D. Esteve, C. Dubreuil, C. Della-vedova, B. Normand, and C. Martin, Physiologie et physiopathologie de la fonction d'ouverture de la trompe auditive : Apports de la tubomanométrie® - 2e partie. J. français d'oto-rhino-laryngologie 50, pp.233-241, 2001.

D. Esteve, Evaluation par tubomanométrie de la fonction d'ouverture tubaire et de la réponse tympanique chez le sujet normal et chez le sujet porteur d'une otite séro-muqueuse chronique : Comparaison des résultats - 1re partie. J. français d'oto-rhino-laryngologie 50, pp.223-232, 2001.

S. Yuksel, W. J. Doyle, J. Banks, J. T. Seroky, and C. M. Alper, Nasal prostaglandin challenge increases N2O exchange from blood to middle ear, Auris Nasus Larynx, vol.32, issue.1, pp.29-32, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anl.2004.11.008

C. K. Hong, Effect of paranasal sinusitis on the development of otitis media with effusion: Influence of Eustachian tube function and adenoid immunity, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, vol.72, issue.11, pp.1609-1618, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.07.010

B. Yin, M. S. Miah, and S. S. Hussain, Sinonasal symptoms in adults with ear disease, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, vol.20, issue.05, pp.438-479, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/0091-6749(88)90168-6

A. Fujita, I. Honjo, K. Kurata, I. Gan, and H. Takahashi, Refractory otitis media with effusion from viewpoints of eustachian tube dysfunction and nasal sinusitis, American Journal of Otolaryngology, vol.14, issue.3, pp.187-90, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0196-0709(93)90028-6

D. S. Poe, J. F. Grimmer, and R. Metson, Laser Eustachian Tuboplasty: Two-Year Results, The Laryngoscope, vol.91, issue.2, pp.231-237, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/01.mlg.0000246227.65877.1f

R. Metson, S. D. Pletcher, and D. S. Poe, Microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty: A preliminary report, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, vol.19, issue.3, pp.422-429, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.10.031

W. J. Doyle, A. Singla, J. Banks, J. El-wagaa, and J. Swarts, Pressure chamber tests of eustachian tube function document lower efficiency in adults with colds when compared to without colds, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.72, issue.7, pp.691-698, 2014.
DOI : 10.1288/00005537-198806000-00015

W. Y. Chao, H. Z. Tseng, and S. J. Chang, Eustachian tube dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma: clinical considerations, J. Otolaryngol, vol.25, pp.334-342, 1996.

J. Thomassin, P. Dessi, J. Danvin, and C. Forman, Anatomie de l'oreille moyenne, EMC - Oto-rhino-laryngologie, vol.3, issue.2, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0246-0351(08)46928-3

S. Jarassier, Trompe auditive et barotraumatisme de l'oreille moyenne, NANTES, 2004.

M. E. Smith, D. J. Scoffings, and J. Tysome, Imaging of the Eustachian tube and its function: a systematic review, Neuroradiology, vol.228, issue.Suppl 2, pp.543-556, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00234-016-1663-4

E. D. Mccoul, F. E. Lucente, and V. K. Anand, Evolution of eustachian tube surgery, The Laryngoscope, vol.28, issue.suppl 2, pp.661-666, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.21453

J. Sadé, The eustachian tube lumen in chronic otitis media, Am. J. Otol, vol.7, pp.439-481, 1986.

M. E. Smith, T. Matthew, E. Smith, J. R. Smith, and M. , Tests of Eustachian tube function: a review, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.326, issue.Suppl 1, pp.300-311, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/coa.12428

B. Chauhan and K. Chauhan, A Comparative Study of Eustachian Tube Functions in Normal and Diseased Ears with Tympanometry and Videonasopharyngoscopy, Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, vol.253, issue.3
DOI : 10.1007/s12070-011-0312-9

W. J. Doyle, Sensitivity and Specificity of Eustachian Tube Function Tests in Adults, JAMA Otolaryngology???Head & Neck Surgery, vol.139, issue.7, pp.719-746, 2013.
DOI : 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3559

O. Coulet, Otopathies dysbariques Lois physiques, pp.1-14, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/s0246-0351(10)55846-x

H. W. Pau, U. Sievert, T. Just, and J. Sadé, Pressure changes in the human middle ear without opening the eustachian tube, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.62, issue.11, pp.1182-1186, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S0194-5998(97)70302-4

B. Tideholm, M. Brattmo, and B. Carlborg, Middle ear pressure: effect of body position and sleep, Acta Otolaryngol, vol.119, pp.880-885, 1999.

M. Mondain, D. Vidal, S. Bouhanna, and A. Uziel, Monitoring Eustachian Tube Opening: Preliminary Results in Normal Subjects, The Laryngoscope, vol.500, issue.10, pp.1414-1423, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00005537-199710000-00022

J. J. Thom, Middle ear pressure during sleep and the effects of continuous positive airway pressure, American Journal of Otolaryngology, vol.36, issue.2, pp.173-180, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.10.024

M. Kringlebotn, Rupture Pressures of Membranes in the Ear, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.89, issue.10, pp.940-944, 2000.
DOI : 10.1177/000348940010901007

C. Thamrin and R. H. Eikelboom, Rupture Pressures of the Porcine Tympanic Membrane, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.30, issue.6, pp.554-561, 2003.
DOI : 10.1177/000348940311200613

A. Shupak, R. Tabari, J. D. Swarts, C. D. Bluestone, and W. J. Doyle, Effects of Middle Ear Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Tensions on Eustachian Tube Ventilatory Function, The Laryngoscope, vol.89, issue.2, pp.221-225, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00005537-199602000-00022

M. Gaihede, Middle Ear Pressure Regulation-Complementary Active Actions of the Mastoid and the Eustachian Tube, Otology & Neurotology, vol.31, pp.603-614, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181dd13e2

B. Tideholm, B. Carlborg, S. Jönsson, and A. Bylander-groth, Continuous long-term measurements of the middle ear pressure in subjects without a history of ear disease, Acta Otolaryngol, vol.118, pp.369-74, 1998.

