F. Denis, M. Ploy, C. Martin, E. Bingen, and E. R. Quentin, Bactériologie médicale, Techniques usuelles, 2ème édition, 2011.

R. Bonnet, Chapitre 16 -?-lactamines et entérobactéries, Antibiogramme, 3ème édition., Paris: Editions Eska, pp.165-188, 2012.

L. B. Paterson, J. Rice, M. J. Stelling, A. Struelens, J. T. Vatopoulos et al., « Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrugresistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Off. Publ. Eur. Soc. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis, vol.18, issue.3, pp.268-281, 2012.

M. M. D-'andrea, F. Arena, L. Pallecchi, and G. M. Rossolini, « CTX-M-type ?lactamases: A successful story of antibiotic resistance, Int. J. Med. Microbiol, vol.303, pp.6-7, 2013.

D. L. Paterson, Recommendation for treatment of severe infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum ??-lactamases (ESBLs), Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol.6, issue.9, pp.460-463, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00107.x

M. Mclaughlin, M. R. Advincula, M. Malczynski, C. Qi, M. Bolon et al., Correlations of Antibiotic Use and Carbapenem Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, Correlations of Antibiotic Use and Carbapenem Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, pp.5131-5133
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00607-13

P. Viale, M. Giannella, M. Bartoletti, S. Tedeschi, and E. R. Lewis, Considerations About Antimicrobial Stewardship in Settings with Epidemic Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamase-Producing or Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Infectious Diseases and Therapy, vol.17, issue.12, pp.65-83, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03514.x

P. Nordmann, L. Dortet, and E. L. Poirel, Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: here is the storm!, Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol.18, issue.5, pp.263-272, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.03.003

D. L. Paterson, Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.119, issue.6, pp.20-28, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.03.013

O. Tenaillon, D. Skurnik, B. Picard, and E. E. Denamur, The population genetics of commensal Escherichia coli, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.75, issue.3, pp.207-217, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tig.2007.12.007

T. Berthe, M. Ratajczak, O. Clermont, E. Denamur, and E. F. Petit, Evidence for Coexistence of Distinct Escherichia coli Populations in Various Aquatic Environments and Their Survival in Estuary Water, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.79, issue.15, pp.15-4684, 2013.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.00698-13

O. Clermont, J. K. Christenson, E. Denamur, and D. M. Gordon, phylo-typing method revisited: improvement of specificity and detection of new phylo-groups, Environmental Microbiology Reports, vol.1, issue.1, pp.58-65
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.01262-09

T. A. Russo and J. R. Johnson, Medical and economic impact of extraintestinal infections due to Escherichia coli: focus on an increasingly important endemic problem, Microbes and Infection, vol.5, issue.5, pp.449-456, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00049-2

. Réseau-d-'alerte, Investigation et de Surveillance des Infections Nosocomiales, « Enquête nationale de prévalence des infections nosocomiales et des traitements anti-infectieux en établissements de santé français, p.2012

J. Jagnow and S. Clegg, Klebsiella pneumoniae MrkD-mediated biofilm formation on extracellular matrix- and collagen-coated surfaces, Microbiology, vol.149, issue.9, pp.2397-2405, 2003.
DOI : 10.1099/mic.0.26434-0

H. Guet-revillet, A. Le-monnier, N. Breton, P. Descamps, H. Lecuyer et al., Environmental contamination with extended-spectrum ??-lactamases: Is there any difference between Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp?, American Journal of Infection Control, vol.40, issue.9, pp.845-848, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.10.007

J. A. Roberts, S. K. Paul, M. Akova, M. Bassetti, J. J. De-waele et al., DALI: Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Are Current ??-Lactam Antibiotic Doses Sufficient for Critically Ill Patients?, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.58, issue.8, pp.1072-1083
DOI : 10.1093/cid/ciu027

M. Gniadkowski, Evolution of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases by mutation, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Off. Publ. Eur. Soc. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis, vol.14, 2008.

