H. Agut and J. Ruraux, La place de l'amplification génique (PCR) en microbiologie, Bull. Soc. Fr. Microbiol, vol.5, pp.7-9, 1990.

A. Parasitologie-mycologie, Association française des enseignants de Parasitologie. 6ème édition, pp.357-66, 1998.

R. Ansorg, R. Van-den-boom, and P. Rath, galactomannan antigen in foods and antibiotics, Mycoses, vol.23, issue.9-10, pp.353-360, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00249.x

B. Bainbridge, A. Keith, and K. Powell, Modem approaches to the taxonomy of Aspergillus In : The genus Aspergillus, pp.291-301, 1994.

M. Bougnoux, C. Dupont, M. J. Saulnier, P. Faivre, V. Payen et al., Serum is more suitable than whole blood for diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by nested PCR, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.37, pp.925-955, 1999.

M. Brandt, A. Padhye, L. Mayer, and B. Holloway, Utility of random amplified polymorphie DNA PCR and Taqman automated detection in molecular identification of Aspergillus fùmigatus, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.36, pp.2057-62, 1998.

M. Brenier-pinchart, H. Pelloux, B. Lebeau, C. Pinel, P. Ambroise-thomas et al., Towards a molecular diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis?, J. Mycol. Med, vol.9, pp.16-23, 1999.

S. Bretagne, J. Costa, E. Bart-delabesse, N. Dhédin, C. Rieux et al., Comparison of Serum Galactomannan Antigen Detection and Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosing Invasive Aspergillosis, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.26, issue.6, pp.1407-1419, 1998.
DOI : 10.1086/516343

S. Bretagne, J. Costa, A. Marmorat-khuong, F. Poron, and C. Cordonnier, Vidaud Met al. Detection of Aspergillus species DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage by competitive PCR

D. Buchheidt, H. Skladny, C. Baust, and R. Hehlmann, Barly detection of Aspergillus species by PCR in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples of immunocompromised patients, Trends in invasive fungal infections, pp.5-8, 1997.

D. Caillot, C. 0. Bernard, A. Covaillier, J. Durand, C. Cuisinier et al., Improved management of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic patients using early thoracic computed tomographic scan and surgery., Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.15, issue.1, pp.139-186, 1997.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.1.139

P. Chavanet, Amphot??ricine B d??oxycholate (Fungizone??): vieux m??dicament, nouvelles versions, La Revue de M??decine Interne, vol.18, issue.2, pp.153-65, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0248-8663(97)84682-6

J. Costa, D. Vidaud, E. Bart-delabesse, M. Vidaud, and S. Bretagne, Real time PCR (Taqman) for the diagnostic of invasive aspergillosis. Trends in invasive fungal infections 5, pp.14-16, 1999.

M. Cuena-estrella, J. Rodriguez-tudela, E. Mellado, J. Martinez-suarez, and A. Monzon, Comparison of the in-vitro activity of voriconazole (UK-109,496), itraconazole and amphotericin B against clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.42, issue.4, pp.531-534, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/42.4.531

J. Delorme and A. Robert, Monographie des Aspergillus

D. Denning, Invasive Aspergillosis, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.26, issue.4, pp.781-805, 1997.
DOI : 10.1086/513943

D. Pauw and B. , Prospects of voriconazole in the treatment of life-thretening Aspergillus infections. Presented at 4th Congress of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology, pp.11-13, 1998.

F. Derouin, Apport des méthodes de biologie moléculaire au laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie en 1997. La lettre de l, infectiologue, vol.2, pp.66-71, 1998.

F. Derouin, Diagnostic, traitement et prévention de l'aspergillose invasive

B. Dupont, Traitement curatif de l'aspergillose invasive, Path. Biol, vol.42, pp.688-93, 1994.

B. Dupont, L. Improvisi, F. Provosy, L. Meulemans, and D. Stynen, Détection de galactomannane dans les aspergilloses invasives humaines et animales avec un test au latex, Bull. Soc. Fr. Mycol. Med, vol.19, pp.35-41, 1990.

H. Einsele, H. Hebart, G. Roller, and J. Loffler, Rothenhofer 1, Muller CA et al. Detection and identification of fungal pathogens in blood by using molecular probes, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.35, pp.1353-60, 1997.