J. Sadé and M. Luntz, Gaseous Pathways in Atelectatic Ears, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.6, issue.5, pp.355-363, 1989.
DOI : 10.1177/000348948909800508

F. Ikarashi, Y. Nakano, and T. Okura, Pneumatization of the Tympanic Bulla after Blockage of the Ventilation Route through the Eustachian Tube in the Pig, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.18, issue.10, pp.784-90, 1996.
DOI : 10.1177/000348949610501005

C. M. Alper, Role of the mastoid in middle ear pressure regulation, The Laryngoscope, vol.108, issue.5 pt 1, pp.404-412, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.21275

S. Yuksel, J. Swarts, J. Banks, J. Seroky, and D. W. , gas exchange across the human tympanic membrane, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.9, issue.5, pp.716-725, 2009.
DOI : 10.1080/00016480802360657

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3044495

D. Levy, M. Herman, M. Luntz, and J. Sadé, Direct Demonstration of Gas Diffusion into the Middle Ear, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.86, issue.186, pp.276-284, 1995.
DOI : 10.3109/00016489509139308

B. Ars and J. Dirckx, Eustachian Tube Function, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, vol.49, issue.5, pp.1121-1154, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.otc.2016.05.003

B. Magnuson, Functions of the mastoid cell system: auto-regulation of temperature and gas pressure, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, vol.117, issue.02, pp.99-103, 2003.
DOI : 10.1258/002221503762624512

R. Kania, Experimental model for investigating trans-mucosal gas exchanges in the middle ear of the rat, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.104, issue.4, pp.408-410, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/00016480310000683

R. E. Kania, P. Herman, P. Tran-ba-huy, and A. Ar, Role of nitrogen in transmucosal gas exchange rate in the rat middle ear, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.101, issue.5, pp.1281-1287, 2006.
DOI : 10.1152/japplphysiol.00113.2006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00093414

K. Aoki, Relationship between middle ear pressure, mucosal lesion, and mastoid pneumatization, The Laryngoscope, vol.12, issue.12, pp.1840-1845, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00005537-199812000-00014

W. J. Doyle, J. D. Swarts, J. Banks, S. Yuksel, and C. M. Alper, Transmucosal O2 and CO2 exchange rates for the human middle ear, Auris Nasus Larynx, vol.38, issue.6, pp.684-91, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anl.2011.01.006

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3132822

W. J. Doyle, The mastoid as a functional rate-limiter of middle ear pressure change, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, vol.71, issue.3, pp.393-402, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.11.004

J. Kusakari, Gas Analysis of the Middle Ear Cavity in Normal and Pathological Conditions, Auris Nasus Larynx, vol.12, pp.114-120, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0385-8146(85)80119-X

H. Uchimizu, Effects of inflammatory changes in the middle ear mucosa on middle ear total pressure, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.79, issue.1, pp.1031-1037, 2007.
DOI : 10.1080/00016480701200228

C. Morgenstern, Oxygen Supply of Middle Ear Mucosa under Normal Conditions and after Eustachian Tube Occlusion, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.3, issue.3_suppl, pp.76-84, 1980.
DOI : 10.1177/00034894800890S321

Y. Hamada, H. Utahashi, and K. Aoki, Physiological gas exchange in the middle ear cavity, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, vol.64, issue.1, pp.41-49, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-5876(02)00040-X

I. Honjo, H. Takahashi, M. Sudo, K. Ishijima, and M. Tanabe, Pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations of otitis media with effusion from viewpoint of middle ear ventilation, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, vol.43, issue.2, pp.105-113, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-5876(97)00175-4

H. Takahashi, Assessment of the Gas Exchange Function of the Middle Ear using Nitrous Oxide A Preliminary Study, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.3, issue.68, pp.643-649, 1994.
DOI : 10.3109/00016489409126119

D. S. Poe, I. Pyykkö, H. Valtonen, and J. Silvola, Analysis of eustachian tube function by video endoscopy, Am. J. Otol, vol.21, pp.602-609, 2000.

C. M. Alper, J. D. Swarts, A. Singla, J. Banks, and W. J. Doyle, Relationship Between the Electromyographic Activity of the Paratubal Muscles and Eustachian Tube Opening Assessed by Sonotubometry and Videoendoscopy, Archives of Otolaryngology???Head & Neck Surgery, vol.138, issue.8, pp.741-746, 2012.
DOI : 10.1001/archoto.2012.1293

E. I. Cantekin, W. J. Doyle, T. J. Reichert, D. C. Phillips, and C. D. Bluestone, Dilation of the Eustachian Tube by Electrical Stimulation of the Mandibular Nerve, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.13, issue.1, pp.40-51, 1979.
DOI : 10.1177/000348947908800108

W. J. Doyle and S. R. Rood, ) and Man, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.82, issue.1, pp.49-57, 1980.
DOI : 10.1177/000348948008900112

