]. E. Bibliographie1, E. Abraham, ]. N. Chain, P. Datta, C. Kontomichalou et al., Wiedemann, « Evolution of plasmid-coded resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins « Transferable resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefamandole and cefuroxime in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens, Penicillinase synthesis controlled by infectious R factors in Enterobacteriaceae », Nature 239?241, oct 302?307, janv Grimm, et S. Schweighart, « A new plasmidic cefotaximase in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli », Infection, pp.315-317, 1940.

D. Enterobacteriaceae, C. W. Bikard, W. Euler, P. M. Jiang, G. W. Nussenzweig et al., « Extended-Spectrum ?-Lactamases in the 21st Century: Characterization, Epidemiology, and Detection of This Important Resistance Threat, Exploiting CRISPR-Cas nucleases to produce sequencespecific antimicrobials, pp.159-166, 2008.

I. Arnaud, V. Jarlier, and «. , Surveillance des bactéries multiresistantes dans les établissements de santé en France. Réseau BMR-Raisin -Résultats 2013 », groupe de travail BMR-Raisin

J. P. Flaherty and R. A. Weinstein, Nosocomial Infection Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms in the Intensive-Care Unit, Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, vol.17, issue.4, pp.236-248, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/30141027

E. Lautenbach, J. B. Patel, W. B. Bilker, P. H. Edelstein, and N. O. Fishman, Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Risk Factors for Infection and Impact of Resistance on Outcomes, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.32, issue.8, pp.1162-1171, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/319757

D. L. Paterson, W. Ko, A. V. Gottberg, S. Mohapatra, J. M. Casellas et al., Antibiotic Therapy for Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteremia: Implications of Production of Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamases, Antibiotic Therapy for Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteremia: Implications of Production of Extended-Spectrum ?-Lactamases, pp.31-37, 2004.
DOI : 10.1086/420816

F. Barbier, C. Pommier, W. Essaied, M. Garrouste-orgeas, C. Schwebel et al., Colonization and infection with extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in ICU patients: what impact on outcomes and carbapenem exposure?, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.71, issue.4, pp.1088-1097
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkv423

A. Boyer, V. Couallier, B. Clouzeau, A. Lasheras, F. M-'zali et al., Gruson, « Control of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase?producing Enterobacteriaceae nosocomial acquisition in an intensive care unit: A time series regression analysis », Am, J. Infect. Control, vol.43, pp.12-1296

A. D. Harris, J. C. Mcgregor, and J. P. Furuno, What Infection Control Interventions Should Be Undertaken to Control Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria?, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.43, issue.Supplement 2, pp.57-61, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/504479

F. Barnaud, A. Delisle, T. Rossier, A. Lambert, and . Philippon, Arlet, « Dissemination of CTX-M-Type -Lactamases among Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.48, issue.4, pp.1249-1255, 2004.

K. Townsend, R. M. Reinhart, D. C. Kleinpell, C. S. Angus, F. R. Deutschman et al., et Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee including the Pediatric Subgroup, « Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, Crit. Care Med, vol.41, issue.2, pp.580-637, 2012.

K. Razazi, L. P. Derde, M. Verachten, P. Legrand, and P. Lesprit, Clinical impact and risk factors for colonization with extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing bacteria in the intensive care unit, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.171, issue.Suppl 1, pp.1769-1778, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-012-2675-0

A. C. Thiébaut, G. Arlet, A. Andremont, E. Papy, J. Sollet et al., Variability of intestinal colonization with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and antibiotic use in intensive care units, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.67, issue.6, pp.1525-1536
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dks072

P. Grohs, I. Podglajen, E. Guerot, F. Bellenfant, A. Caumont-prim et al., Assessment of five screening strategies for optimal detection of carriers of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in intensive care units using daily sampling, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol.20, issue.11, pp.879-886, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/1469-0691.12663

M. Alves, A. Lemire, D. Decré, D. Margetis, N. Bigé et al., Extended-spectrum betalactamase ? producing enterobacteriaceae in the intensive care unit: acquisition does not mean cross-transmission, BMC Infect. Dis, vol.16, issue.1, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01304295

L. Gibold, F. Robin, R. Tan, and J. Delmas, Four-year epidemiological study of extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a French teaching hospital, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol.20, issue.1, pp.20-26
DOI : 10.1111/1469-0691.12321

G. Leistner, G. Valenza, E. Y. Werner, and . Pfeifer, « Molecular characterisation of extendedspectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from hospital and ambulatory patients in Germany, Vet. Microbiol

S. Tschudin-sutter, R. Frei, M. Dangel, A. Stranden, and A. F. Widmer, Rate of Transmission of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Without Contact Isolation, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.55, issue.11, pp.1505-1511, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/cid/cis770

A. D. Harris, M. Kotetishvili, S. Shurland, J. A. Johnson, J. G. Morris et al., How important is patient-to-patient transmission in extended-spectrum ??-lactamase Escherichia coli acquisition, American Journal of Infection Control, vol.35, issue.2, pp.97-101, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.09.011

A. D. Harris, E. N. Perencevich, J. K. Johnson, D. L. Paterson, J. G. Morris et al., Patient-to-Patient Transmission Is Important in Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Acquisition, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.45, issue.10, pp.1347-1350, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/522657

H. Guet-revillet, A. Le-monnier, N. Breton, P. Descamps, H. Lecuyer et al., Environmental contamination with extended-spectrum ??-lactamases: Is there any difference between Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp?, American Journal of Infection Control, vol.40, issue.9
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.10.007

A. O. Ajao, J. K. Johnson, A. D. Harris, M. Zhan, J. C. Mcgregor et al., Conclusions., Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, vol.52, issue.05, pp.453-458, 2013.
DOI : 10.1086/605408

D. Bracco, M. Dubois, and R. Bouali, Single rooms may help to prevent nosocomial bloodstream infection and cross-transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.365, issue.5, pp.836-840, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-007-0559-5

J. Zahar, L. Poirel, C. Dupont, N. Fortineau, and X. Nassif, About the usefulness of contact precautions for carriers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, BMC Infectious Diseases, vol.50, issue.1, p.512, 2015.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.00859-12

L. O. Conterno, J. Shymanski, K. Ramotar, B. Toye, R. Zvonar et al., Impact and cost of infection control measures to reduce nosocomial transmission of extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing organisms in a non-outbreak setting, Journal of Hospital Infection, vol.65, issue.4, pp.354-360, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhin.2006.12.014

W. E. Trick, R. A. Weinstein, and P. L. , DeMarais, « Comparison of Routine Glove Use and Contact-Isolation Precautions to Prevent Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in a Long-Term Care Facility, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.52, issue.12, 2004.

T. C. Hendrik, A. F. Voor-in-'t-holt, and M. C. , Vos, « Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella spp.: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses, PLoS ONE, vol.10, issue.10, pp.140754-2015

Z. Wen, X. Wei, Y. Xiao, F. Xue, F. Hao et al., Intervention study of the association of antibiotic utilization measures with control of extended-spectrum ??-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, Microbes and Infection, vol.12, issue.10, pp.710-715, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.04.015

A. Savey and A. Machut, Réseau d'alerte, d'investigation et de surveillance des infections nosocomiales (RAISIN), et DMI, Surveillance des infections nosocomiales en réanimation adulte, 2014.

R. V. Goering, Pulsed field gel electrophoresis: A review of application and interpretation in the molecular epidemiology of infectious disease, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, vol.10, issue.7, pp.866-875, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.07.023