J. Ferlay, E. Steliarova-foucher, J. Lortet-tieulent, S. Rosso, J. Coebergh et al., Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries, 2012.

A. Bergström, C. Hsieh, P. Lindblad, C. Lu, N. Cook et al., survival and mortality for 17 cancer sites since the 1990s Obesity and renal cell cancer--a quantitative review, Lipworth L. Epidemiologic aspects of renal cell cancer, pp.1345-89115, 2000.

B. Wagner, J. Patard, A. Méjean, K. Bensalah, G. Verhoest et al., Prognostic Value of Renal Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Involvement in Renal Cell Carcinoma, European Urology, vol.55, issue.2, pp.452-461, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.07.053

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00315977

P. Karakiewicz, Q. Trinh, N. Bhojani, K. Bensalah, L. Salomon et al., Renal Cell Carcinoma with Nodal Metastases in the Absence of Distant Metastatic Disease: Prognostic Indicators of Disease-Specific Survival, European Urology, vol.51, issue.6, pp.1616-1640, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.12.015

D. Kunkle, B. Egleston, and R. Uzzo, Excise, Ablate or Observe: The Small Renal Mass Dilemma???A Meta-Analysis and Review, The Journal of Urology, vol.179, issue.4, pp.1227-1233, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.047

H. Van-poppel and S. Joniau, Is Surveillance an Option for the Treatment of Small Renal Masses?, European Urology, vol.52, issue.5, pp.1323-1353, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.07.025

S. Chawla, P. Crispen, A. Hanlon, R. Greenberg, D. Chen et al., The Natural History of Observed Enhancing Renal Masses: Meta-Analysis and Review of the World Literature, The Journal of Urology, vol.175, issue.2, pp.425-456, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00148-5

M. Crepel, J. Bernhard, L. Bellec, B. Albouy, D. Lopes et al., Comparaison de la n??phrectomie partielle par voie laparoscopique et par voie ouverte : une exp??rience multicentrique fran??aise, Progr??s en Urologie, vol.17, issue.1, pp.45-54, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S1166-7087(07)92224-1

I. Gill, S. Matin, M. Desai, J. Kaouk, A. Steinberg et al., Comparative analysis of laparoscopic versus open partial nephrectomy for renal tumors in 200 patients, J Urol, vol.170, 2003.

B. Benway, S. Bhayani, C. Rogers, L. Dulabon, M. Patel et al., Robot Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Tumors: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of Perioperative Outcomes, The Journal of Urology, vol.182, issue.3, pp.866-72, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.037

P. Pierorazio, H. Patel, T. Feng, J. Yohannan, E. Hyams et al., Robotic-assisted Versus Traditional Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Comparison of Outcomes and Evaluation of Learning Curve, Urology, vol.78, issue.4, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2011.04.065

D. Chaste, J. Couapel, T. Fardoun, S. Vincendeau, R. Mathieu et al., N??phrectomie partielle robot-assist??e versus n??phrectomie partielle laparoscopique??: exp??rience d???un centre fran??ais, Progr??s en Urologie, vol.23, issue.3, pp.176-83, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.purol.2012.09.017

J. Long, R. Yakoubi, B. Lee, J. Guillotreau, R. Autorino et al., Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Complex Tumors: Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes, European Urology, vol.61, issue.6, pp.1257-62, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.03.012

B. Peyronnet, H. Baumert, R. Mathieu, A. Masson-lecomte, Y. Grassano et al., Early unclamping technique during robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy can minimise warm ischaemia without increasing morbidity, BJU International, vol.62, issue.5, pp.741-748, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/bju.12766

D. Ramirez, M. Maurice, P. Caputo, R. Nelson, Ö. Kara et al., Predicting complications in partial nephrectomy for T1a tumours: does approach matter?, BJU International, vol.9, issue.6, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/bju.13583

S. Lerner, C. Hawkins, M. Blute, A. Grabner, P. Wollan et al., Disease Outcome in Patients With Low Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Nephron Sparing or Radical Surgery, The Journal of Urology, vol.155, issue.6, pp.1868-73, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66032-4