M. L. Casselbrant, E. I. Cantekin, D. C. Dirkmaat, W. J. Doyle, and C. Bluestone, Experimental paralysis of tensor veli palatini muscle, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.89, issue.68, pp.178-85, 1988.
DOI : 10.1136/bjo.69.10.718

C. M. Alper, J. D. Swarts, and W. J. Doyle, Prevention of Otitis Media With Effusion by Repeated Air Inflation in a Monkey Model, Archives of Otolaryngology???Head & Neck Surgery, vol.126, issue.5, pp.609-623, 2000.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.126.5.609

A. R. Eden, J. T. Laitman, and P. J. Gannon, Mechanisms of Middle Ear Aeration, The Laryngoscope, vol.100, issue.1, pp.67-75, 1990.
DOI : 10.1288/00005537-199001000-00014

W. Doyle, Functional eustachian tube obstruction and otitis media in a primat
DOI : 10.3109/00016488409122882

S. N. Ghadiali, J. D. Swarts, and W. J. Doyle, Effect of Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle Paralysis on Eustachian Tube Mechanics, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.160, issue.8, pp.704-715, 2003.
DOI : 10.1177/000348940311200810

M. H. Huang, S. T. Lee, and K. Rajendran, A Fresh Cadaveric Study of the Paratubal Muscles: Implications for Eustachian Tube Function in Cleft Palate, Plastic &amp Reconstructive Surgery, vol.100, issue.Supplement 1, pp.833-875, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00006534-199709001-00003

B. Gyanwali, The role of tensor veli platini muscle (TVP) and levetor veli platini muscle (LVP) in the opening and closing of pharyngeal orifice of Eustachian tube, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.24, issue.3, pp.1-7, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/1097-0142(19930215)71:4<1193::AID-CNCR2820710404>3.0.CO;2-#

M. Mcdonald, M. Hoffman, L. Gentry, and J. Jiang, New insights into mechanism of Eustachian tube ventilation based on cine computed tomography images, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.93, issue.8, pp.1901-1907, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00405-011-1829-y

R. Leuwer, R. Schubert, T. Kucinski, T. Liebig, and H. Maier, The Muscular Compliance of the Auditory Tube: A Model-Based Survey, The Laryngoscope, vol.172, issue.10, pp.1791-1795, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00005537-200210000-00016

H. Takahashi, A. Fujita, S. H. Lee, and I. Honjo, Experimental conditions for the development of persistent otitis media with effusion. Eur. Arch. oto-rhinolaryngology 247, pp.89-92, 1990.

T. Iwano, Otitis Media with Effusion and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Adults and Children, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.8, issue.11, pp.66-75, 1993.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.1965.00750050046011

A. V. Yücetürk, H. H. Unlü, M. Okumu?, T. Yildiz, and U. Filiz, The evaluation of eustachian tube function in patients with chronic otitis media, Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences, vol.22, issue.5, pp.449-52, 1997.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2273.1997.00029.x

M. Ryding, P. White, and O. Kalm, Eustachian tube function and tympanic membrane findings after chronic secretory otitis media, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, vol.68, issue.2, pp.197-204, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.10.013

G. Norman, Systematic review of the limited evidence base for treatments of Eustachian tube dysfunction: a health technology assessment, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.122, issue.2 suppl., pp.6-21, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/coa.12220

C. D. Bluestone and J. Doyle, Anatomy and physiology of eustachian tube and middle ear related to otitis media, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.81, issue.5, pp.997-1003, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0091-6749(88)90168-6

A. E. Dinç, Do the angle and length of the eustachian tube influence the development of chronic otitis media?, The Laryngoscope, vol.111, issue.9, pp.2187-2192, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.25231

B. Ars and N. Ars-piret, MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL PARTITION OF THE MIDDLE EAR CLEFT, Middle Ear Mechanics in Research and Otology, pp.181-184, 1997.
DOI : 10.1142/9789812708694_0043

J. H. Ilomäki, T. Karhuketo, J. P. Vasama, J. Kääriäinen, and M. Rautiainen, The endoscopic study of human middle ear mucociliary transport, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.120, issue.2, pp.1711-1716, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00405-015-3730-6

B. Ars, Histomorphometric Study of the Normal Middle Ear Mucosa: Preliminary Results Supporting the Gas-Exchange Function in the Postero-Superior Part of the Middle Ear Cleft, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.49, issue.4, pp.704-711, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02388388

S. Elwany, Pathology of the eustachian tube in otitis media: an electron microscopic study, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, vol.79, issue.07, pp.651-656, 1993.
DOI : 10.1159/000275936

H. Takahashi, I. Honjo, N. Yagi, and K. Kurata, Viscosity of Effusion in the Middle Ear and Eustachian Tube in Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion, Auris Nasus Larynx, vol.17, issue.1, pp.11-17, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/S0385-8146(12)80015-0

S. Schröder, Evaluation of tubomanometry as a routine diagnostic tool for chronic obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.125, issue.6, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/coa.12451

T. P. Mcbride, C. S. Derkay, M. J. Cunningham, and W. J. Doyle, EVALUATION OF NONINVASIVE EUSTACHIAN TUBE FUNCTION TESTS IN NORMAL ADULTS, The Laryngoscope, vol.98, issue.6, pp.655-658, 1988.
DOI : 10.1288/00005537-198806000-00015

M. Gaihede, S. Padurariu, H. Jacobsen, D. De-greef, and J. J. Dirckx, Eustachian tube pressure equilibration. Temporal analysis of pressure changes based on direct physiological recordings with an intact tympanic membrane, Hearing Research, vol.301, pp.53-59, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.heares.2013.01.003