H. Knothe, P. Shah, V. Krcmery, M. Antal, and E. S. Mitsuhashi, Ubertragbare Resistenz gegen??ber Cefotaxim, Cefoxitin, Cefamandol und Cefuroxim in klinischen Isolaten von Klebsiella pneumoniae und Serratia marcescens, Infection, vol.147, issue.6, pp.315-317, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01641355

H. S. Sader, R. K. Flamm, J. M. Streit, D. J. Farrell, and R. N. Jones, Ceftaroline Activity against Bacterial Pathogens Frequently Isolated in U.S. Medical Centers: Results from Five Years of the AWARE Surveillance Program, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.59, issue.4, pp.2458-2461, 2015.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.04614-14

R. P. Ambler, A. F. Coulson, J. M. Frère, J. M. Ghuysen, B. Joris et al., -lactamases, A standard numbering scheme for the class A beta-lactamases », pp.269-270, 1991.
DOI : 10.1042/bj2760269

K. Bush and G. A. Jacoby, Updated Functional Classification of ??-Lactamases, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.54, issue.3, pp.969-976, 2010.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01009-09

K. Bush, G. A. Jacoby, and E. A. Medeiros, A functional classification scheme for beta-lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.39, issue.6, pp.1211-1233, 1995.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.39.6.1211

L. Poirel, T. Naas, and E. P. Nordmann, Diversity, Epidemiology, and Genetics of Class D ??-Lactamases, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.54, issue.1, pp.24-38, 2010.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01512-08

D. L. Paterson and R. A. Bonomo, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases, Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.24, issue.1, pp.657-686, 2005.
DOI : 10.1055/s-2003-37919

R. Bonnet, Growing Group of Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamases: the CTX-M Enzymes, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.48, issue.1, pp.1-14, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004

N. Datta and P. Kontomichalou, Penicillinase Synthesis Controlled By Infectious R Factors In Enterobacteriaceae, Nature, vol.87, issue.5007, pp.239-241, 1965.
DOI : 10.1099/00221287-33-1-121

A. A. Medeiros, ??-LACTAMASES, Beta-lactamases », pp.18-27, 1984.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071942

P. A. Bradford, Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamases in the 21st Century: Characterization, Epidemiology, and Detection of This Important Resistance Threat, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.14, issue.4, pp.933-951, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001

D. M. Livermore, « beta-Lactamases in laboratory and clinical resistance, Clin. Microbiol. Rev, vol.8, issue.4, pp.557-584, 1995.

L. S. Tzouvelekis and R. A. Bonomo, « SHV-type beta-lactamases », Curr. Pharm. Des, vol.5, issue.11, pp.847-864, 1999.

T. Naas and P. Nordmann, OXA-type beta-lactamases », Curr. Pharm. Des, vol.5, issue.11, pp.865-879, 1999.

M. A. Toleman, K. Rolston, R. N. Jones, and T. R. Walsh, Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of OXA-45, an Extended-Spectrum Class 2d' ??-Lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.47, issue.9, pp.2859-2863, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.47.9.2859-2863.2003

W. Zhao and Z. Hu, Epidemiology and genetics of CTX-M extended-spectrum ??-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, vol.52, issue.1, pp.79-101
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01440-07

P. Woerther, C. Burdet, and E. Chachaty, Trends in Human Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamases in the Community: Toward the Globalization of CTX-M, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.26, issue.4, pp.744-758
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.00023-13

Y. Matsumoto, F. Ikeda, T. Kamimura, and Y. Yokota, Novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli that inactivates oxyimino-cephalosporins., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.32, issue.8, pp.1243-1246, 1988.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.32.8.1243

A. Bauernfeind, H. Grimm, and E. S. Schweighart, Eine neue plasmidische Cefotaximase in einem Escherichia coli Stamm. Escherichia coli, Infection, vol.17, issue.5, pp.294-298, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01647010

A. Bauernfeind, J. M. Casellas, M. Goldberg, M. Holley, R. Jungwirth et al., Neue plasmidische Cefotaximase von Patienten mit Salmonella typhimurium-Infektion, Infection, vol.32, issue.3, pp.158-163, 1992.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.32.8.1243

H. Bernard, C. Tancrede, V. Livrelli, A. Morand, M. Barthelemy et al., A novel plasmid-medlated extended-spectrum ??-lactamase not derived from TEM- or SHV-type enzymes, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.29, issue.5, pp.590-592, 1992.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/29.5.590

Y. Ishii, A. Ohno, H. Taguchi, S. Imajo, M. Ishiguro et al., Cloning and sequence of the gene encoding a cefotaxime-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase isolated from Escherichia coli, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.39, issue.10, pp.2269-2275, 1995.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.39.10.2269

A. Bauernfeind, I. Stemplinger, R. Jungwirth, S. Ernst, and J. M. Casellas, « Sequences of beta-lactamase genes encoding CTX-M-1 (MEN-1) and CTX- M-2 and relationship of their amino acid sequences with those of other betalactamases, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.40, issue.2, pp.509-513, 1996.

M. Gniadkowski, I. Schneider, A. Pa?ucha, R. Jungwirth, B. Mikiewicz et al., « Cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a hospital in Warsaw, Poland: identification of a new CTX-M-3 cefotaximehydrolyzing beta-lactamase that is closely related to the CTX-M-1/MEN-1 enzyme, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.42, issue.4, pp.827-832, 1998.

