21 3.1) Les techniques de déflexion gingivale 21 3.1.1) Les moyens mécaniques, p.24 ,
27 3.1.3.1) Les cordonnets imprégnés) Les pâtes gingivales, p.27 ,
28 3.2.2), p.30 ,
71 1.1) En, ., p.71, 1999. ,
ayant eu une formation plus récente et donc plus exhaustive, les praticiens de 25 à 35 ans utilisent plus de méthodes que les praticiens de plus de 35 ans ,
Chirurgie plastique parodontale. Rueil-Malmaison: Ed. CdP, 2011. ,
Pratique de l'empreinte en prothèse fixée, Ed. CDP, 2012. ,
Dimensions and Relations of the Dentogingival Junction in Humans, Journal of Periodontology, vol.32, issue.3, pp.261-268, 1961. ,
DOI : 10.1902/jop.1961.32.3.261
Incidences parodontales des accès aux limites en prothèse fixée: revue de la littérature 1ère partie: technique d'accès aux limites, Strat Prothétique, vol.8, issue.2, pp.133-174, 2008. ,
Intracrevicular restorative dentistry, Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, vol.1, issue.4, pp.34-49, 1981. ,
Defining biologic width in crown lengthening, CDS Rev, vol.88, issue.5, pp.20-23, 1995. ,
The dimensions of the human dentogingival junction, Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, vol.14, issue.2, pp.154-65, 1994. ,
The Junctional Epithelium: from Health to Disease, Journal of Dental Research, vol.84, issue.1, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH673>3.0.CO;2-T
Les empreintes en prothèse fixée. Paris: Ed CdP, 1994. ,
Prothèse fixée et parodonte: favoriser et pérenniser l'intégration biologique et esthétique Current concepts in gingival displacement, Dent Clin North Am, vol.48, issue.2, pp.433-477, 2004. ,
Rotary gingival curettage-a technique for tooth preparation and management of the gingival sulcus for impression taking, Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, vol.1, issue.4, pp.8-33, 1981. ,
The gingival biotype revisited: transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin as a method to discriminate thin from thick gingiva, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, vol.70, issue.5, pp.428-461, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1902/jop.1995.66.5.397
Gingival Displacement for Impression Making in Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Clinics of North America, vol.58, issue.1, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.cden.2013.09.002
Physiologic Dimensions of the Periodontium Significant to the Restorative Dentist, Journal of Periodontology, vol.50, issue.4, pp.170-174, 1979. ,
DOI : 10.1902/jop.1979.50.4.170
Textbook of clinical periodontology. 2. ed, 5. print. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1995 Chirurgie muco-gingivale chez l'enfant et l'adolescent Paris ,
The closure of the gingival crevice following gingival retraction for impression making, Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, vol.14, issue.9, pp.629-664, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3913(80)90069-4
Current Methods of Finish-Line Exposure by Practicing Prosthodontists, Journal of Prosthodontics, vol.71, issue.3, pp.163-70, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.14219/jada.archive.1980.0228
Clinical trial of gingival retraction cords, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.81, issue.3, pp.258-61, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3913(99)70266-0
Tissue management, gingival retraction and hemostasis http://www.oralhealthgroup.com/features/tissue-management-gingival- retraction-and-hemostasis/ 23. Shivasakthy M, Asharaf Ali S. Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Gingival Retraction using Polyvinyl Acetate Strips and Conventional Retraction Cord -An in Vivo Study, Oral Health Journal. juill J Clin Diagn Res, 2011. ,
Tissue management with a new gingival retraction material: a preliminary clinical report Quality of impressions after use of the Magic FoamCord gingival retraction system--a clinical study of 269 abutment teeth, J Prosthet Dent Int J Prosthodont, vol.7522, issue.252, pp.242-7143, 1996. ,
Incidences parodontales des accès aux limites en prothèse fixée: revue de la littérature 2ème partie: technique d'accès aux limites Review and survey of medicaments used with gingival retraction cords, 183?95. 27, pp.525-556, 1985. ,
Epinephrine absorption from commercial gingival retraction cords in clinical patients, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.68, issue.5, pp.761-766, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3913(92)90198-J
Recommendations to use vasoconstrictors in dentistry and Oral surgery Médecine buccale chirurgie buccale Dose-related effects of epinephrine on human gingival blood flow and crevicular fluid production used as a soaking solution for chemo-mechanical tissue retraction, J Prosthet Dent, vol.97, issue.1, pp.6-11, 2003. ,
Fluid absorbency of retraction cords after soaking in aluminum chloride solution, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.60, issue.6, pp.676-684, 1988. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3913(88)90396-4
An alternative way to use gingival retraction paste. J Am Dent Assoc, 2003. ,