T. Sapci, E. Mercangoz, M. F. Evcimik, A. Karavus, and E. Gozke, The evaluation of the tensor veli palatini muscle function with electromyography in chronic middle ear diseases, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.102, issue.71, pp.271-278, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00405-007-0435-5

S. Mikolajczak, Characterizing the Active Opening of the Eustachian Tube in a Hypobaric/Hyperbaric Pressure Chamber, Otology & Neurotology, vol.36, pp.70-75, 2015.
DOI : 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000575

D. Lim, D. Jackson, and J. Bennet, Human middle ear corpuscules - a light and electron microscopic study, Laryngoscope, vol.108, pp.208-211, 1975.
DOI : 10.1288/00005537-197510000-00014

G. M. Guindi, Nasopharyngeal mechanoreceptors and their role in autoregulation of endotympanic pressure. ORL J. oto-rhino-laryngology its Relat. Spec, pp.56-60, 1981.

T. Nagai and T. Tono, Encapsulated nerve corpuscles in the human tympanic membrane, Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.11, issue.3, pp.169-72, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00456661

T. J. Rockley and W. M. Hawke, The Middle Ear as a Baroreceptor, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.112, issue.2, pp.816-839, 1992.
DOI : 10.3109/00016489209137479

T. Nagai, M. Nagai, Y. Nagata, and T. Morimitsu, The effects of anesthesia of the tympanic membrane on eustachian tube function, Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.11, issue.4, pp.210-212, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00453664

M. Songu, A. Aslan, H. H. Unlu, and O. Celik, Neural control of eustachian tube function, The Laryngoscope, vol.88, issue.2 pt 1, pp.1198-202, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.20231

A. R. Eden and P. J. Gannon, Neural Control of Middle Ear Aeration, Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol.113, issue.2, pp.133-140, 1987.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.1987.01860020025006

O. Shohakun, I. Juichi, and H. Iwao, The trigeminal Sensory Innervation to the Middle Ear, Eustachian Tube, and Pharynx: A Study by the Hprseradish Peroxidase Tracer Method, Laryngoscope, vol.100, pp.873-880, 1990.

S. A. Sami, M. Gaihede, L. Nielsen, and A. M. Drewes, Early Static Pressure-Related Evoked Brain Potentials Indications of Central Middle Ear Pressure Control in Humans, Otology & Neurotology, vol.30, issue.5, pp.649-56, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181a32bd1

M. Collin, Étude Expérimentale Par Tubomanométrie Du Système Isobarique De L'Oreille Moyenne En Condition D'Hypoxie Et D'Hypobarie Aiguës. Ann. françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie Pathol, p.48, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aforl.2013.06.126

A. G. Schilder, Eustachian tube dysfunction: consensus statement on definition, types, clinical presentation and diagnosis, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.125, issue.4 Suppl., pp.407-411, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/coa.12475

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4600223

C. D. Bluestone, Eustachian tube function: physiology, pathophysiology, and role of allergy in pathogenesis of otitis media, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.72, issue.3, pp.242-251, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0091-6749(83)90027-1

C. J. Linstrom, C. Silverman, A. Rosen, L. Z. Meiteles, and O. Hypothesis, Eustachian Tube Endoscopy in Patients With Chronic Ear Disease, The Laryngoscope, vol.109, issue.11, pp.1884-1889, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00005537-200011000-00022

C. M. Alper, R. Tabari, J. T. Seroky, and W. J. Doyle, Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Development of Otitis Media with Effusion Caused by Functional Obstruction of the Eustachian Tube, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.47, issue.5, pp.422-453, 1997.
DOI : 10.1177/000348949710600511

H. Takahashi, I. Honjo, and A. Fujita, Endoscopic findings at the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube in otitis media with effusion, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.253, issue.1-2, pp.42-46, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00176702

D. Sadler-kimes, M. I. Siegel, and J. S. Todhunter, Age-Related Morphologic Differences in the Components of the Eustachian Tube/Middle Ear System, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.97, issue.11, pp.854-862, 1989.
DOI : 10.1177/000348948909801104

H. Takahashi, M. Miura, I. Honjo, and A. Fujita, Cause of Eustachian Tube Constriction during Swallowing in Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.10, issue.9, pp.724-732, 1996.
DOI : 10.1177/000348949610500910

H. Takahashi, A. Fujita, and I. Honjo, Site of eustachian tube dysfunction in patients with otitis media with effusion, American Journal of Otolaryngology, vol.8, issue.6, pp.361-364, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0196-0709(87)80021-2

M. Tarabichi and M. Najmi, Site of eustachian tube obstruction in chronic ear disease, The Laryngoscope, vol.39, issue.11, pp.2572-2575, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.25330

F. Jenckel, N. Kappo, and A. Gliese, Endonasal dilatation of the Eustachian tube (EET) in children: feasibility and the role of tubomanometry (Est??ve) in outcomes measurement, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.133, issue.3, pp.3677-83, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s00405-014-3443-2

S. Schröder, A novel diagnostic tool for chronic obstructive eustachian tube Dysfunction-The eustachian tube score, The Laryngoscope, vol.62, issue.3, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.24922

D. S. Poe and I. Pyykkö, Measurements of Eustachian Tube Dilation by Video Endoscopy, Otology & Neurotology, vol.32, issue.5, pp.794-802, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/MAO.0b013e31821c6355

T. Oshima, Involvement of pterygoid venous plexus in patulous eustachian tube symptoms, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.116, issue.7, pp.693-699, 2007.
DOI : 10.1080/00016480600987818

H. Yoshida, Imaging of the patulous eustachian tube: high-resolution CT evaluation with multiplanar reconstruction technique, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.172, issue.8, pp.918-923, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/00016480410017422

G. Pascoto, The impact of acute loss of weight on eustachian tube function, Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol, vol.18, pp.376-379, 2014.