J. C. Sarria, A. M. Vidal, and R. C. Kimbrough, Species in Humans, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.33, issue.7, pp.69-74, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/322686

M. Morosini, A. Valverde, M. García-castillo, P. Nordmann, and E. R. Cantón, Persistent isolation of Salmonella Concord harbouring CTX-M-15, SHV-12 and QnrA1 in an asymptomatic adopted Ethiopian child in Spain also colonized with CTX-M-14- and QnrB-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.65, issue.7, pp.1545-1546, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkq168

A. Carattoli, Resistance Plasmid Families in Enterobacteriaceae, Resistance plasmid families in Enterobacteriaceae, pp.2227-2238, 2009.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01707-08

A. Carattoli, Plasmids in Gram negatives: Molecular typing of resistance plasmids, International Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.301, issue.8, pp.654-658, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijmm.2011.09.003

T. M. Coque, A. Novais, A. Carattoli, L. Poirel, J. Pitout et al., Strains Expressing Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamase CTX-M-15, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.14, issue.2, pp.195-200, 2008.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1402.070350

M. A. Toleman, P. M. Bennett, and T. R. Walsh, ISCR Elements: Novel Gene-Capturing Systems of the 21st Century?, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.70, issue.2, pp.296-316, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/MMBR.00048-05

M. Lartigue, L. Poirel, D. Aubert, and P. Nordmann, In Vitro Analysis of ISEcp1B-Mediated Mobilization of Naturally Occurring ??-Lactamase Gene blaCTX-M of Kluyvera ascorbata, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.50, issue.4, pp.1282-1286, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.50.4.1282-1286.2006

K. L. Hopkins, A. Deheer-graham, E. J. Threlfall, M. J. Batchelor, and E. E. Liebana, Novel plasmid-mediated CTX-M-8 subgroup extended-spectrum ??-lactamase (CTX-M-40) isolated in the UK, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.27, issue.6, pp.572-575, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.03.003

L. Ma, L. K. Siu, and P. Lu, Effect of spacer sequences between blaCTX-M and ISEcp1 on blaCTX-M expression, Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.60, issue.12, pp.1787-1792
DOI : 10.1099/jmm.0.033910-0

L. Poirel, R. A. Bonnin, and E. P. Nordmann, Genetic support and diversity of acquired extended-spectrum ??-lactamases in Gram-negative rods, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, vol.12, issue.5, pp.883-893, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.02.008

S. R. Partridge, J. A. Ellem, S. G. Tetu, Z. Zong, I. T. Paulsen et al., Iredell, « Complete sequence of pJIE143, a pir-type plasmid carrying ISEcp1-blaCTX- M-15 from an Escherichia coli ST131 isolate, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.55, pp.12-5933, 2011.

R. Nakano, A. Nakano, M. Abe, M. Inoue, and E. R. Okamoto, Regional outbreak of CTX-M-2 ??-lactamase-producing Proteus mirabilis in Japan, Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.61, issue.Pt_12, pp.1727-1735
DOI : 10.1099/jmm.0.049726-0

A. Baraniak, J. Fiett, A. Sulikowska, W. Hryniewicz, and E. M. Gniadkowski, Countrywide Spread of CTX-M-3 Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamase-Producing Microorganisms of the Family Enterobacteriaceae in Poland, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.46, issue.1, pp.151-159, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.46.1.151-159.2002

L. He, S. R. Partridge, X. Yang, J. Hou, Y. Deng et al., Complete nucleotide sequence of pHN7A8, an F33:A-:B-type epidemic plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-65, fosA3 and rmtB from China, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.68, issue.1, pp.46-50, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dks369

A. Valverde, R. Cantón, M. P. Garcillán-barcia, A. Novais, J. C. Galán et al., Spread of bla(CTX-M- 14) is driven mainly by IncK plasmids disseminated among Escherichia coli phylogroups A, B1, and D in Spain, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.53, pp.12-5204, 2009.