Periodontal and restorative considerations in rotary gingival curettage. J Am Dent Assoc, pp.231-237, 1982. ,
Crowns and other extra-coronal restorations: Impression materials and technique, British Dental Journal, vol.52, issue.12, pp.679-84, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3913(84)90449-9
Accès aux limites prothétiques : apport de la technologie laser ,
Use of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser for intraoral soft tissue surgery, Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, vol.95, issue.5, pp.455-61, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1177/000348948609500601
Gingival retraction -Technique and materials: a review, Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal. dec, vol.30, issue.2, pp.545-551, 2010. ,
The use of 980-nm diode and 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for gingival retraction in fixed prostheses, J Oral Applications, 2004. ,
The use of lasers in fixed prosthodontics. Dent Clin North Am, pp.971-98, 2004. ,
Use of an erbium laser in lieu of retraction cord: a modern technique Gen Dent Van As GA. The Diode Laser as an Electrosurgery Replacement, Dental Tribune, vol.53, issue.1, pp.116-96, 2005. ,
The effect of sulcular width on the linear accuracy of impression materials in the presence of an undercut, Int J Prosthodont, vol.17, issue.5, pp.585-594, 2004. ,
A clinical study on the effects of cordless and conventional retraction techniques on the gingival and periodontal health, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, vol.24, issue.12, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0078
Effect of gingival displacement cord and cordless systems on the closure, displacement, and inflammation of the gingival crevice, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.115, issue.2, pp.177-82, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.06.023
Probing force and the relationship of the probe tip to the periodontal tissues, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, vol.60, issue.2, pp.106-120, 1979. ,
DOI : 10.1902/jop.1968.39.6.311
A comparison of pressure generated by cordless gingival displacement techniques, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.107, issue.6, pp.388-92 ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3913(12)60097-3
Comparison of pressure generated by cordless gingival displacement materials, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.112, issue.2, pp.163-170 ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.09.035
Expasyl: protocole d'utilisation en prothèse fixée, Clinic, vol.2, issue.23, pp.97-103, 2002. ,
Recession in sites with inadequate width of the keratinized gingival An experimental study in the dog, Romagna-Genon C, Genon P. Esthétique et parodontie: les clés du succès, pp.95-103, 1984. ,
DOI : 10.1902/jop.1955.26.1.26
Relationship of surface epithelium concentrations of IL-1 alpha and IL- 1 beta to clinical inflammation during experimental gingivitis, Monogr Oral Sci, vol.17, pp.20-31, 2000. ,
Interleukin 1??, interleukin 6, ??2-microglobulin, and transforming growth factor-?? in gingival crevicular fluid from human periodontal disease, Archives of Oral Biology, vol.44, issue.6, pp.535-544, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-9969(99)00020-5
Chirurgie plastique et esthétique en parodontie et implantologie une approche microchirurgicale. Paris; Berlin; Chicago: Quintessence international, 2013. ,
Altering Gingival Levels: The Restorative Connection Part I: Biologic Variables, Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, vol.6, issue.1, pp.3-7, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1902/jop.1961.32.3.261
Biological integration of aesthetic restorations: factors influencing appearance and long-term success, 29?44. 58. Viargues P. La position des limites cervicales de préparation en prothèse fixée. Analyse de la littérature : conséquences cliniques, pp.3-18, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1902/jop.1953.24.3.172
Effect of retraction materials on the gingival sulcus epithelium, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.11, issue.3, pp.514-535, 1961. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3913(61)90234-7
Tissue reactions to string packs used in fixed restorations, pp.318-343, 1963. ,
Effect of retraction procedures on the periodontium in humans, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.44, issue.5, pp.508-523, 1980. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3913(80)90069-4
Clinical study of a newly developed injection-type gingival retraction material, Chin Dent J, vol.24, issue.3, pp.147-151, 2005. ,
The Effect of Gingival Retraction Procedures on Periodontal Indices and Crevicular Fluid Cytokine Levels: A Pilot Study, Journal of Prosthodontics, vol.16, issue.2, pp.108-120, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1067/mpr.2001.115276
Clinical evaluation of different gingival retraction cords, Quintessence Int. Feb, vol.38, issue.2, pp.92-100, 2007. ,
