. Meier, Le seuil de significativité était placé à 0,05 pour tous les tests

F. Lee and M. Giaffer, Crohn's disease of late onset in Blackpool., Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol.63, issue.740, pp.471-473, 1987.
DOI : 10.1136/pgmj.63.740.471

I. Grimm and L. Friedman, Inflammatory bowel disease in the elderly, Gastroenterol Clin North Am. juin, vol.19, issue.2, pp.361-89, 1990.

R. Stalnikowicz, R. Eliakim, R. Diab, and D. Rachmilewitz, Crohn??s Disease in the Elderly, Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, vol.11, issue.4, pp.411-416, 1989.
DOI : 10.1097/00004836-198908000-00013

P. Harper, T. Mcauliffe, and W. Beeken, Crohn's Disease in the Elderly, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.146, issue.4, pp.753-758, 1986.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.1986.00360160189025

G. Nguyen, L. Sheng, and E. Benchimol, Health Care Utilization in Elderly Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, vol.21, issue.4, pp.777-82, 2015.
DOI : 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000306

M. Charlson, P. Pompei, K. Ales, and C. Mackenzie, A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation, Journal of Chronic Diseases, vol.40, issue.5, pp.373-83, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8

M. Charlson, T. Szatrowski, J. Peterson, and J. Gold, Validation of a combined comorbidity index, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol.47, issue.11, pp.1245-51, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90129-5

R. Deyo, D. Cherkin, and M. Ciol, Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol.45, issue.6, pp.613-622, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90133-8

S. Truelove and L. Witts, Cortisone in Ulcerative Colitis, BMJ, vol.2, issue.4947, p.1041, 1955.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.2.4947.1041

A. Dignass, G. Assche, J. Lindsay, M. Lémann, J. Söderholm et al., The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: Current management, Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, vol.4, issue.1, pp.28-62, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crohns.2009.12.002

S. Lichtiger, D. Present, A. Kornbluth, I. Gelernt, J. Bauer et al., Cyclosporine in Severe Ulcerative Colitis Refractory to Steroid Therapy, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.330, issue.26, pp.1841-1846, 1994.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199406303302601

P. Rutgeerts, W. Sandborn, B. Feagan, W. Reinisch, A. Olson et al., Infliximab for Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.353, issue.23, pp.2462-2476, 2005.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa050516

S. Kedia, V. Ahuja, and R. Tandon, Management of acute severe ulcerative colitis, World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, vol.5, issue.4, pp.579-88, 2014.
DOI : 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.579

G. Rodriguez, L. Gonzalez-perez, A. Johansson, S. Wallander, and M. , Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in the general population, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol.37, issue.4, pp.309-324, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02270.x

V. Criscuoli, A. Casà, A. Orlando, G. Pecoraro, L. Oliva et al., Severe acute colitis associated with CMV: a prevalence study, Digestive and Liver Disease, vol.36, issue.12, pp.818-838, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dld.2004.05.013

S. Travis, J. Farrant, C. Ricketts, D. Nolan, N. Mortensen et al., Predicting outcome in severe ulcerative colitis., Gut, vol.38, issue.6, pp.905-910, 1996.
DOI : 10.1136/gut.38.6.905

M. Silverberg, J. Satsangi, T. Ahmad, I. Arnott, C. Bernstein et al., Toward an Integrated Clinical, Molecular and Serological Classification of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology, Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology, pp.5-36, 2005.
DOI : 10.1155/2005/269076

D. Turner, C. Walsh, A. Steinhart, and A. Griffiths, Response to Corticosteroids in Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature and a Meta-Regression, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol.5, issue.1, pp.103-113, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.09.033

S. Truelove and D. Jewell, Intensive intravenous regimen for severe attacks of ulcerative colitis. The Lancet, pp.1067-1070, 1974.

S. Lindgren, L. Flood, A. Kilander, R. Löfberg, T. Persson et al., Early predictors of glucocorticosteroid treatment failure in severe and moderately severe attacks of ulcerative colitis, European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, vol.10, issue.10, pp.831-836, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00042737-199810000-00003

A. Ananthakrishnan, E. Mcginley, D. Binion, and K. Saeian, Simple score to identify colectomy risk in ulcerative colitis hospitalizations, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, vol.16, issue.9, pp.1532-1572, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/ibd.21225

J. Randall, B. Singh, B. Warren, S. Travis, N. Mortensen et al., Delayed surgery for acute severe colitis is associated with increased risk of postoperative complications, British Journal of Surgery, vol.44, issue.3, pp.404-413, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/bjs.6874

D. Haens, G. Lemmens, L. Geboes, K. Vandeputte, L. Van-acker et al., Intravenous cyclosporine versus intravenous corticosteroids as single therapy for severe attacks of ulcerative colitis, Gastroenterology, vol.120, issue.6, pp.1323-1332, 2001.
DOI : 10.1053/gast.2001.23983

. Randomized, double-blind comparison of 4 mg/kg versus 2 mg/kg intravenous cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis, Gastroenterology, vol.125, issue.4, pp.1025-1031, 2003.