M. O. Stokes, J. L. Cottell, L. J. Piddock, G. Wu, M. Wootton et al., Detection and characterization of pCT-like plasmid vectors for blaCTX-M-14 in Escherichia coli isolates from humans, turkeys and cattle in England and Wales, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.67, issue.7, pp.1639-1644
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dks126

N. Woodford, J. F. Turton, and D. M. Livermore, Multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria: the role of high-risk clones in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol.35, issue.5, pp.736-755, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00268.x

B. A. Rogers, H. E. Sidjabat, and D. L. Paterson, Escherichia coli O25b-ST131: a pandemic, multiresistant, community-associated strain, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.66, issue.1, pp.1-14
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkq415

U. Naseer and A. Sundsfjord, Clones, Microbial Drug Resistance, vol.17, issue.1, pp.83-97, 2011.
DOI : 10.1089/mdr.2010.0132

J. Oteo, K. Diestra, C. Juan, V. Bautista, A. Novais et al., « Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Spain belong to a large variety of multilocus sequence typing types, including ST10 complex/A, ST23 complex/A and ST131, et Spanish Network in Infectious Pathology Project (REIPI) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, vol.34, issue.2, pp.173-176, 2009.

I. N. Okeke, F. Wallace-gadsden, H. R. Simons, N. Matthews, A. S. Labar et al., Multi-Locus Sequence Typing of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolates from Nigerian Children Uncovers Multiple Lineages, Multi-locus sequence typing of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates from Nigerian children uncovers multiple lineages, p.14093, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0014093.s006

N. Fam, V. Leflon-guibout, S. Fouad, L. Aboul-fadl, E. Marcon et al., Clinical Isolates in Cairo (Egypt), Including Isolates of Clonal Complex ST10 and Clones ST131, ST73, and ST405 in Both Community and Hospital Settings, CTX-M-15- producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates in Cairo (Egypt), including isolates of clonal complex ST10 and clones ST131, ST73, and ST405 in both community and hospital settings, pp.67-73, 2011.
DOI : 10.1089/mdr.2010.0063

A. Bartoloni, L. Pallecchi, E. Riccobono, A. Mantella, D. Magnelli et al., Relentless increase of resistance to fluoroquinolones and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Escherichia coli: 20 years of surveillance in resource-limited settings from Latin America, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol.19, issue.4, pp.356-361, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03807.x

R. Izdebski, A. Baraniak, J. Fiett, A. Adler, M. Kazma et al., Clonal Structure, Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamases, and Acquired AmpC-Type Cephalosporinases of Escherichia coli Populations Colonizing Patients in Rehabilitation Centers in Four Countries, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.57, issue.1, pp.309-316
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01656-12

I. Damjanova, A. Tóth, J. Pászti, G. Hajbel-vékony, M. Jakab et al., Expansion and countrywide dissemination of ST11, ST15 and ST147 ciprofloxacin-resistant CTX-M-15-type ??-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic clones in Hungary in 2005--the new 'MRSAs'?, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.62, issue.5, pp.978-985, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkn287

J. Oteo, O. Cuevas, I. López-rodríguez, A. Banderas-florido, A. Vindel et al., Emergence of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae of multilocus sequence types 1, 11, 14, 17, 20, 35 and 36 as pathogens and colonizers in newborns and adults, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.64, issue.3, pp.35-524, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkp211

M. Y. Lee, K. S. Ko, C. Kang, D. R. Chung, K. R. Peck et al., High prevalence of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Asian countries: diverse clones and clonal dissemination, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.38, issue.2, pp.160-163, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.03.020

G. Celenza, C. Pellegrini, M. Caccamo, B. Segatore, G. Amicosante et al., Spread of blaCTX-M-type and blaPER-2 ??-lactamase genes in clinical isolates from Bolivian hospitals, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.57, issue.5, pp.975-978, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkl055

M. Polotto, T. Casella, M. G. De-lucca-oliveira, F. G. Rúbio, M. L. Nogueira et al., Detection of P. aeruginosa harboring bla CTX-M-2, bla GES-1 and bla GES-5, bla IMP-1 and bla SPM-1causing infections in Brazilian tertiary-care hospital, BMC Infectious Diseases, vol.31, issue.6, p.176, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.01.020

N. Nagano, Y. Nagano, C. Cordevant, and N. Shibata, Nosocomial Transmission of CTX-M-2 ??-Lactamase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii in a Neurosurgery Ward, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.42, issue.9, pp.3978-3984, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.42.9.3978-3984.2004

A. Potron, L. S. Munoz-price, P. Nordmann, T. Cleary, and E. L. Poirel, Genetic Features of CTX-M-15-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii from Haiti, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.55, issue.12, pp.12-5946, 2011.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.05124-11

A. Petroni, A. Corso, R. Melano, M. L. Cacace, A. M. Bru et al., Plasmidic Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamases in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Isolates in Argentina, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.46, issue.5, pp.1462-1468, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1462-1468.2002

J. L. Gómez-garcés, D. Saéz, M. Almagro, S. Fernández-romero, F. Merino et al., Osteomyelitis associated to CTX-M-15-producing Aeromonas hydrophila: First description in the literature, Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, vol.70, issue.3, pp.420-422, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.03.004

N. Naiemi, B. Duim, and E. A. Bart, A CTX-M extended-spectrum ??-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.55, issue.11, pp.1607-1608, 2006.
DOI : 10.1099/jmm.0.46704-0

C. C. Sanders, « In vitro activity of fourth generation cephalosporins against enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, J. Chemother. Florence Italy, vol.8, issue.2, pp.57-62, 1996.