A. A. Hussein, A. S. Adams, and J. H. Turner, Surgical management of Patulous eustachian tube: A systematic review, The Laryngoscope, vol.103, issue.9, pp.2193-2198, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.25168

C. Kuo and C. Wang, Images in clinical medicine. Patulous eustachian tube, N. Engl. J. Med, vol.371, p.5, 2005.

M. M. Acuna, J. D. Galofre, and R. B. García, Uncommon Aetiology for Autophony : Patulous Eustachian Tube, Acta Otolaryngol, vol.64, pp.2013-2015, 2013.

Y. Takizawa, Relationship between tympanic membrane retraction and habitual sniffing in patients with cholesteatoma, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.127, issue.10, pp.1030-1034, 2013.
DOI : 10.3109/00016489.2013.808763

S. Ohta, M. Sakagami, M. Suzuki, and Y. Mishiro, Eustachian Tube Function and Habitual Sniffing in Middle Ear Cholesteatoma, Otology & Neurotology, vol.30, issue.1, pp.48-53, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/MAO.0b013e31818de5b3

M. Dubin, Eustachian tube dysfunction after tobacco smoke exposure. Otolaryngol. - Head Neck Surg, pp.14-19, 2002.
DOI : 10.1067/mhn.2002.121320

D. M. Comer, J. S. Elborn, and M. Ennis, Inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of acrolein, nicotine, acetylaldehdye and cigarette smoke extract on human nasal epithelial cells, BMC Pulm. Med, vol.14, pp.1-11, 2014.

G. Pagliuca, Cytologic and Functional Alterations of Nasal Mucosa in Smokers, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, vol.25, issue.4, pp.740-745, 2015.
DOI : 10.1288/00005537-199305000-00010

L. H. Nguyen, Similar allergic inflammation in the middle ear and the upper airway: Evidence linking otitis media with effusion to the united airways concept, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.114, issue.5, pp.1110-1115, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.07.061

J. D. Brunworth, Nasopharyngeal Acid Reflux and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Adults, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.112, issue.5, pp.415-424, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s11605-009-0915-6

M. Sone, T. Kato, and T. Nakashima, Current Concepts of Otitis Media in Adults as a Reflux-Related Disease, Otology & Neurotology, vol.34, issue.6, pp.1013-1020, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/MAO.0b013e318299aa52

A. Timochenko, ??tude anatomo-fonctionnelle par la tubomanom??trie et la vid??oendoscopie de la trompe auditive (trompe d???Eustache) chez les sujets adultes normaux, Morphologie, vol.91, issue.293, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.morpho.2007.09.075

M. Collin, Middle ear barotraumas due to rhinopharyngeal scar tissue: tubomanometry diagnostic and therapeutic contribution], Rev. Laryngol. Otol. Rhinol, vol.133, pp.157-61, 2012.

S. Chaudhry, Z. Ahmad, F. B. Khan, and M. Afzal, Frequency of otitis media in patients of nasal polypi, J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad, vol.22, pp.83-88, 2010.

C. Parietti-winkler, C. Baumann, P. Gallet, G. Gauchard, and R. Jankowski, Otitis media with effusion as a marker of the inflammatory process associated to nasal polyposis, Rhinology Journal, vol.47, issue.4, pp.396-399, 2009.
DOI : 10.4193/Rhin08.220

R. R. Makibara, J. Y. Fukunaga, and D. Gil, Fun????o da tuba auditiva em adultos com membrana timp??nica ??ntegra, Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.340-346, 2010.
DOI : 10.1590/S1808-86942010000300012

URL : http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/5783

T. S. Litovets, I. I. Litovets, V. N. Krasnozhen, and M. K. Mikha?lov, Comprehensive diagnostics of the patients presenting with Eustachian tube dysfunction], Vestn. Otorinolaringol, pp.66-74, 2013.

E. D. Mccoul, A. K. Vijay, and P. J. Christos, Validating the clinical assessment of eustachian tube dysfunction: The eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire (ETDQ-7), The Laryngoscope, vol.121, issue.5, pp.1137-1141, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.23223

M. Bakhshaee, Middle ear function in sinonasal polyposis, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.113, issue.1???2, pp.2911-2917, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00405-015-3812-5

W. J. Doyle, The link between allergic rhinitis and otitis media, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.2, issue.1, pp.21-26, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00130832-200202000-00004

D. Passali, Nasal Allergy and Otitis Media. A real correlation? sultan qaboos unvivert city 14, pp.59-64, 2014.

Z. Pelikan, The role of nasal allergy in chronic secretory otitis media, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, vol.99, issue.5, pp.401-408, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60563-7

Z. Pelikan, Audiometric Changes in Chronic Secretory Otitis Media Due to Nasal Allergy, Otology & Neurotology, vol.30, issue.7, pp.868-75, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181b0d0f3

S. G. Yeo, D. C. Park, Y. G. Eun, and C. Cha, The role of allergic rhinitis in the development of otitis media with effusion: effect on eustachian tube function, American Journal of Otolaryngology, vol.28, issue.3, pp.148-52, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjoto.2006.07.011

P. Bellioni, A. Cantani, and F. Salvinelli, Allergy: a leading role in otitis media with effusion, Allergol. Immunopathol. (Madr), vol.15, pp.205-213, 1987.