M. Sternthal, S. Murphy, J. George, A. Kornbluth, S. Lichtiger et al., Adverse Events Associated With the Use of Cyclosporine in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.32, issue.1
DOI : 10.1136/gut.2003.018515

S. Campbell, S. Travis, and D. Jewell, Ciclosporin use in acute ulcerative colitis, European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, vol.17, issue.1, pp.79-84, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/00042737-200501000-00016

D. Bojic, Z. Radojicic, M. Nedeljkovic-protic, A. , M. Jewell et al., Long-term outcome after admission for acute severe ulcerative colitis in Oxford: The 1992???1993 cohort, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, vol.15, issue.6, pp.823-831, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/ibd.20843

G. Järnerot, E. Hertervig, I. Friis-liby, L. Blomquist, P. Karlén et al., Infliximab as Rescue Therapy in Severe to Moderately Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study, Gastroenterology, vol.128, issue.7, pp.1805-1816, 2005.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.03.003

A. Gustavsson, G. Järnerot, E. Hertervig, I. Friis-liby, L. Blomquist et al., Clinical trial: colectomy after rescue therapy in ulcerative colitis - 3-year follow-up of the Swedish-Danish controlled infliximab study, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.2, issue.8
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04435.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00567043

S. Leblanc, M. Allez, P. Seksik, B. Flourié, H. Peeters et al., Successive Treatment With Cyclosporine and Infliximab in Steroid-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis, The American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.1, issue.4, pp.771-778, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04204.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00629687

J. Goligher, D. Hoffman, D. Dombal, and F. , Surgical Treatment of Severe Attacks of Ulcerative Colitis, with Special Reference to the Advantages of Early Operation, BMJ, vol.4, issue.5737, pp.703-706, 1970.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.4.5737.703

G. Kaplan, E. Mccarthy, J. Ayanian, J. Korzenik, R. Hodin et al., Impact of Hospital Volume on Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality Following a Colectomy for Ulcerative Colitis, Gastroenterology, vol.134, issue.3, pp.680-687, 2008.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.004

S. Pal, P. Sahni, G. Pande, S. Acharya, and T. Chattopadhyay, Outcome following emergency surgery for refractory severe ulcerative colitis in a tertiary care centre in India, BMC Gastroenterology, vol.16, issue.8, p.39, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/gut.16.8.579

A. Alves, Y. Panis, Y. Bouhnik, V. Maylin, A. Lavergne-slove et al., Subtotal colectomy for severe acute colitis: a 20-year experience of a tertiary care center with an aggressive and early surgical policy, Journal of the American College of Surgeons, vol.197, issue.3, pp.379-85, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1072-7515(03)00434-4

N. Hyman, P. Cataldo, and T. Osler, Urgent Subtotal Colectomy for Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.48, issue.1, pp.70-73, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10350-004-0750-5

P. Andersson and J. Söderholm, Surgery in Ulcerative Colitis: Indication and Timing, Digestive Diseases, vol.27, issue.3, pp.335-375, 2009.
DOI : 10.1159/000228570

C. Selvasekar, R. Cima, D. Larson, E. Dozois, J. Harrington et al., Effect of Infliximab on Short-Term Complications in Patients Undergoing Operation for Chronic Ulcerative Colitis, Journal of the American College of Surgeons, vol.204, issue.5, pp.956-962, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.12.044

I. Mor, J. Vogel, A. Da-luz-moreira, B. Shen, J. Hammel et al., Infliximab in Ulcerative Colitis is Associated with an Increased Risk of Postoperative Complications After Restorative Proctocolectomy, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, vol.51, issue.8, pp.1202-1207, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10350-008-9364-7

M. Grainge, J. West, and T. Card, Venous thromboembolism during active disease and remission in inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study, The Lancet, vol.375, issue.9715, pp.657-63, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61963-2

G. Mantzaris, A. Hatzis, P. Kontogiannis, and G. Triadaphyllou, Intravenous tobramycin and metronidazole as an adjunct to corticosteroids in acute, severe ulcerative colitis, Am J Gastroenterol. janv, vol.89, issue.1, pp.43-49, 1994.