C. Feger, E. Kerviller, A. Zagdanski, P. Attal, F. Cyna-gorse et al., Aspects radiologiques des aspergilloses invasives, Path. Bio!, vol.42, pp.670-674, 1994.

H. Fletcher, R. Barton, P. Verweij, and E. Evans, Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus PCR products by a microtitre plate based DNA hybridisation assay, Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol.51, issue.8, pp.617-637, 1998.
DOI : 10.1136/jcp.51.8.617

R. Grillet, Les mycoses humaines : démarche diagnostique. Collection Option Bio, 1996.

R. Grillet, P. Mondon, M. Brenier, and P. Ambroise-thomas, Aspergillus fumigatus : du saprophytisme à la virulence. Biodiversité phénotypique et génotypique, Ann. Pharm. Fr, vol.54, pp.68-72, 1996.

R. Grillet and T. Noel, Antifongiques et antifongigramme, Option Bio, vol.224, pp.1-16, 1999.

J. Latgé, Aspergillus jùmigatus and aspergillosis, Clin. Microbiol. Rev, vol.12, pp.310-50, 1999.

J. Latgé, S. Paris, J. Sarfati, J. Debeaupuis, M. Diaquin et al., Outils, progrés et questions dans l'étude moléculaire de !'Aspergillus jùmigatus et de l'aspergillose invasive, Path. Bio, vol.42, pp.632-641, 1994.

J. Latgé, S. Paris, J. Sarfati, J. Debeaupuis, and M. Monod, Exoantigens of Aspergillus fùmigatus : serodiagnosis and virulence. In : The genus Aspergillus, pp.321-360, 1994.

J. Latgé, J. Sarfati, and J. Debeaupuis, Aspergillus: des problèmes de détection? Soc, Fr. Mycol. Med, pp.8-10, 1995.

B. Lebeau, M. Piens, and L. Kures, Morin 0, Pospisil F, Chevrier Set al. Profil actuel de l'aspergillose invasive en France, J. Clin. Med, vol.6, pp.97-102, 1996.

J. Lôffler, H. Hebart, R. Bialek, L. Hagmeyer, D. Schmidt et al., Contaminations occuring in fungal PCR assays, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.37, pp.1200-1202, 1999.

J. Lôffler, H. Hebart, S. Sepe, U. Schumacher, T. Klingebiel et al., Detection of PCR-amplified fungal DNA by using a PCR-ELISA system, Medical Mycology, vol.36, issue.5, pp.275-284, 1998.
DOI : 10.1080/02681219880000441

J. Lôffler, H. Hebart, U. Schumacher, H. Reitze, and H. Einsele, Comparaison of different methods for extraction of DNA of fungal pathogens from cultures and blood, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.37, pp.3311-3313, 1997.

K. Makimura, S. Murayama, and H. Yamaguchi, Detection of a wide range of medically important fungi by the polymerase chain reaction, Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.40, issue.5, pp.358-64, 1994.
DOI : 10.1099/00222615-40-5-358

W. Melchers, P. Verweij, P. Van-den-hurk, V. Belkum, P. et al., General primer-mediated PCR for detection of Aspergillus species, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.32, pp.1710-1717, 1994.

F. Parkin, J. Cerrina, L. R. Ladurie, F. Libert, J. Dartevelle et al., Infections après transplantation d'organe : quelle place de la biologie moléculaire? La lettre de l'infectiologue, pp.85-93, 1998.

W. Rau, Aspergillus infections of the lung: radiological signs, Mycoses, vol.140, pp.25-32, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00560.x

L. Reddy, A. Kumar, and V. Kurup, Specific amplification of Aspergillus fumigatus DNA by polymerase chain reaction, Molecular and Cellular Probes, vol.7, issue.2, pp.121-127, 1993.
DOI : 10.1006/mcpr.1993.1016

P. Ribaud, H. Esperou-bourdeau, A. Devergie, and E. Gluckman, Aspergillose invasive et allogreffe de moelle, Path. Bio, vol.42, pp.652-657, 1994.

M. Ridcharson, D. Warrok, and . Aspergillosis, In: Fungal infection diagnostic and management, Blackwell scientific publications, pp.133-180, 1993.