J. G. Lazo-sáenz, Eustachian tube dysfunction in allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol. - Head Neck Surg, pp.626-635, 2005.

N. Quaranta, L. Iannuzzi, and M. Gelardi, Does the Type of Rhinitis Influence Development of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children?, Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, vol.115, issue.5, p.472, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s11882-014-0472-2

C. Kwon, H. Y. Lee, M. G. Kim, S. H. Boo, and S. G. Yeo, Allergic diseases in children with otitis media with effusion, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, vol.77, issue.2, pp.158-61, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.09.039

E. Kreiner-møller, B. L. Chawes, P. Caye-thomasen, K. Bønnelykke, and H. Bisgaard, Allergic rhinitis is associated with otitis media with effusion: a birth cohort study, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, vol.114, issue.Suppl., pp.1615-1635, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04038.x

Z. Pelikan, Role of nasal allergy in chronic secretory otitis media, Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, vol.110, issue.Suppl35, pp.107-120, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s11882-009-0016-3

G. Lack, H. Caulfield, and M. Penagos, The link between otitis media with effusion and allergy: A potential role for intranasal corticosteroids, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, vol.17, issue.Suppl. 62, pp.258-66, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01130.x

L. C. Knight, R. Eccles, and S. Morris, Seasonal allergic rhinitis and its effects on Eustachian tube function and middle ear pressure, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.101, issue.4, pp.308-320, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0091-6749(87)80012-X

R. A. Friedman, Immunologic-mediated eustachian tube obstruction: a double-blind crossover study, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.71, issue.5, pp.442-449, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0091-6749(83)90459-1

M. J. Derebery and K. I. Berliner, Allergic eustachian tube dysfunction: diagnosis and treatment, Am. J. Otol, vol.18, pp.160-165, 1997.

J. M. Bernstein, The role of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in the development of otitis media with effusion: a review, Otolaryngol. Head. Neck Surg, vol.109, pp.611-631, 1993.

E. Mir, C. Panjabi, and A. Shah, Impact of allergic rhinitis in school going children, Asia Pacific Allergy, vol.2, issue.2, p.93, 2012.
DOI : 10.5415/apallergy.2012.2.2.93

A. R. Skoner, K. R. Skoner, and D. P. Skoner, Allergic rhinitis, histamine, and otitis media, Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, vol.30, issue.5, pp.470-81, 2009.
DOI : 10.2500/aap.2009.30.3272

G. Ralli and M. Gagliardi, Functional rhinopharyngotubal study on patients affected with cystic fibrosis, Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Belg, vol.37, pp.95-103, 1983.

J. D. Kerrebijn, R. M. Poublon, and S. E. Overbeek, Nasal and paranasal disease in adult cystic fibrosis patients, Eur. Respir. J. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Clin. Respir. Physiol, vol.5, pp.1239-1242, 1992.

B. Taylor, J. N. Evans, and G. A. Hope, Upper respiratory tract in cystic fibrosis: Ear-nose-throat survey of 50 children, Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol.49, issue.2, pp.133-139, 1974.
DOI : 10.1136/adc.49.2.133

B. Forman-franco, A. L. Abramson, J. D. Gorvoy, and T. Stein, Cystic Fibrosis and Hearing Loss, Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol.105, issue.6, pp.338-380, 1979.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.1979.00790180036007

N. W. Todd, There Are No Accurate Tests for Eustachian Tube Function, Archives of Otolaryngology???Head & Neck Surgery, vol.126, issue.8, pp.1041-1043, 2000.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.126.8.1041

R. J. Nozza, C. D. Bluestone, D. Kardatzke, and R. Bachman, Identification of Middle Ear Effusion by Aural Acoustic Admittance and Otoscopy, Ear and Hearing, vol.15, issue.4, pp.310-333, 1994.
DOI : 10.1097/00003446-199408000-00005

M. Straetemans, Eustachian Tube Function Before Recurrence of Otitis Media With Effusion, Archives of Otolaryngology???Head & Neck Surgery, vol.131, issue.2, pp.118-123, 2005.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.131.2.118

J. Jerger, Clinical Experience With Impedance Audiometry, Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol.92, issue.4, pp.311-335, 1970.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.1970.04310040005002

P. Liu, Detection of eustachian tube openings by tubomanometry in adult otitis media with effusion, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.62, issue.160, pp.3109-3124, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00405-016-3938-0

Å. Elner, S. Ingelstedt, and A. Ivarsson, The Normal Function of the Eustachian Tube: A Study of 102 Cases, 2009.

