. Un-carcinoïde-typique, index mitotique = 1.6/2mm²), sans emboles vasculaires péri-tumoraux, et dont le phénotype immunohistochimique retrouve une forte expression de l'ACTH par l'ensemble des cellules tumorales (le reste du profil montre : KL1+, EMA-, chromogranine + ; synaptophysine +

J. Lindholm, S. Juul, and J. Jørgenson, Incidence and Late Prognosis of Cushing's Syndrome: A Population-Based Study, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.86, issue.1, pp.117-123, 2001.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.86.1.117

J. Young, C. Deneux, and M. Grino, Pitfall of petrosal sinus sampling in a Cushing's syndrome secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotropin-corticotropin releasing hormone (ACTH-CRH) secretion, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Feb, vol.83, issue.2, pp.305-313, 1998.

E. Oldfield, J. Doppman, and L. Nieman, Petrosal Sinus Sampling with and without Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone for the Differential Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.325, issue.13, pp.897-905, 1991.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199109263251301

S. Salenave, B. Gatta, and S. Pecheur, Pituitary Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings Do Not Influence Surgical Outcome in Adrenocorticotropin-Secreting Microadenomas, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.89, issue.7, pp.3371-3377, 2004.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2003-031908

G. Kaltsas, M. Giannulis, and J. Newell-price, A critical analysis of the value of simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling in Cushing's disease and the occult ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Feb, vol.84, issue.2, pp.487-92, 1999.

J. Doppman, There is no simple answer to a rare complication of inferior petrosal sinus sampling, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Feb, vol.20, issue.2, pp.191-193, 1999.

T. Suda, K. Kageyama, T. Nigawara, and S. Sakihara, Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for ACTH-Dependent Cushing’s Syndrome, Endocrine Journal, vol.56, issue.3, pp.469-76, 2009.
DOI : 10.1507/endocrj.K08E-353

Y. Sakai, N. Horiba, and F. Tozawa, Desmopressin Stimulation Test for Diagnosis of ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome., Endocrine Journal, vol.44, issue.5, pp.687-95, 1997.
DOI : 10.1507/endocrj.44.687

S. Tsagarakis, C. Tsigos, and V. Vasiliou, The Desmopressin and Combined CRH-Desmopressin Tests in the Differential Diagnosis of ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome: Constraints Imposed by the Expression of V2 Vasopressin Receptors in Tumors with Ectopic ACTH Secretion, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.87, issue.4, pp.1646-53, 2002.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.87.4.1646

R. Feelders, S. Pulgar, A. Kempel, and A. Pereira, MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: The burden of Cushing's disease: clinical and health-related quality of life aspects, European Journal of Endocrinology, vol.167, issue.3, pp.311-337, 2012.
DOI : 10.1530/EJE-11-1095

C. Meador, G. Liddle, and D. Island, Cause of Cushing's Syndrome in Patients with Tumors Arising from ???Nonendocrine??? Tissue, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.22, issue.7, pp.693-703, 1962.
DOI : 10.1210/jcem-22-7-693

L. Crapo, Cushing's syndrome: A review of diagnostic tests, Metabolism, vol.28, issue.9, pp.955-77, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0026-0495(79)90097-0

T. Howlett, P. Drury, and L. Perry, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ACTH-DEPENDENT CUSHING'S SYNDROME: COMPARISON OF THE FEATURES IN ECTOPIC AND PITUITARY ACTH PRODUCTION, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.284, issue.6, pp.699-713, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9343(52)90027-2

G. Liddle, TESTS OF PITUITARY-ADRENAL SUPPRESSIBILITY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME*, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.20, issue.12, pp.1539-60, 1960.
DOI : 10.1210/jcem-20-12-1539

L. Nieman, G. Chrousos, and E. Oldfield, The Ovine Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation Test and the Dexamethasone Suppression Test in the Differential Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.105, issue.6, pp.862-869, 1986.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-862

W. Vale, J. Spiess, C. Rivier, and J. Rivier, Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin, Science, vol.213, issue.4514, pp.1394-1401, 1981.
DOI : 10.1126/science.6267699