A. Belldegrun, K. Tsui, J. Dekernion, and R. Smith, Efficacy of Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Analysis Based on the New 1997 Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System, Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.17, issue.9, pp.2868-75, 1999.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.9.2868

J. Patard, O. Shvarts, J. Lam, A. Pantuck, H. Kim et al., SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR ALL T1 TUMORS BASED ON AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER EXPERIENCE, The Journal of Urology, vol.171, issue.6, pp.2181-2185, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ju.0000124846.37299.5e

K. Hafez, A. Fergany, and A. Novick, NEPHRON-SPARING SURGERY FOR LOCALIZED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, The Journal of Urology, vol.162, pp.1930-1933, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00005392-199904010-00770

A. Fergany, K. Hafez, and A. Novick, LONG-TERM RESULTS OF NEPHRON SPARING SURGERY FOR LOCALIZED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA:, The Journal of Urology, vol.163, pp.442-447, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00005392-200002000-00011

P. Bigot, G. Pignot, J. Bernhard, and J. Patard, Th??rapies cibl??es n??o-adjuvantes dans le cancer du rein, Progr??s en Urologie, vol.26, issue.3, pp.191-197, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.purol.2015.12.003

M. Mir, I. Derweesh, F. Porpiglia, H. Zargar, A. Mottrie et al., Partial Nephrectomy Versus Radical Nephrectomy for Clinical T1b and T2 Renal Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies, European Urology, vol.71, issue.4, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.08.060

C. Jeldres, J. Patard, U. Capitanio, P. Perrotte, N. Suardi et al., Partial Versus Radical Nephrectomy in Patients With Adverse Clinical or Pathologic Characteristics, Urology, vol.73, issue.6, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.492

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00404408

P. Bigot, J. Hétet, J. Bernhard, T. Fardoun, F. Audenet et al., Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Renal Tumors Measuring More Than 7 cm: Morbidity, and Functional and Oncological Outcomes, Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, vol.12, issue.1, pp.19-27, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clgc.2013.09.004

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01064296

R. Zagoria, J. Pettus, M. Rogers, D. Werle, D. Childs et al., Long-term Outcomes After Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Renal Cell Carcinoma, Urology, vol.77, issue.6, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2010.12.077

S. Psutka, A. Feldman, W. Mcdougal, F. Mcgovern, P. Mueller et al., Long-Term Oncologic Outcomes After Radiofrequency Ablation for T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma, European Urology, vol.63, issue.3, pp.486-92, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.062

N. Ferakis, C. Bouropoulos, T. Granitsas, S. Mylona, and I. Poulias, Long-Term Results After Computed-Tomography???Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Small Renal Tumors, Journal of Endourology, vol.24, issue.12, pp.1909-1922, 2009.
DOI : 10.1089/end.2009.0639

P. Balageas, F. Cornelis, L. Bras, Y. Hubrecht, R. Bernhard et al., Ten-year experience of percutaneous image-guided radiofrequency ablation of malignant renal tumours in high-risk patients, European Radiology, vol.106, issue.7, pp.1925-1957, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00330-013-2784-3

T. Wah, H. Irving, W. Gregory, J. Cartledge, A. Joyce et al., Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of renal cell carcinoma (RCC): experience in 200 tumours, BJU International, vol.56, issue.Suppl., pp.416-444, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/bju.12349

D. Ramirez, Y. Ma, S. Bedir, J. Antonelli, J. Cadeddu et al., Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation of Small Renal Tumors: Long-Term Oncologic Outcomes, Journal of Endourology, vol.28, issue.3, pp.330-334, 2014.
DOI : 10.1089/end.2013.0542

T. Atwell, G. Schmit, S. Boorjian, J. Mandrekar, A. Kurup et al., Percutaneous Ablation of Renal Masses Measuring 3.0 cm and Smaller: Comparative Local Control and Complications After Radiofrequency Ablation and Cryoablation, American Journal of Roentgenology, vol.200, issue.2, pp.461-467, 2013.
DOI : 10.2214/AJR.12.8618

