannot be used as a gold standard! Injury, pp.77-86, 1992.

W. Mallee, J. Mellema, T. Guitton, J. Goslings, D. Ring et al., 6-week radiographs unsuitable for diagnosis of suspected scaphoid fractures

P. Robinson, D. Wilson, C. A. Murphy, A. Verow, and P. , Variation between experienced observers in the interpretation of accident and emergency radiographs., The British Journal of Radiology, vol.72, issue.856
DOI : 10.1259/bjr.72.856.10474490

C. Kural, I. Sungur, I. Kaya, A. Ugras, A. Ertürk et al., Evaluation of the Reliability of Classification Systems Used for Distal Radius Fractures, Orthopedics, 2010.
DOI : 10.3928/01477447-20100924-14

C. Plant, C. Hickson, H. Hedley, N. Parsons, and M. Costa, Is it time to revisit the AO classification of fractures of the distal radius?: Inter- and intra-observer reliability of the AO classification, The Bone & Joint Journal, vol.97, issue.6, pp.818-841
DOI : 10.1302/0301-620X.97B6.33844

J. Parvizi, J. Wayman, P. Kelly, and C. Moran, Combining the clinical signs improves diagnosis of scaphoid fracturesA prospective study with follow-up, The Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand, vol.23, issue.3, pp.324-331, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0266-7681(98)80050-8

R. Grover, Clinical assessment of scaphoid injuries and the detection of fractures, The Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand, vol.21, issue.3, pp.341-344, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0266-7681(05)80197-4

M. Waizenegger, N. Barton, T. Davis, and M. Wastie, Clinical signs in scaphoid fractures, The Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand, vol.19, issue.6, pp.743-750, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-7681(94)90249-6

P. Freeland, Scaphoid tubercle tenderness: a better indicator of scaphoid fractures? Arch Emerg Med, pp.46-50, 1989.

T. Dorsay, N. Major, and C. Helms, Cost-Effectiveness of Immediate MR Imaging Versus Traditional Follow-Up for Revealing Radiographically Occult Scaphoid Fractures, American Journal of Roentgenology, vol.177, issue.6, pp.1257-63, 2001.
DOI : 10.2214/ajr.177.6.1771257

D. Thavarajah, T. Syed, Y. Shah, and M. Wetherill, Does scaphoid bone bruising lead to occult fracture? A prospective study of 50 patients, Injury, vol.42, issue.11, pp.1303-1309, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.injury.2011.02.020

A. Ilica, S. Ozyurek, O. Kose, and M. Durusu, Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography for patients with suspected scaphoid fractures and negative radiographic examinations, Japanese Journal of Radiology, vol.215, issue.2, pp.98-103, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11604-010-0520-3

C. Gäbler, Occult scaphoid fractures: comparison of multidetector CT and MR imaging--initial experience, Radiology, vol.240, issue.1, pp.169-76, 2006.

Z. Yin, J. Zhang, S. Kan, and X. Wang, Diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities for suspected scaphoid fractures: Meta-analysis combined with latent class analysis, The Bone & Joint Journal, vol.94, issue.8, pp.1077-85, 2012.
DOI : 10.1302/0301-620X.94B8.28998

D. Biswas, J. Bible, M. Bohan, A. Simpson, P. Whang et al., Radiation Exposure from Musculoskeletal Computerized Tomographic Scans, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, vol.91, issue.8, pp.1882-1891, 2009.
DOI : 10.2106/JBJS.H.01199

P. Jenkins, K. Slade, J. Huntley, and C. Robinson, A comparative analysis of the accuracy, diagnostic uncertainty and cost of imaging modalities in suspected scaphoid fractures, Injury, vol.39, issue.7, pp.768-74, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.injury.2008.01.003

M. Breitenseher, V. Metz, L. Gilula, C. Gaebler, C. Kukla et al., Radiographically occult scaphoid fractures: value of MR imaging in detection., Radiology, vol.203, issue.1
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.203.1.9122402

D. Zwart, A. Beeres, F. Rhemrev, S. Bartlema, K. Schipper et al., Comparison of MRI, CT and bone scintigraphy for suspected scaphoid fractures Diagnostic problems of scaphoid fractures: the value of radionuclide bone scintigraphy, Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg Nov Neth J Surg, vol.10, issue.70, 1990.