O. Müller, H. Dörr, B. Hagen, G. Stalla, V. Werder et al., Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-stimulation test in normal controls and patients with disturbances of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, Klinische Wochenschrift, vol.2, issue.24, pp.1485-91, 1982.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01716099

D. Orth, C. Debold, and G. Decherney, PITUITARY MICROADENOMAS CAUSING CUSHING/S DISEASE RESPOND TO CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR*, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.55, issue.5, pp.1017-1026, 1982.
DOI : 10.1210/jcem-55-5-1017

A. Hermus, G. Pieters, and G. Pesman, THE CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE TEST VERSUS THE HIGH-DOSE DEXAMETHASONE TEST IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME, The Lancet, vol.328, issue.8506, pp.540-544, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90113-3

N. Lytras, A. Grossman, and L. Perry, CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASING FACTOR: RESPONSES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH DISORDERS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.110, issue.1, pp.71-84, 1984.
DOI : 10.1126/science.6267699

C. Malchoff, D. Orth, and C. Abboud, Ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by a bronchial carcinoid tumor responsive to dexamethasone, metyrapone, and corticotropin-releasing factor, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.84, issue.4, pp.760-764, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90116-7

P. Trainer and M. Besser, Cushing's syndrome difficulties in diagnosis, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.1, issue.6, pp.292-297, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/1043-2760(90)90066-C

M. Terzolo, G. Reimondo, and A. Ali, The limited value of the desmopressin test in the diagnostic approach to Cushing's syndrome, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.15, issue.5, pp.609-625, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00830.x

C. Invitti, P. Giraldi, F. , D. Martin, M. Cavagnini et al., Diagnosis and Management of Cushing's Syndrome: Results of an Italian Multicentre Study, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.84, issue.2, 1999.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.84.2.440

W. Hall, M. Luciano, and J. Doppman, Pituitary Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Normal Human Volunteers, Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, vol.49, issue.11, pp.817-837, 1994.
DOI : 10.1097/00006254-199411000-00020

D. Erickson, B. Erickson, and R. Watson, 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging with and without corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation for the detection of microadenomas in Cushing???s syndrome, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.97, issue.6, pp.793-802, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03723.x

S. Wolfsberger, A. Ba-ssalamah, and K. Pinker, Application of three-tesla magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and surgery of sellar lesions, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.100, issue.2, pp.278-86, 2004.
DOI : 10.3171/jns.2004.100.2.0278

B. Hofmann, M. Hlavac, and R. Martinez, Long-term results after microsurgery for Cushing disease: experience with 426 primary operations over 35 years, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.108, issue.1, 2008.
DOI : 10.3171/JNS/2008/108/01/0009

G. Arnaldi, A. Angeli, and A. Atkinson, Diagnosis and Complications of Cushing???s Syndrome: A Consensus Statement, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.88, issue.12, pp.5593-602, 2003.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2003-030871

R. Testa, N. Albiger, and G. Occhi, The usefulness of combined biochemical tests in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease with negative pituitary magnetic resonance imaging, European Journal of Endocrinology, vol.156, issue.2, pp.241-249, 2007.
DOI : 10.1530/eje.1.02332

R. Starke, D. Reames, and C. Chen, Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Cushing Disease, Neurosurgery, vol.72, issue.2, p.2013
DOI : 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31827b966a

D. Rees, F. Hanna, J. Davies, R. Mills, J. Vafidis et al., Long-term follow-up results of transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease in a single centre using strict criteria for remission, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.38, issue.4, pp.541-51, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.8080817.x

G. Rollin, N. Ferreira, and M. Czepielewski, Prospective evaluation of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in 108 patients with Cushing's disease, Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, vol.51, issue.8, 2007.
DOI : 10.1590/S0004-27302007000800022

A. Isidori, E. Sbardella, M. Zatelli, M. Boschetti, G. Vitale et al., Conventional and Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome: A Systematic Review, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.100, issue.9, pp.3231-3275, 2015.
DOI : 10.1210/JC.2015-1589

J. Aniszewski, W. Young, . Jr, G. Thompson, C. Grant et al., Gushing syndrome doe to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion, World Journal of Surgery, vol.25, issue.7, pp.934-974, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s00268-001-0032-5