A. Raimondi, F. Sisto, and E. H. Nikaido, Mutation in Serratia marcescens AmpC ??-Lactamase Producing High-Level Resistance to Ceftazidime and Cefpirome, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.45, issue.8, pp.2331-2339, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.45.8.2331-2339.2001

A. Bauernfeind, Y. Chong, and E. S. Schweighart, ??-Laktamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae mit erweitertem Breitspektrum einschlie??lich Resistenz gegen Cephamycine, Infection, vol.37, issue.5, pp.316-321, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01650718

L. Martínez-martínez, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and the permeability barrier, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Off. Publ. Eur. Soc. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis, vol.14, 2008.

Y. J. Yang, P. J. Wu, and D. M. Livermore, Biochemical characterization of a beta-lactamase that hydrolyzes penems and carbapenems from two Serratia marcescens isolates., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.34, issue.5, pp.755-758, 1990.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.34.5.755

B. A. Rasmussen, K. Bush, D. Keeney, Y. Yang, R. Hare et al., « Characterization of IMI-1 beta-lactamase, a class A carbapenemhydrolyzing enzyme from Enterobacter cloacae, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.40, issue.9, pp.2080-2086, 1996.

S. Bratu, D. Landman, R. Haag, R. Recco, A. Eramo et al., Rapid Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in New York City, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.165, issue.12, pp.12-1430, 2005.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.165.12.1430

T. Naas, P. Nordmann, and G. Vedel, Plasmid-Mediated Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing ??-Lactamase KPC in a Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate from France, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.49, issue.10, pp.4423-4424, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.49.10.4423-4424.2005

G. Cuzon, T. Naas, M. Demachy, and E. P. Nordmann, Nosocomial outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae harbouring blaKPC-3 in France subsequent to a patient transfer from Italy, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.39, issue.5, pp.448-449, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.01.008

G. Cuzon, T. Naas, H. Truong, M. V. Villegas, K. T. Wisell et al., Gene1, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.16, issue.9, pp.1349-1356, 2010.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1609.091389

G. Cuzon, T. Naas, and E. P. Nordmann, Functional Characterization of Tn4401, a Tn3-Based Transposon Involved in blaKPC Gene Mobilization, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.55, issue.11, pp.5370-5373
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.05202-11

W. Zhao and Z. Hu, IMP-type metallo-??-lactamases in Gram-negative bacilli: distribution, phylogeny, and association with integrons, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, vol.36, issue.4, pp.214-226, 2011.
DOI : 10.3109/1040841X.2010.481763

H. Ito, Y. Arakawa, S. Ohsuka, R. Wacharotayankun, and N. Kato, Plasmid-mediated dissemination of the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaIMP among clinically isolated strains of Serratia marcescens, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.39, issue.4, pp.824-829, 1995.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.39.4.824

L. Lauretti, M. L. Riccio, A. Mazzariol, G. Cornaglia, G. Amicosante et al., Cloning and characterization of blaVIM, a new integron-borne metallo-beta-lactamase gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.43, issue.7, pp.1584-1590, 1999.

L. Poirel, T. Naas, D. Nicolas, L. Collet, S. Bellais et al., Characterization of VIM-2, a Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Metallo-beta -Lactamase and Its Plasmid- and Integron-Borne Gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolate in France, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.44, issue.4, pp.891-897, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.44.4.891-897.2000

W. Zhao and Z. Hu, Epidemiology and genetics of VIM-type metallo-??-lactamases in Gram-negative bacilli, Future Microbiology, vol.54, issue.3, pp.317-333, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkq190

D. Yong, M. A. Toleman, C. G. Giske, H. S. Cho, K. Sundman et al., « Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, vol.53, pp.12-5046, 2009.

P. Nordmann, Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: Overview of a major public health challenge, M??decine et Maladies Infectieuses, vol.44, issue.2, pp.51-56, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.medmal.2013.11.007

L. Poirel, C. Hombrouck-alet, C. Freneaux, S. Bernabeu, and E. P. Nordmann, Global spread of New Delhi metallo-??-lactamase 1, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.10, issue.12, pp.12-832, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70279-6

E. N. Livermore and . Woodford, Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study, Lancet Infect. Dis, vol.10, issue.9, pp.597-602, 2010.