P. Rohrlich, J. Sarfati, P. Mariani, M. Duval, A. Carol et al., Prospective sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum galactomannan: early predictive value and clinical use in invasive aspergillosis, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol.15, issue.3, pp.232-239, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00006454-199603000-00011

G. Sandhu, B. Kline, L. Stoskan, and G. Robert, Molecular probes for diagnosis of fungal infections, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.33, pp.2913-2922, 1995.

S. Schwartz and E. Thiel, Clinical presentation of invasive aspergillosis, Mycoses, vol.13, issue.Suppl A, pp.21-25, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00559.x

J. Serevens, J. Donnelly, J. Meis, D. Vries-robbe, P. et al., Two Strategies for Managing Invasive Aspergillosis: A Decision Analysis, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.25, issue.5, pp.1148-54, 1997.
DOI : 10.1086/516085

C. Spreadbury, D. Holden, A. Aufauvre-brown, B. Bainbridge, and J. Cohen, Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus by polymerase chain reaction, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.31, pp.615-636, 1993.

D. Stynen, A. Goris, J. Sarfati, and J. Latgé, A new sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect galactofuran in patients with invasive aspergillosis, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.33, pp.497-500, 1995.

A. Sulahian, M. Tabouret, P. Ribaud, J. Sarfati, E. Gluckman et al., Comparison of an enzyme immunoassay and latex agglutination test for detection of galactomannan in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol.62, issue.2, pp.139-184, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01591487

K. Swart, A. Debets, E. Holub, L. Bos, R. Hoekstra et al., Physical karyotiping: genetic and taxonomie applications in aspergilli In: The genus Aspergillus, pp.233-242, 1994.

M. Tang, D. Holden, A. Aufauvre-brown, and J. Cohen, spp. by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Its Evaluation in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, American Review of Respiratory Disease, vol.148, issue.5, pp.1313-1320, 1993.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm/148.5.1313

C. Turenne, S. Sanche, D. Hoban, J. Karlowsky, and A. Kabani, Rapid identification of fungi by using the ITS2 genetic region and an automated fluorescent capillary electrophoresis system, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.37, pp.1846-51, 1999.

J. Van-burik, D. Myerson, R. Schreckhise, and R. Bowden, Panfungal assay for detection of fungal infection in human blood specimens, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.36, pp.1169-75, 1998.

M. Vaneechoutte and J. Van-eldere, The possibilities and limitations of nucleic acid amplification technology in diagnostic microbiology, Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.46, issue.3, pp.188-94, 1997.
DOI : 10.1099/00222615-46-3-188

P. Verweij, K. Brinkman, H. Kremer, B. Kullberg, and J. Meis, Aspergillus meningitidis : diagnosis by non-culture-based microbiological methods and management, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.37, pp.1186-1195, 1999.

P. Verweij and D. Denning, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Invasive Aspergillosis, Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.18, issue.03, pp.203-218, 1997.
DOI : 10.1055/s-2008-1070990

P. Verweij, J. Latgé, A. Rijs, W. Melchers, D. Paw et al., Comparaison of antigen detection and PCR assay using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosing invasive pulrnonary aspergillosis in patients receiving treatment for hematological malignancies, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.33, pp.3150-3153, 1995.

P. Verweij, J. Meis, P. Van-den-hurk, V. Belkum, P. et al., Polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool for invasive aspergillosis: evaluation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from low risk patients, Serodiagnosis and Immunotherapy in Infectious Disease, vol.6, issue.4, pp.203-211, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0888-0786(94)90033-7

P. Verweij, D. Stynen, J. Antonius, M. Rijs, D. Paw et al., Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with pastorex latex agglutination test for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.33, pp.1912-1916, 1995.

Y. Yamakami, A. Hashimoto, I. Tokimatsu, and M. Nasu, PCR detection of DNA specific for Aspergillus species in serum of patients with invasive aspergillosis, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.34, pp.2464-2472, 1996.

P. Yeni, Perspectives médicamenteuses dans le traitement de l'aspergillose invasive, Path. Bio, vol.42, pp.700-705, 1994.

R. Young, Current taxonomie schemes of the genus Aspergillus and its teleomorphs In : Aspergillus, biology and industrial applications, Eds Butterworth-Heineman, pp.355-90, 1992.