Cytotoxic effects of gingival retraction cords on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro, Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, vol.28, issue.4, pp.368-72, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00459.x
Influence of different retraction techniques on crevicular fluid flow, Int J Prosthodont, vol.21, issue.3, pp.215-221, 2008. ,
Gingival inflammatory response induced by chemical retraction agents in beagle dogs, Int J Prosthodont, vol.15, issue.1, pp.14-23, 2002. ,
Effects of gingival retraction materials on gingival blood flow, Int J Prosthodont, vol.20, issue.1, pp.57-62, 2007. ,
Effect of retraction materials on gingival health: A histopathological study, Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, vol.14, issue.1, pp.35-44, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.4103/0972-124X.65436
A review of pharmacotherapeutics for prosthetic dentistry: Part I, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.77, issue.3, pp.285-92, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70186-0
accès aux limites cervicales : sécurité et efficacité, Inf Dent, issue.9, pp.442-445, 2006. ,
The effect of displacement time on gingival crevice width, Int J Prosthodont, vol.10, issue.3, pp.248-53, 1997. ,
New Zealand dentists' use of gingival retraction techniques for fixed prosthodontics and implants, N Z Dent J, 2010. ,
Comparative study of gingival retraction methods, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.50, issue.4 ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3913(83)90581-4
Comparative study on gingival retraction using mechanochemical procedure and pulsed Nd = YAG laser irradiation, Egypt Dent J, 1995. ,
A clinical comparison of cordless and conventional displacement systems regarding clinical performance and impression quality, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.111, issue.5, pp.388-94, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.08.009
Pharmacological Agents in Dentistry: A Review, British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol.1, issue.3, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.9734/BJPR/2011/272
Electron microscopic analysis of the effects of chemical retraction agents on cultured rat keratinocytes, J Prosthet Dent, vol.187, issue.31, pp.51-57, 2002. ,
Set up of in vitro methods able to detect the safety of astringent liquids]. Minerva Stomatol, pp.361-368, 2004. ,
Review of the pH of hemostatic agents used in tissue displacement, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.70, issue.2, pp.191-193, 1993. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3913(93)90018-J
Cytotoxic potential of vasoconstrictor experimental gingival retraction agents: in vitro study on primary human gingival fibroblasts Dynamic oxidoreductive potential of astringent retraction agents SEM-EDX study of prepared human dentine surfaces exposed to gingival retraction fluids, Folia Biol (Praha). Folia Biol (Praha). J Dent, vol.585633, issue.839, pp.731-740, 2005. ,
The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems, Journal of Periodontology, vol.38, issue.6 Part II, pp.610-616, 1967. ,
DOI : 10.1902/jop.1967.38.6_part2.610
Periodontology: a clinical approach. 1. Periodontal examination and screening Quality of impressions using hydrophilic polyvinyl siloxane in a clinical study of 249 patients, Br Dent J. Int J Prosthodont, vol.17820, issue.863, pp.185-9270, 1995. ,
Clinical Evaluation of Three New Gingival Retraction Systems: A Research Report A double-blind randomised clinical trial of two techniques for gingival displacement, 36?42. 88. Sarmento HR, 2013. ,
Parodontologie: du diagnostic à la pratique Bruxelles: De Boeck; 1997. 90. Silness J, Löe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condtion, Acta Odontol Scand. Feb, vol.22, pp.121-156, 1964. ,
Efficiency of Cordless Versus Cord Techniques of Gingival Retraction: A Systematic Review, Journal of Prosthodontics, vol.139, issue.3, pp.177-185 ,
DOI : 10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0047
A Simple Technique to Reduce the Risk of Irreversible Gingival Recession after the Final Impression, Journal of Prosthodontics, vol.24, issue.8, pp.649-51, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01335.x
Gingival Retraction Techniques for Implants Versus Teeth, The Journal of the American Dental Association, vol.139, issue.10, pp.1354-63, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0047
Gingival displacement: Survey results of dentists' practice procedures, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol.114, issue.1, pp.81-86 ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.11.015
National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group. Impression Techniques Used for Single-Unit Crowns: Findings from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J Prosthodont, 2017. ,
Les techniques d'accès aux limites cervicales en prothèse fixée : habitudes des praticiens en Midi-Pyrénées Thèse d'exercice en chirurgie dentaire, 2014. ,
Les techniques d'accès aux limites cervicales en prothèse fixée: indications et incidences sur la santé parodontale. Thèse pour le diplôme d'Etat de Docteur en chirurgie dentaire, 2013. ,