B. Berçot, L. Poirel, L. Dortet, and E. P. Nordmann, In vitro evaluation of antibiotic synergy for NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.66, issue.10, pp.2295-2297
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkr296

L. Poirel, C. Héritier, and V. Tolün, Emergence of Oxacillinase-Mediated Resistance to Imipenem in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.48, issue.1, pp.15-22, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.48.1.15-22.2004

A. Carrër, L. Poirel, H. Eraksoy, A. A. Cagatay, and S. Badur, Spread of OXA-48-Positive Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Istanbul, Turkey, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.52, issue.8, pp.2950-2954, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01672-07

A. Potron, J. Kalpoe, and L. Poirel, Nordmann, « European dissemination of a single OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clone, Clin. Microbiol. Infect

J. Pagès and C. E. James, Winterhalter, « The porin and the permeating antibiotic: a selective diffusion barrier in Gram-negative bacteria, Nat. Rev. Microbiol, vol.6, pp.12-893, 2008.

L. S. Tzouvelekis, E. Tzelepi, M. E. Kaufmann, and A. F. , Consecutive mutations leading to the emergence in vivo of imipenem resistance in a clinical strain of Enterobacter aerogenes, Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.40, issue.6, pp.403-407, 1994.
DOI : 10.1099/00222615-40-6-403

M. Doumith, M. J. Ellington, D. M. Livermore, and E. N. Woodford, Molecular mechanisms disrupting porin expression in ertapenem-resistant Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp. clinical isolates from the UK, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.63, issue.4, pp.659-667, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkp029

J. H. Chia, L. K. Siu, L. H. Su, H. S. Lin, A. J. Kuo et al., « Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli in Taiwan: resistance due to combined CMY-2 production and porin deficiency, J. Chemother

L. Armand-lefèvre, V. Leflon-guibout, J. Bredin, F. Barguellil, A. Amor et al., Imipenem Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Wien Related to Porin Loss and CMY-4 ??-Lactamase Production, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.47, issue.3, pp.1165-1168, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.47.3.1165-1168.2003

A. García-fernández, V. Miriagou, C. C. Papagiannitsis, A. Giordano, M. Venditti et al., An Ertapenem-Resistant Extended-Spectrum-??-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Clone Carries a Novel OmpK36 Porin Variant, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.54, issue.10, pp.4178-4184, 2010.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01301-09

L. B. Paterson, J. Rice, M. J. Stelling, A. Struelens, J. T. Vatopoulos et al., « Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrugresistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Off. Publ. Eur. Soc. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis, vol.18, issue.3, pp.268-281, 2012.

J. Rodríguez-baño, L. López-cerero, M. D. Navarro, and P. Díaz-de-alba, Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.62, issue.5, pp.1142-1149, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkn293

A. Valverde, M. Turrientes, F. Norman, E. San-martín, L. Moreno et al., Cantón, « CTX-M-15-non-ST131 Escherichia coli isolates are mainly responsible of faecal carriage with ESBLproducing Enterobacteriaceae in travellers, immigrants and those visiting friends and relatives, Clin. Microbiol. Infect, vol.21, issue.3, pp.252-253, 2015.

M. Nicolas-chanoine, X. Bertrand, and J. Madec, Escherichia coli ST131, an Intriguing Clonal Group, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.27, issue.3, pp.543-574
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.00125-13

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01061609

A. Carattoli, Animal reservoirs for extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Off. Publ. Eur. Soc. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis, vol.14, 2008.

C. Ewers, A. Bethe, T. Semmler, S. Guenther, and L. H. Wieler, « Extendedspectrum ?-lactamase-producing and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from livestock and companion animals, and their putative impact on public health: a global perspective, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Off. Publ. Eur. Soc. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis, vol.18, issue.7, pp.646-655, 2012.