Z. Yin, J. Zhang, S. Kan, and X. Wang, Diagnosing Suspected Scaphoid Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research??, vol.27, issue.3, pp.723-757, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11999-009-1081-6

K. Finlay, R. Lee, and L. Friedman, Computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging versus bone scintigraphy for clinically suspected scaphoid fractures in patients with negative plain radiographs Ultrasound of intrinsic wrist ligament and triangular fibrocartilage injuries, Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Skeletal Radiol. Feb, vol.633, issue.2, pp.10023-7385, 2004.

S. Bajaj, N. Pattamapaspong, W. Middleton, and S. Teefey, Ultrasound of the Hand and Wrist, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.34, issue.4, pp.759-60, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.02.010

M. Jackson and J. Henderson, Following trauma, should adult wrist radiographic examinations be two or three projections? Emerg Radiol, pp.87-93, 2010.

G. Cheung, C. Lever, and A. Morris, X-ray diagnosis of acute scaphoid fractures, The Journal of Hand Surgery: British & European Volume, vol.31, issue.1, pp.104-113, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.09.001

. Institut-de-radioprotection-et-de-sûreté-nucléaire, A. Ng, C. Tong, J. Griffith, W. Tse et al., Doses délivrées aux patients en scanographie et en radiologie conventionnelle -Résultats d'une enquête multicentrique en secteur public -Rapport DRPH/SER n°2010-12 Intrinsic ligament and triangular fibrocartilage complex tears of the wrist: comparison of MDCT arthrography, conventional 3-T MRI, and MR arthrography, Skeletal Radiol

M. Ringler, MRI of Wrist Ligaments, The Journal of Hand Surgery, vol.38, issue.10, pp.2034-2080, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.02.042

B. Sprague and E. Justis, Nonunion of the carpal navicular. Modes of treatment

O. Langhoff and J. Andersen, Consequences of late immobilization of scaphoid fracture, The Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand, vol.13, issue.1, pp.77-86, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0266-7681(88)90058-7

D. Duncan and A. Thurston, Clinical fracture of the carpal scaphoid???An illusionary diagnosis, The Journal of Hand Surgery: British & European Volume, vol.10, issue.3, pp.375-381, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0266-7681(85)80065-6

S. Jacobsen, G. Hassani, D. Hansen, and O. Christensen, Suspected scaphoid fractures. Can we avoid overkill?, Acta Orthop Belg, vol.61, issue.2, pp.74-82, 1995.

G. Low and N. Raby, Can follow-up radiography for acute scaphoid fracture still be considered a valid investigation? Clin Radiol, pp.1106-1116, 2005.

Z. Yin, J. Zhang, K. Gong, J. Karl, E. Swart et al., Cost-Effectiveness of Diagnostic Strategies for Suspected Scaphoid Fractures, Diagnosis of Occult Scaphoid Fractures, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000316

T. Kelson, R. Davidson, and T. Baker, Early MRI versus conventional management in the detection of occult scaphoid fractures: what does it really cost? A rural pilot study, Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences, vol.1, issue.1, pp.9-16, 2016.
DOI : 10.1002/jmrs.153

N. Patel, N. Davies, Z. Mirza, and M. Watson, Cost and clinical effectiveness of MRI in occult scaphoid fractures: a randomised controlled trial, Emergency Medicine Journal, vol.30, issue.3, p.2013
DOI : 10.1136/emermed-2011-200676

W. Roolker, M. Maas, and A. Broekhuizen, Diagnosis and treatment of scaphoid fractures, can non-union be prevented?, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, vol.119, issue.7-8, pp.7-8428, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004020050014

D. Young and A. Giachino, Clinical examination of scaphoid fractures. Phys Sportsmed, pp.97-105, 2009.

M. Walenkamp and N. Schep, Re: Is there a need for a clinical decision rule in blunt wrist trauma?, Injury, vol.45, issue.11, pp.1798-1807, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.injury.2013.09.033

M. Walenkamp, A. Bentohami, A. Slaar, M. Beerekamp, M. Maas et al., The Amsterdam wrist rules: the multicenter prospective derivation and external validation of a clinical decision rule for the use of radiography in acute wrist trauma, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol.269, issue.9, p.389, 2015.
DOI : 10.1186/s12891-015-0829-2

S. Série-des, Lésion traumatique de muscles et de tendons au niveau de l'avant-bras Série des S57 : Écrasement de l'avant-bras