P. Brassard, A. Bitton, A. Suissa, L. Sinyavskaya, V. Patenaude et al., Oral Corticosteroids and the Risk of Serious Infections in Patients With Elderly-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, The American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.25, issue.11, pp.1795-1802, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.09.026

M. Toruner, E. Loftus, W. Harmsen, A. Zinsmeister, R. Orenstein et al., Risk Factors for Opportunistic Infections in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Gastroenterology, vol.134, issue.4, pp.929-965, 2008.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.012

M. Kim, A. Dam, and J. Green, Common GI Drug Interactions in the Elderly, Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology, vol.40, issue.6, pp.292-309, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s11938-014-0024-9

H. Fidder, F. Schnitzler, M. Ferrante, M. Noman, K. Katsanos et al., Long-term safety of infliximab for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a single-centre cohort study, Gut, vol.58, issue.4, pp.501-509, 2009.
DOI : 10.1136/gut.2008.163642

J. Colombel, E. Loftus, W. Tremaine, L. Egan, W. Harmsen et al., The safety profile of infliximab in patients with Crohn???s disease: The Mayo Clinic experience in 500 patients, Gastroenterology, vol.126, issue.1, pp.19-31, 2004.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.10.047

G. Lichtenstein, B. Feagan, R. Cohen, B. Salzberg, R. Diamond et al., Serious Infections and Mortality in Association With Therapies for Crohn???s Disease: TREAT Registry, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol.4, issue.5, pp.621-651, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.03.002

S. Schneeweiss, S. Setoguchi, M. Weinblatt, J. Katz, J. Avorn et al., Anti???tumor necrosis factor ?? therapy and the risk of serious bacterial infections in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.58, issue.6, pp.1754-64, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/art.22600

M. Cottone, A. Kohn, M. Daperno, A. Armuzzi, L. Guidi et al., Advanced Age Is an Independent Risk Factor for Severe Infections and Mortality in Patients Given Anti???Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol.9, issue.1, pp.30-35, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.09.026

A. Desai, Z. Zator, P. De-silva, D. Nguyen, J. Korzenik et al., Older Age Is Associated with Higher Rate of Discontinuation of Anti-TNF Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, vol.19, issue.2, pp.309-324, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/ibd.23026

M. Kim, S. Katz, and J. Green, Drug Management in the Elderly IBD Patient, Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology, vol.30, issue.11, pp.90-104, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s11938-014-0039-2

A. Ananthakrishnan, E. Mcginley, and D. Binion, T1168 Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Elderly Is Associated with Worse Outcomes: A National Study of Hospitalizations, Gastroenterology, vol.134, issue.4, pp.182-191, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S0016-5085(08)62327-6

M. Page, L. Poritz, S. Kunselman, and W. Koltun, Factors Affecting Surgical Risk in Elderly Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, vol.6, issue.4, pp.606-613, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1091-255X(01)00060-9

G. Almogy, C. Bodian, and A. Greenstein, Surgery for Late-Onset Ulcerative Colitis: Predictors of Short-term Outcome, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.37, issue.9, pp.1025-1033, 2002.
DOI : 10.1080/003655202320378202

B. Norris, M. Solomon, A. Eyers, R. West, D. Glenn et al., ABDOMINAL SURGERY IN THE OLDER CROHN'S POPULATION, ANZ Journal of Surgery, vol.69, issue.3, pp.199-204, 1999.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.146.4.753

C. Nordenvall, A. Ekbom, M. Bottai, K. Smedby, and P. Nilsson, Mortality after total colectomy in 3084 patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.11, issue.3, pp.280-287, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/apt.12844

G. Almogy, D. Sachar, C. Bodian, and A. Greenstein, Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis in Elderly Persons, Archives of Surgery, vol.136, issue.12, pp.1396-400, 1960.
DOI : 10.1001/archsurg.136.12.1396

F. Turrentine, H. Wang, V. Simpson, and R. Jones, Surgical Risk Factors, Morbidity, and Mortality in Elderly Patients, Journal of the American College of Surgeons, vol.203, issue.6, pp.865-77, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.026

C. Delaney, V. Fazio, F. Remzi, J. Hammel, J. Church et al., Prospective, Age-Related Analysis of Surgical Results, Functional Outcome, and Quality of Life After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis, Annals of Surgery, vol.238, issue.2, pp.221-229, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/01.sla.0000080825.95166.26

M. Dayton and K. Larsen, Should older patients undergo ileal pouch-anal anastomosis?, The American Journal of Surgery, vol.172, issue.5, pp.444-447, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9610(96)00253-X

Y. Takao, R. Gilliland, J. Nogueras, E. Weiss, and S. Wexner, Is Age Relevant to Functional Outcome After Restorative Proctocolectomy for Ulcerative Colitis?, Annals of Surgery, vol.227, issue.2, pp.187-94, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00000658-199802000-00006