L. Drieux, F. Brossier, O. Duquesnoy, A. Aubry, J. Robert et al., Increase in hospital-acquired bloodstream infections caused by extended spectrum ??-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a large French teaching hospital, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol.10, issue.9, pp.491-498, 2009.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1009.030969

A. Valverde, T. M. Coque, M. P. Sánchez-moreno, A. Rollán, F. Baquero et al., Dramatic Increase in Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae during Nonoutbreak Situations in Spain, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.42, issue.10, pp.4769-4775, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4769-4775.2004

M. Nicolas-chanoine, C. Gruson, S. Bialek-davenet, X. Bertrand, F. Thomas-jean et al., 10-Fold increase (2006-11) in the rate of healthy subjects with extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli faecal carriage in a Parisian check-up centre, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.68, issue.3, pp.562-568, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dks429

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00802788

K. Razazi, L. P. Derde, M. Verachten, P. Legrand, and P. Lesprit, Clinical impact and risk factors for colonization with extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing bacteria in the intensive care unit, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.171, issue.Suppl 1, pp.1769-1778, 2012.
DOI : 10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST

M. Alves, A. Lemire, D. Decré, D. Margetis, N. Bigé et al., Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase?????????producing enterobacteriaceae in the intensive care unit: acquisition does not mean cross-transmission, BMC Infectious Diseases, vol.40, issue.4, p.147, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-014-3225-8

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01304295

Y. J. Ko, H. Moon, M. Hur, C. Park, S. E. Cho et al., Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Korean community and hospital settings, Infection, vol.42, issue.1, pp.9-13
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1089-1094.2004

S. Karanika, T. Karantanos, M. Arvanitis, and C. Grigoras, and Risk Factors Among Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.63, issue.3, pp.310-318, 2016.
DOI : 10.1093/cid/ciw283

Z. Daoud, C. Moubareck, and N. Hakime, Extended spectrum ??-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in Lebanese ICU patients: Epidemiology and patterns of resistance, The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, vol.52, issue.3, pp.169-178, 2006.
DOI : 10.2323/jgam.52.169

M. Ortega, F. Marco, A. Soriano, M. Almela, J. A. Martínez et al., Analysis of 4758 Escherichia coli bacteraemia episodes: predictive factors for isolation of an antibiotic-resistant strain and their impact on the outcome, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.63, issue.3, pp.568-574, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkn514

J. Rodríguez-baño, E. Picón, P. Gijón, J. R. Hernández, M. Ruíz et al., Risk Factors and Prognosis, et Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), pp.40-48, 2010.
DOI : 10.1086/649537

P. Nasa, D. Juneja, O. Singh, R. Dang, and E. A. Singh, An observational study on bloodstream extended-spectrum beta-lactamase infection in critical care unit: Incidence, risk factors and its impact on outcome, European Journal of Internal Medicine, vol.23, issue.2, pp.192-195, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.06.016

F. Bert, B. Larroque, C. Paugam-burtz, F. Dondero, F. Durand et al., and Infection after Liver Transplant, France, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.18, issue.6, pp.908-916, 2012.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1806.110139

. Vilar-compte, « Fecal ESBL Escherichia coli carriage as a risk factor for bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancies », Support. Care Cancer Off, J. Multinatl. Assoc. Support. Care Cancer, vol.24, issue.1, pp.253-259

M. Arnan, C. Gudiol, L. Calatayud, J. Liñares, M. Á. Dominguez et al., Risk factors for, and clinical relevance of, faecal extended-spectrum ??-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) carriage in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol.18, issue.3
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005

R. Bruyère, C. Vigneron, J. Bador, S. Aho, A. Toitot et al., Significance of Prior Digestive Colonization With Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamase???Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Patients With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Critical Care Medicine, vol.44, issue.4, pp.699-706, 2016.
DOI : 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001471

J. Carlet, The gut is the epicentre of antibiotic resistance, Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, vol.1, issue.1, pp.39-2012
DOI : 10.1093/cid/cir025

S. Tschudin-sutter, R. Frei, M. Dangel, A. Stranden, and A. F. Widmer, Rate of Transmission of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Without Contact Isolation, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.55, issue.11, pp.1505-1511
DOI : 10.1093/cid/cis770

A. D. Harris, M. Kotetishvili, S. Shurland, J. A. Johnson, J. G. Morris et al., How important is patient-to-patient transmission in extended-spectrum ??-lactamase Escherichia coli acquisition, American Journal of Infection Control, vol.35, issue.2, pp.97-101, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.09.011

A. D. Harris, E. N. Perencevich, J. K. Johnson, D. L. Paterson, J. G. Morris et al., Patient-to-Patient Transmission Is Important in Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Acquisition, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.45, issue.10, pp.1347-1350, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/522657

E. Prospero, P. Barbadoro, E. Esposto, E. Manso, E. Martini et al., Extended-spectrum betalactamases Klebsiella pneumoniae: multimodal infection control program in intensive care units, J. Prev. Med. Hyg, vol.51, issue.3, pp.110-115, 2010.