K. Katsanos, L. Mailli, M. Krokidis, A. Mcgrath, T. Sabharwal et al., Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Thermal Ablation Versus Surgical Nephrectomy for Small Renal Tumours, CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, vol.61, issue.4 Suppl 1, pp.427-464, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s00270-014-0846-9

R. Thompson, T. Atwell, G. Schmit, C. Lohse, A. Kurup et al., Comparison of Partial Nephrectomy and Percutaneous Ablation for cT1 Renal Masses, European Urology, vol.67, issue.2, pp.252-261, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.07.021

X. Chang, F. Zhang, T. Liu, J. C. Zhao, X. Yang et al., Radio Frequency Ablation versus Partial Nephrectomy for Clinical T1b Renal Cell Carcinoma: Long-Term Clinical and Oncologic Outcomes, The Journal of Urology, vol.193, issue.2, pp.430-435, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2014.07.112

D. Kunkle and R. Uzzo, Cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation of the small renal mass, Cancer, vol.68, issue.4 pt 1, pp.2671-80, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/cncr.23896

G. Guazzoni, A. Cestari, N. Buffi, G. Lughezzani, L. Nava et al., Oncologic Results of Laparoscopic Renal Cryoablation for Clinical T1a Tumors: 8 Years of Experience in a Single Institution, Urology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.624-633, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2010.03.078

S. Johnson, K. Pham, W. See, F. Begun, and P. Langenstroer, Laparoscopic Cryoablation for Clinical Stage T1 Renal Masses: Long-term Oncologic Outcomes at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Urology, vol.84, issue.3, pp.613-621, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2014.03.055

A. Larcher, N. Fossati, F. Mistretta, G. Lughezzani, G. Lista et al., Long-term oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic renal cryoablation as primary treatment for small renal masses, Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, vol.33, issue.1, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.09.003

A. Beksac, G. Rivera-sanfeliz, C. Dufour, U. Nseyo, Z. Hamilton et al., Impact of tumor histology and grade on treatment success of percutaneous renal cryoablation, World Journal of Urology, vol.115, issue.4, pp.345-361, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00345-016-1911-6

C. Warlick, G. Lima, M. Allaf, I. Varkarakis, S. Permpongkosol et al., Clinical sequelae of radiographic iceball involvement of collecting system during computed tomography-guided percutaneous renal tumor cryoablation, Urology, vol.67, issue.5, pp.918-940, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2005.11.058

K. Weld, G. Hruby, P. Humphrey, C. Ames, and J. Landman, Precise Characterization of Renal Parenchymal Response to Single and Multiple Cryoablation Probes, The Journal of Urology, vol.176, issue.2, pp.784-790, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.084

E. Dib, R. Touma, N. Kapoor, and A. , Cryoablation vs radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of case series studies, BJU International, vol.167, issue.Suppl, pp.510-516, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10885.x

P. Caputo, H. Zargar, D. Ramirez, H. Andrade, O. Akca et al., Cryoablation versus Partial Nephrectomy for Clinical T1b Renal Tumors: A Matched Group Comparative Analysis, European Urology, vol.71, issue.1, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.08.039

Y. Tanagho, S. Bhayani, E. Kim, and R. Figenshau, Renal Cryoablation Versus Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: Washington University Long-Term Experience, Journal of Endourology, vol.27, issue.12, pp.1477-86, 2013.
DOI : 10.1089/end.2013.0192

A. Hung, J. Cai, M. Simmons, and I. Gill, ???Trifecta??? in Partial Nephrectomy, The Journal of Urology, vol.189, issue.1, pp.36-42, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.042

W. Huang, A. Levey, A. Serio, M. Snyder, A. Vickers et al., Chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy in patients with renal cortical tumours: a retrospective cohort study, The Lancet Oncology, vol.7, issue.9, pp.735-775, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70803-8

S. Kim, R. Thompson, S. Boorjian, C. Weight, L. Han et al., Comparative Effectiveness for Survival and Renal Function of Partial and Radical Nephrectomy for Localized Renal Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, The Journal of Urology, vol.188, issue.1, pp.51-58, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2012.03.006