A. Isidori, G. Kaltsas, and C. Pozza, The Ectopic Adrenocorticotropin Syndrome: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, and Long-Term Follow-Up, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.91, issue.2, 2006.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2005-1542

I. Ilias, D. Torpy, K. Pacak, N. Mullen, R. Wesley et al., Cushing???s Syndrome Due to Ectopic Corticotropin Secretion: Twenty Years??? Experience at the National Institutes of Health, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.90, issue.8, pp.4955-62, 2005.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2004-2527

L. Salgado, M. Fragoso, and M. Knoepfelmacher, Ectopic ACTH syndrome: our experience with 25 cases, European Journal of Endocrinology, vol.155, issue.5, pp.725-758, 2006.
DOI : 10.1530/eje.1.02278

M. Doi, T. Sugiyama, H. Izumiyama, T. Yoshimoto, and Y. Hirata, Clinical features and management of ectopic ACTH syndrome at a single institute in Japan, Endocrine Journal, vol.57, issue.12, pp.1061-1070, 2010.
DOI : 10.1507/endocrj.K10E-265

S. Ejaz, R. Vassilopoulou-sellin, and N. Busaidy, Cushing syndrome secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion, Cancer, vol.94, issue.19, pp.4381-4390, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/cncr.26029

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3134535

G. Reimondo, P. Paccotti, and M. Minetto, The corticotrophin-releasing hormone test is the most reliable noninvasive method to differentiate pituitary from ectopic ACTH secretion in Cushing's syndrome, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.83, issue.6, pp.718-742, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01776.x

D. Aron, H. Raff, and J. Findling, Effectiveness Versus Efficacy: The Limited Value in Clinical Practice of High Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Testing in the Differential Diagnosis of Adrenocorticotropin-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.82, issue.6, 1997.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.82.6.1780

G. Arnaldi, Y. De-keyzer, and J. Gasc, Vasopressin receptors modulate the pharmacological phenotypes of cushing's syndrome, Endocrine Research, vol.80, issue.3-4, pp.3-4807, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-4731(84)90252-8

L. Vilar, F. Mda, C. Faria, M. Montenegro, R. Casulari et al., Pitfalls in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome, Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, vol.51, issue.8, pp.1207-1223, 2007.
DOI : 10.1590/S0004-27302007000800006

L. Nieman, E. Oldfield, and R. Wesley, A simplified morning ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.77, issue.5, pp.1308-1320, 1993.

J. Newell-price, D. Morris, W. Drake, M. Korbonits, J. Monson et al., Optimal response criteria for the human CRH test in the differential diagnosis of ACTHdependent Cushing's syndrome, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.87, issue.4, pp.1640-1645, 2002.

P. Trainer, M. Faria, J. Newell-price, P. Browne, P. Kopelman et al., A comparison of the effects of human and ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone on the pituitary-adrenal axis, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Feb, vol.80, issue.2, pp.412-419, 1995.

L. Nieman, G. Cutler, . Jr, E. Oldfield, D. Loriaux et al., The Ovine Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Stimulation Test Is Superior to the Human CRH Stimulation Test for the Diagnosis of Cushing's Disease, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.69, issue.1, pp.165-174, 1989.
DOI : 10.1210/jcem-69-1-165

D. Malerbi, B. Mendonça, and B. Liberman, The desmopressin stimulation test in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.32, issue.5, pp.463-72, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0024-3205(88)90301-3

J. Newell-price, L. Perry, S. Medbak, J. Monson, M. Savage et al., A combined test using desmopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.82, issue.1, pp.176-81, 1997.

E. Oldfield, J. Doppman, L. Nieman, G. Chrousos, D. Miller et al., Petrosal Sinus Sampling with and without Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone for the Differential Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.325, issue.13, pp.897-905, 1991.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199109263251301

A. Utz and B. Biller, The role of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome, Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, vol.51, issue.8, pp.1329-1367, 2007.
DOI : 10.1590/S0004-27302007000800019

S. Tsagarakis, I. Kaskarelis, P. Kokkoris, C. Malagari, and N. Thalassinos, The application of a combined stimulation with CRH and desmopressin during bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in patients with Cushing's syndrome, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.52, issue.3, pp.355-61, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00943.x

S. Tsagarakis, D. Vassiliadi, and I. Kaskarelis, The Application of the Combined Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone plus Desmopressin Stimulation during Petrosal Sinus Sampling Is Both Sensitive and Specific in Differentiating Patients with Cushing???s Disease from Patients with the Occult Ectopic Adrenocorticotropin Syndrome, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.92, issue.6, pp.2080-2086, 2007.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2006-2691

V. Lefournier, B. Gatta, and M. Martinie, One transient neurological complication (sixth nerve palsy) in 166 consecutive inferior petrosal sinus samplings for the etiological diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.84, issue.9, pp.3401-3403, 1999.