J. D. Swarts, M. S. Teixeira, J. Banks, J. El-wagaa, and W. J. Doyle, A method to assess the accuracy of sonotubometry for detecting Eustachian tube openings, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.29, issue.6, pp.2111-2120, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s00405-014-3031-5

D. A. Jonathan, Sonotubometry: its role in childhood glue ear, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.92, issue.2, pp.151-155, 1989.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1983.tb10451.x

D. A. Jonathan, P. Chalmers, and K. Wong, Comparison of sonotubometry with tympanometry to assess Eustachian tube function in adults, British Journal of Audiology, vol.9, issue.3, pp.231-236, 1986.
DOI : 10.3109/00016487809124724

S. J. Van-der-avoort, N. Van-heerbeek, G. A. Zielhuis, and C. W. Cremers, Sonotubometry: Eustachian Tube Ventilatory Function Test: A State-of-the-Art Review, Otology & Neurotology, vol.26, issue.3, pp.538-581, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.mao.0000169765.00798.cd

K. Yamashita and T. Miyazaki, Diagnostic Significance of Endoscopy of the Eustachian Tube, Auris Nasus Larynx, vol.12, pp.55-62, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0385-8146(85)80101-2

H. Gaafar, A. K. Deeb, F. Abdel-baki, and D. El-henawi, Flexible endoscopy and radiologic evaluation of the eustachian tube in adults with eustachian tube dysfunction, Am. J. Otol, vol.9, pp.357-62, 1988.

D. S. Poe, A. Abou-halawa, and O. Abdel-razek, Analysis of the Dysfunctional Eustachian Tube by Video Endoscopy, Otology & Neurotology, vol.22, issue.5, pp.590-595, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00129492-200109000-00005

G. Mathew, G. Kuruvilla, and A. Job, Dynamic slow motion video endoscopy in eustachian tube assessment, American Journal of Otolaryngology, vol.28, issue.2, pp.91-97, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjoto.2006.06.019

S. Conticello, V. Saita, L. Mantia, I. Ferlito, and S. , Endoscopy of the eustachian tube: use of the fiberscope and the telescope, Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol.12, issue.Suppl 1, pp.256-264, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00463567

Y. Liu, Z. Li, Z. Sun, and W. Jiang, Association between the shape alteration of pharyngeal ostium of eustachian tube and secretory otitis media], Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi, vol.18, pp.221-223, 2004.

M. Tarabichi and M. Najmi, Visualization of the eustachian tube lumen with Valsalva computed tomography, The Laryngoscope, vol.104, issue.3, pp.724-733, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.24979

H. J. Shim, A. Y. Choi, S. W. Yoon, K. H. Kwon, and S. G. Yeo, The Value of Measuring Eustachian Tube Aeration on Temporal Bone CT in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media, Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, vol.3, issue.2, pp.59-64, 2010.
DOI : 10.3342/ceo.2010.3.2.59

T. Kikuchi, Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Imaging in the Sitting Position for the Diagnosis of Patulous Eustachian Tube, Otology & Neurotology, vol.28, issue.2, pp.199-203, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/01.mao.0000253280.10501.72

S. Yoshioka, K. Naito, N. Fujii, and K. Katada, Movement of the Eustachian Tube During Sniffing in Patients With Patulous Eustachian Tube, Otology & Neurotology, vol.34, issue.5, pp.877-83, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/MAO.0b013e31827d0963

T. Oshima, T. Kikuchi, Y. Hori, T. Kawase, and T. Kobayashi, Magnetic resonance imaging of the eustachian tube cartilage, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.125, issue.5, pp.510-514, 2008.
DOI : 10.1080/00016480701596054

H. Amoodi, M. Bance, and A. Thamboo, Magnetic resonance imaging illustrating change in the Ostmann fat pad with age, J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg, vol.39, pp.440-441, 2010.

T. R. Goodman, S. Renowden, and J. Byrne, Case report: Petrous internal carotid artery aneurysm: An unusual cause of eustachian tube dysfunction, Clinical Radiology, vol.51, issue.9, pp.658-60, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-9260(96)80065-1

A. Lükens, E. Dimartino, R. W. Günther, and G. Krombach, Functional MR imaging of the Eustachian tube in patients with clinically proven dysfunction: correlation with lesions detected on MR images, European Radiology, vol.54, issue.3, pp.533-538, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00330-011-2303-3

C. M. Alper, M. S. Teixeira, J. D. Swarts, and W. J. Doyle, Quantitative Description of Eustachian Tube Movements During Swallowing as Visualized by Transnasal Videoendoscopy, JAMA Otolaryngology???Head & Neck Surgery, vol.141, issue.2, pp.160-168, 2015.
DOI : 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.3002

D. S. Poe, Diagnosis and Management of the Patulous Eustachian Tube, Otol. Neurotol. PAP, pp.668-77, 2007.

R. Perera, J. Haynes, P. Glasziou, and C. J. Heneghan, Autoinflation for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev, p.6285, 2006.

R. Sproat, C. Burgess, and T. Lancaster, Eustachian tube dysfunction in adults, BMJ, vol.348, issue.mar11 9, p.1647, 2014.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.g1647

N. Van-heerbeek, K. J. Ingels, O. Rijkers, G. T. Zielhuis, and G. , Therapeutic improvement of Eustachian tube function: a review, Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences, vol.12, issue.1, pp.50-56, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-5876(00)00281-0

M. F. Meyer, Impact of Xylomethazoline on Eustachian Tube Function in Healthy Participants, Otology & Neurotology, vol.36, issue.5, pp.769-75, 2015.
DOI : 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000709

A. Llewellyn, Interventions for adult Eustachian tube dysfunction: asystematic review, Health Technology Assessment, vol.18, issue.46, pp.1-180, 2014.
DOI : 10.3310/hta18460

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4781384

G. Norman, Systematic review of the limited evidence base for treatments of Eustachian tube dysfunction: a health technology assessment, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.122, issue.2 suppl., pp.6-21, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/coa.12220

M. B. Gluth, Management of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction With Nasal Steroid Spray, Archives of Otolaryngology???Head & Neck Surgery, vol.137, issue.5, pp.449-455, 2011.
DOI : 10.1001/archoto.2011.56