D. Shung, B. Abraham, J. Sellin, and J. Hou, Medical and Surgical Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Elderly: A Systematic Review, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol.107, issue.5, pp.1132-1172, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s10620-014-3462-2

W. Longo, K. Virgo, A. Bahadursingh, and F. Johnson, Patterns of disease and surgical treatment among United States veterans more than 50 years of age with ulcerative colitis, The American Journal of Surgery, vol.186, issue.5, pp.514-522, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.07.001

H. Jones and A. Hoare, DOES ULCERATIVE COLITIS BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY IN THE ELDERLY?, Age and Ageing, vol.17, issue.6, pp.410-414, 1988.
DOI : 10.1093/ageing/17.6.410

H. Shi, W. Tang, C. Law, J. Sung, F. Chan et al., Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Phenotype and Clinical Outcomes of Older-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease, J Crohns Colitis, vol.054, 2016.

B. Pinchbeck, J. Kirdeikis, and A. Thomson, Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Northern Alberta, Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, vol.10, issue.5, pp.505-520, 1988.
DOI : 10.1097/00004836-198810000-00007

S. Shivananda, J. Lennard-jones, R. Logan, N. Fear, A. Price et al., Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease across Europe: is there a difference between north and south? Results of the European Collaborative Study on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EC-IBD)., Gut, vol.39, issue.5, pp.690-697, 1996.
DOI : 10.1136/gut.39.5.690

P. Persson, O. Bernell, C. Leijonmarck, B. Farahmand, G. Hellers et al., Survival and cause-specific mortality in inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based cohort study, Gastroenterology, vol.110, issue.5, pp.1339-1345, 1996.
DOI : 10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8613037

T. Card, R. Hubbard, and R. Logan, Mortality in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study, Gastroenterology, vol.125, issue.6, pp.1583-90, 2003.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.09.029

B. Calkins, A meta-analysis of the role of smoking in inflammatory bowel disease, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol.284, issue.12, pp.1841-54, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01536701

G. Riegler, M. Tartaglione, R. Carratú, D. Incá, R. Valpiani et al., Age-related clinical severity at diagnosis in 1705 patients with ulcerative colitis: a study by GISC (Italian Colon-Rectum Study Group), Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol.45, issue.3, pp.462-467, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005424603085

S. Kane and D. Reddy, Hormonal Replacement Therapy After Menopause Is Protective of Disease Activity in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.286, issue.5, pp.1193-1199, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-5273(01)00527-7

H. Ikeuchi, M. Uchino, H. Matsuoka, T. Bando, A. Hirata et al., Prognosis following emergency surgery for ulcerative colitis in elderly patients, Surgery Today, vol.9, issue.22, pp.39-43, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s00595-013-0563-z

T. Lobatón, M. Ferrante, P. Rutgeerts, V. Ballet, G. Van-assche et al., Efficacy and safety of anti-TNF therapy in elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.48, issue.Suppl. 5, pp.441-51, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/apt.13294

F. Edwards and S. Truelove, The course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis: Part I Short-term prognosis, Gut, vol.4, issue.4, pp.299-308, 1963.
DOI : 10.1136/gut.4.4.299

R. Nicholls, D. Clark, L. Kelso, A. Crowe, A. Knight et al., Nationwide linkage analysis in Scotland implicates age as the critical overall determinant of mortality in ulcerative colitis, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.29, issue.12
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04302.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00552551

R. Lynch, D. Lowe, A. Protheroe, R. Driscoll, J. Rhodes et al., Outcomes of rescue therapy in acute severe ulcerative colitis: data from the United Kingdom inflammatory bowel disease audit, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.60, issue.Suppl. 2, pp.935-980, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/apt.12473

D. Seah, D. Cruz, and P. , Review article: the practical management of acute severe ulcerative colitis, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.25, issue.6 Suppl., pp.482-513, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/apt.13491

S. Katz and R. Feldstein, Inflammatory bowel disease of the elderly: a wake-up call

S. De-silva, C. Ma, M. Proulx, M. Crespin, B. Kaplan et al., Postoperative Complications and Mortality Following Colectomy for Ulcerative Colitis, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol.9, issue.11, pp.972-80, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cgh.2011.07.016

M. Daperno, R. Sostegni, N. Scaglione, E. Ercole, C. Rigazio et al., Outcome of a conservative approach in severe ulcerative colitis, Digestive and Liver Disease, vol.36, issue.1, pp.21-29, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dld.2003.04.001

A. Laharie, J. Boureille, M. Branche, Y. Allez, and . Bouhnok, Long-term outcomes in a cohort of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis refractory to intravenous steroids treates with cyclosporine or infliximab