V. Bonert, N. Bose, and J. Carmichael, Cyclic Cushing's disease with misleading inferior petrosal sinus sampling results during a trough phase. Neurosurg Focus, Feb, vol.38, issue.2, p.7, 2015.
DOI : 10.3171/2014.12.focus14780

M. Zemskova, B. Gundabolu, and N. Sinaii, Utility of Various Functional and Anatomic Imaging Modalities for Detection of Ectopic Adrenocorticotropin-Secreting Tumors, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.95, issue.3, pp.1207-1226, 2010.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2009-2282

J. Findling, M. Kehoe, and H. Raff, Identification of Patients with Cushing???s Disease with Negative Pituitary Adrenocorticotropin Gradients during Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling: Prolactin as an Index of Pituitary Venous Effluent, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.89, issue.12, pp.6005-6014, 2004.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2004-1378

S. Sharma, H. Raff, and L. Nieman, Prolactin as a Marker of Successful Catheterization during IPSS in Patients with ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.96, issue.12, 2011.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2011-2149

B. Swearingen, L. Katznelson, and K. Miller, Diagnostic Errors after Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.89, issue.8, pp.3752-63, 2004.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2003-032249

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.627.1016

J. Doppman, R. Chang, E. Oldfield, G. Chrousos, C. Stratakis et al., The hypoplastic inferior petrosal sinus: a potential source of false-negative results in petrosal sampling for Cushing's disease, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Feb, vol.84, issue.2, pp.533-573, 1999.

A. Tabarin, S. Galli, F. Dezou, and S. , The corticotropin-releasing factor test in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: A comparison with the lysine-vasopressin test, European Journal of Endocrinology, vol.123, issue.3, pp.331-339, 1990.
DOI : 10.1530/acta.0.1230331

J. J. Wind, R. R. Lonser, and L. K. Nieman, The Lateralization Accuracy of Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling in 501 Patients With Cushing's Disease, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.98, issue.6, pp.2285-93, 2013.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2012-3943

F. Castinetti, I. Morange, and H. Dufour, Desmopressin test during petrosal sinus sampling: a valuable tool to discriminate pituitary or ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, European Journal of Endocrinology, vol.157, issue.3, pp.271-278, 2007.
DOI : 10.1530/EJE-07-0215

A. Grossman, T. Howlett, and L. Perry, CRF IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME: A COMPARISON WITH THE DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.63, issue.2, pp.167-78, 1988.
DOI : 10.1126/science.6267699

S. Sharma, L. Nieman, and R. Feelders, Cushing's syndrome: epidemiology and developments in disease management, Clin Epidemiol, vol.7, pp.281-293, 2015.

R. Baudoin and J. Corcuff, Test à la DESMOPRESSINE et maladie de Cushing, Thèse N° 3069, 2011.

F. Wang, K. Tang, Y. Yen, D. Ho, A. Yang et al., Plasma corticotrophin response to desmopressin in patients with Cushing???s disease correlates with the expression of vasopressin receptor 2, but not with that of vasopressin receptor 1 or 3, in their pituitary tumours, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.87, issue.2, pp.253-63
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04179.x

M. Moro, P. Putignano, M. Losa, C. Invitti, C. Maraschini et al., The Desmopressin Test in the Differential Diagnosis between Cushing's Disease and Pseudo-Cushing States, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.85, issue.10, pp.3569-74, 2000.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.85.10.3569

S. Petersenn, J. Newell-price, J. Findling, F. Gu, M. Maldonado et al., High variability in baseline urinary free cortisol values in patients with Cushing's disease, Clinical Endocrinology, vol.88, issue.2, pp.261-270, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/cen.12259