H. H. Bendixen, J. Hedley-whyte, and M. B. Laver, Impaired Oxygenation in Surgical Patients during General Anesthesia with Controlled Ventilation, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.269, issue.19, pp.991-96, 1963.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM196311072691901

V. A. Lawrence, R. Dhanda, S. G. Hilsenbeck, and C. P. Page, Risk of Pulmonary Complications After Elective Abdominal Surgery, Chest, vol.110, issue.3, pp.744-50, 1996.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.110.3.744

B. E. Marshall and M. Q. Wyche, Hypoxemia during and after Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, vol.37, issue.2, pp.178-209, 1972.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-197208000-00009

R. Morris and . Spragg, Report of the American-European Consensus Conference on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Definitions, Mechanisms, Relevant Outcomes, and Clinical Trial Coordination. Consensus Committee, Journal of Critical Care, vol.9, issue.1, pp.72-81, 1994.

J. Constantin, S. Jaber, E. Futier, S. Cayot-constantin, M. Verny-pic et al., Respiratory effects of different recruitment maneuvers in acute respiratory distress syndrome, Critical Care, vol.12, issue.2, 2008.
DOI : 10.1186/cc6869

T. Ards-definition, . Force, V. Ranieri, G. Rubenfeld, B. Thompson et al., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Berlin Definition, JAMA, vol.307, issue.23, pp.2526-2559, 2012.

V. Ranieri, N. Eissa, C. Corbeil, M. Chassé, M. Braidy et al., Effects of Positive End-expiratory Pressure on Alveolar Recruitment and Gas Exchange in Patients with the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, American Review of Respiratory Disease, vol.144, issue.3_pt_1, pp.544-51, 1991.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm/144.3_Pt_1.544

E. Futier, J. Constantin, C. Paugam-burtz, J. Pascal, M. Eurin et al., A Trial of Intraoperative Low-Tidal-Volume Ventilation in Abdominal Surgery, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.369, issue.5, pp.428-465, 2013.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1301082

M. Rusca, S. Proietti, P. Schnyder, P. Frascarolo, G. Hedenstierna et al., Prevention of Atelectasis Formation During Induction of General Anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.97, issue.6, pp.1835-1874, 2003.
DOI : 10.1213/01.ANE.0000087042.02266.F6

K. Tseuda, M. Debrand, A. Bivins, D. Wright, and W. Griffen, Pulmonary Complications in the Morbidly Obese Following Jejunoileal Bypass Surgery under Narcotic Anesthesia, International Surgery, vol.65, issue.2, pp.123-152, 1980.

P. Renaudier, D. Rebibo, C. Waller, S. Schlanger, V. Mai et al., Complications pulmonaires de la transfusion (TACO???TRALI), Transfusion Clinique et Biologique, vol.16, issue.2, pp.218-250, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tracli.2009.04.008

R. Esra and C. Waters, What Do We Know about Mechanical Strain in Lung Alveoli, American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol.301, issue.5, pp.625-660, 2011.

A. Slutsky and V. Ranieri, Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.369, issue.22, pp.2126-2162, 2013.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMra1208707

B. Dureuil, J. Cantineau, and J. Desmonts, EFFECTS OF UPPER OR LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERY ON DIAPHRAGMATIC FUNCTION, BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.59, issue.10, pp.1230-1265, 1987.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/59.10.1230

G. B. Russell and G. J. , Hypoxemic Episodes of Patients in a Postanesthesia Care Unit, Chest, vol.104, issue.3, pp.899-903, 1993.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.104.3.899

B. Brismar, G. Hedenstierna, H. Lundquist, A. Strandberg, L. Svensson et al., Pulmonary Densities during Anesthesia with Muscular Relaxation???A Proposal of Atelectasis, Anesthesiology, vol.62, issue.4, pp.422-450, 1985.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-198504000-00009

H. U. Rothen, P. Neumann, J. Berglund, J. Valtysson, A. Magnusson et al., Dynamics of re-expansion of atelectasis during general anaesthesia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, vol.82, issue.4, pp.551-56, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/bja/82.4.551

E. Futier, J. Constantin, P. Pelosi, G. Chanques, F. Kwiatkoskwi et al., Intraoperative Recruitment Maneuver Reverses Detrimental Pneumoperitoneum-induced Respiratory Effects in Healthy Weight and Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopy, Anesthesiology, vol.113, issue.6, pp.1310-1329, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fc640a

E. Futier, J. Constantin, P. Pelosi, G. Chanques, A. Massone et al., Noninvasive Ventilation and Alveolar Recruitment Maneuver Improve Respiratory Function during and after Intubation of Morbidly Obese Patients, Anesthesiology, vol.114, issue.6, pp.1354-63, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31821811ba

. Xi, L. Xiu-ming, B. Jiang, R. Zhu, and . Group, Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Recruitment Maneuver in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Using Low Tidal

R. Serita, H. Morisaki, and J. Takeda, An individualized recruitment maneuver for mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery, Journal of Anesthesia, vol.44, issue.5Suppl2, pp.87-92, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00540-008-0686-3

E. Futier, E. Marret, and S. Jaber, Perioperative Positive Pressure Ventilation, Anesthesiology, vol.121, issue.2, pp.400-408, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000335