J. Guillotreau, R. Yakoubi, J. Long, J. Klink, R. Autorino et al., Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Small Renal Masses in Patients With Pre-existing Chronic Kidney Disease, Urology, vol.80, issue.4, pp.845-51, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2012.05.038

A. Volpe, M. Blute, V. Ficarra, I. Gill, A. Kutikov et al., Renal Ischemia and Function After Partial Nephrectomy: A Collaborative Review of the Literature, European Urology, vol.68, issue.1, pp.61-74, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.01.025

V. Ficarra, G. Novara, S. Secco, V. Macchi, A. Porzionato et al., Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical (PADUA) Classification of Renal Tumours in Patients who are Candidates for Nephron-Sparing Surgery, European Urology, vol.56, issue.5, pp.786-93, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.07.040

A. Kutikov, R. Uzzo, and R. E. The, The R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Score: A Comprehensive Standardized System for Quantitating Renal Tumor Size, Location and Depth, The Journal of Urology, vol.182, issue.3, pp.844-53, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.035

A. Davidiuk, A. Parker, C. Thomas, B. Leibovich, E. Castle et al., Mayo Adhesive Probability Score: An Accurate Image-based Scoring System to Predict Adherent Perinephric Fat in Partial Nephrectomy, European Urology, vol.66, issue.6, pp.1165-71, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.08.054

H. Van-poppel, D. Pozzo, L. Albrecht, W. Matveev, V. Bono et al., A Prospective Randomized EORTC Intergroup Phase 3 Study Comparing the Complications of Elective Nephron-Sparing Surgery and Radical Nephrectomy for Low-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma, European Urology, vol.51, issue.6, pp.1606-1621, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.013

B. Peyronnet, T. Seisen, E. Oger, C. Vaessen, Y. Grassano et al., Comparison of 1800 Robotic and Open Partial Nephrectomies for Renal Tumors, Ann Surg Oncol, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01414474

A. Zisman, A. Pantuck, F. Dorey, J. Said, O. Shvarts et al., Improved Prognostication of Renal Cell Carcinoma Using an Integrated Staging System, Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.19, issue.6, pp.1649-57, 2001.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.6.1649

J. Bernhard, P. Bigot, G. Pignot, H. Baumert, L. Zini et al., The accuracy of renal tumor biopsy: analysis from a national prospective study, World Journal of Urology, vol.60, issue.10, pp.1205-1216, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s00345-014-1432-0

K. Bensalah, A. Pantuck, N. Rioux-leclercq, R. Thuret, F. Montorsi et al., Positive Surgical Margin Appears to Have Negligible Impact on Survival of Renal Cell Carcinomas Treated by Nephron-Sparing Surgery, European Urology, vol.57, issue.3, pp.466-71, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.03.048

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00375254

J. Long, J. Bernhard, P. Bigot, C. Lanchon, P. Paparel et al., Partial nephrectomy versus ablative therapy for the treatment of renal tumors in an imperative setting, World J Urol, pp.10-1007, 2016.

A. Larcher, M. Meskawi, R. Valdivieso, K. Boehm, V. Trudeau et al., Comparison of renal function detriments after local tumor ablation or partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, World Journal of Urology, vol.84, issue.1, pp.383-392, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00345-015-1606-4

P. Bigot, A. Bouvier, P. Panayotopoulos, C. Aubé, and A. Azzouzi, Partial nephrectomy after selective embolization of tumor vessels in a hybrid operating room: A new approach of zero ischemia in renal surgery, Journal of Surgical Oncology, vol.182, issue.2, pp.135-142, 2016.
DOI : 10.1002/jso.24120

J. Bernhard, A. Payan, F. Cornelis, G. Pierquet, G. Pasticier et al., Are we ready for day-case partial nephrectomy?, World Journal of Urology, vol.254, issue.6, pp.345-360, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s00345-015-1746-6

J. Chen, T. Guzzo, S. Malkowicz, M. Soulen, A. Wein et al., Complication and Readmission Rates following Same-Day Discharge after Percutaneous Renal Tumor Ablation, Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, vol.27, issue.1, pp.80-86, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.09.007