L. Tavernier and J. Chobaut, Rééducation tubaire : indications, techniques et résultats, pp.241-248, 2006.

R. M. Rosenfeld and D. Kay, Natural history of untreated otitis media, The Laryngoscope, vol.19, issue.Suppl, pp.1645-57, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/00005537-200310000-00004

A. G. Pfleiderer, S. Ghosh, N. Kairinos, and F. Chaudhri, A study of recurrence of retraction pockets after various methods of primary reconstruction of attic and mesotympanic defects in combined approach tympanoplasty, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.108, issue.6, pp.548-51, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2273.2003.00766.x

A. Llewellyn, Interventions for adult Eustachian tube dysfunction: asystematic review, Health Technology Assessment, vol.18, issue.46, pp.1-180, 2014.
DOI : 10.3310/hta18460

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4781384

S. Schröder, M. Lehmann, J. Ebmeyer, T. Upile, and H. Sudhoff, Balloon Eustachian tuboplasty: a retrospective cohort study, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.38, issue.6, pp.629-667, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/coa.12429

E. D. Mccoul, A. Singh, V. K. Anand, and A. Tabaee, Balloon dilation of the eustachian tube in a cadaver model: Technical considerations, learning curve, and potential barriers, The Laryngoscope, vol.121, issue.4, pp.718-741, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.23181

T. Abdel-aziz, Computed Tomography Before Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty???A True Necessity?, Otology & Neurotology, vol.35, issue.4, pp.635-643, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000214

K. A. Smith, R. R. Orlandi, and L. Rudmik, Cost of adult chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review, The Laryngoscope, vol.123, issue.suppl 2, pp.1547-1556, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.25180

R. Varshney and J. Lee, Current trends in topical therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis: update and literature review, Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, vol.5, issue.2, 2016.
DOI : 10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3115

J. Sadé and E. Berco, Atelectasis and Secretory Otitis Media, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.18, issue.2_suppl, pp.66-72, 1976.
DOI : 10.1177/00034894760850S214

J. Tysome, Eustachian tube dysfunction consensus, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.39, issue.5, pp.406-406, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/coa.12496

I. Canali, L. Petersen-schmidt-rosito, B. Siliprandi, C. Giugno, and S. Selaimen-da-costa, Assessment of Eustachian tube function in patients with tympanic membrane retraction and in normal subjects, Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, vol.83, issue.1, pp.1808-8694, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.01.010

J. W. Seibert and C. J. Danner, Eustachian Tube Function and the Middle Ear, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, vol.39, issue.6, pp.1221-1256, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.otc.2006.08.011

C. Hsin, T. Chen, K. Liang, H. Tseng, and W. Liu, Postirradiation otitis media with effusion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy, The Laryngoscope, vol.118, issue.9, pp.2148-53, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/lary.23215

S. Van-roeyen, P. Van-de-heyning, and V. Van-rompaey, Responsiveness of the 7-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire, The Journal of International Advanced Otology, vol.12, issue.1, pp.106-108, 2016.
DOI : 10.5152/iao.2016.2086

S. Schröder, Evaluation of tubomanometry as a routine diagnostic tool for chronic obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction, Clinical Otolaryngology, vol.125, issue.6, pp.691-697, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/coa.12451

M. Caversaccio, R. Häusler, and A. Helbling, Otologic Manifestations in Samter's Syndrome. ORL J. oto-rhino-laryngology its Relat, Spec, vol.71, pp.6-10, 2009.
DOI : 10.1159/000163218

URL : http://doi.org/10.1159/000163218

B. C. Pau and D. K. Ng, Prevalence of otitis media with effusion in children with allergic rhinitis, a cross sectional study, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, vol.84, pp.156-160, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.03.008

J. F. Grimmer and D. S. Poe, Update on eustachian tube dysfunction and the patulous eustachian tube, Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, vol.13, issue.5, pp.277-82, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.moo.0000176465.68128.45

M. Yao and H. Shen, The effects of endoscopic nasal surgery on the function of eustachian tube], Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi, vol.16, pp.208-217, 2002.

N. F. Stoikes and J. M. Dutton, The effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on symptoms of eustachian tube dysfunction, Am. J. Rhinol, vol.19, pp.199-202, 2005.

S. A. Filipovic, L. Janosevic, V. Andric, and A. Ugrinovic, Clinical evaluation of Eustachian tube transience and function in patients with different types of increased nasal resistance, Vojnosanitetski pregled, vol.66, issue.5, pp.353-357, 2009.
DOI : 10.2298/VSP0905353A

C. Alves and C. S. Oliveira, Hearing loss among patients with Turner's syndrome: literature review1, Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, vol.80, issue.3, pp.257-63, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bjorl.2013.08.002

O. Reilly and B. J. , Middle ear effusions and myasthenia gravis, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, vol.87, issue.02, pp.169-170, 1988.
DOI : 10.3109/00206098009072670

B. Maes, Atlas d, Anatomie, 2014.

E. Hachem and N. , La trompe d???Eustache??: physiologie, physiopathologie et r??le dans la gen??se de l???otite moyenne, Kin??sith??rapie, la Revue, vol.12, issue.132, pp.18-24, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.kine.2012.09.006

A. Borangiu, C. Popescu, and V. Purcarea, Sonotubometry , a useful tool for the evaluation of the Eustachian tube ventilatory function, J. Med. Life, vol.7, pp.604-610, 2014.