D. Pittet, S. Hugonnet, S. Harbarth, P. Mourouga, V. Sauvan et al., Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene, The Lancet, vol.356, issue.9238, pp.9238-1307, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02814-2

C. Abad, A. Fearday, and E. N. Safdar, Adverse effects of isolation in hospitalised patients: a systematic review, Journal of Hospital Infection, vol.76, issue.2, pp.97-102, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhin.2010.04.027

R. Ferrer, I. Martin-loeches, G. Phillips, T. M. Osborn, S. Townsend et al., Empiric Antibiotic Treatment Reduces Mortality in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock From the First Hour, Critical Care Medicine, vol.42, issue.8, pp.1749-1755, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000330

F. Barbier, C. Pommier, W. Essaied, M. Garrouste-orgeas, C. Schwebel et al., Colonization and infection with extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in ICU patients: what impact on outcomes and carbapenem exposure?, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.71, issue.4, pp.1088-1097
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkv423

B. Huttner, T. Haustein, I. Uçkay, G. Renzi, A. Stewardson et al., « Decolonization of intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum ?-lactamaseproducing Enterobacteriaceae with oral colistin and neomycin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, J. Antimicrob. Chemother, vol.68, issue.10, pp.2375-2382

S. Rieg, M. F. Küpper, K. De-with, A. Serr, J. A. Bohnert et al., Intestinal decolonization of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum ??-lactamases (ESBL): a retrospective observational study in patients at risk for infection and a brief review of the literature, BMC Infectious Diseases, vol.53, issue.1, p.475, 2015.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.00378-15

N. Bagdasarian, K. Rao, and P. N. Malani, in Adults, JAMA, vol.313, issue.4, pp.398-408, 2015.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2014.17103

R. Singh, E. Van-nood, M. Nieuwdorp, B. Van-dam, I. J. Ten-berge et al., Donor feces infusion for eradication of Extended Spectrum beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli in a patient with end stage renal disease, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol.20, issue.11, pp.977-978, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/1469-0691.12683

N. F. Crum-cianflone and E. Sullivan, Ballon-Landa, « Fecal microbiota transplantation and successful resolution of multidrug-resistant-organism colonization, J. Clin. Microbiol, vol.53, issue.6, 2015.

E. Meyer, M. Lapatschek, A. Bechtold, G. Schwarzkopf, P. Gastmeier et al., Impact of restriction of third generation cephalosporins on the burden of third generation cephalosporin resistant K. pneumoniae and E. coli in an ICU, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.42, issue.5, pp.862-870, 2009.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1308.070071

A. Boyer, V. Couallier, B. Clouzeau, A. Lasheras, F. M-'zali et al., Gruson, « Control of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae nosocomial acquisition in an intensive care unit: A time series regression analysis », Am, J. Infect. Control, vol.43, pp.12-1296

L. Calatayud, M. Arnan, J. Liñares, M. A. Dominguez, C. Gudiol et al., Prospective Study of Fecal Colonization by Extended-Spectrum-??-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Neutropenic Patients with Cancer, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.52, issue.11, pp.4187-4190, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00367-08

D. Fournier, C. Chirouze, J. Leroy, P. Cholley, D. Talon et al., Alternatives to carbapenems in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli infections, Alternatives to carbapenems in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli infections, pp.62-66
DOI : 10.1016/j.medmal.2013.01.006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00802661

T. Asakura, M. Ikeda, A. Nakamura, and E. S. Kodera, « Efficacy of empirical therapy with non-carbapenems for urinary tract infections with extendedspectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Int. J. Infect. Dis. IJID Off. Publ. Int. Soc. Infect. Dis, vol.29, pp.91-95, 2014.

P. G. Ambrose, S. M. Bhavnani, and R. N. Jones, Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of Cefepime and Piperacillin- Tazobactam against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Producing Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamases: Report from the ARREST Program, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.47, issue.5, pp.1643-1646, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.47.5.1643-1646.2003

L. López-cerero, E. Picón, C. Morillo, J. R. Hernández, F. Docobo et al., Pascual, « Comparative assessment of inoculum effects on the antimicrobial activity of amoxycillin-clavulanate and piperacillintazobactam with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and extendedspectrum beta-lactamase-non-producing Escherichia coli isolates

J. Rodríguez-baño, M. D. Navarro, P. Retamar, E. Picón, Á. Pascual et al., ??-Lactam/??-Lactam Inhibitor Combinations for the Treatment of Bacteremia Due to Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli: A Post Hoc Analysis of Prospective Cohorts, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.54, issue.2, pp.167-174, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/cid/cir790

K. Z. Vardakas, G. S. Tansarli, P. I. Rafailidis, and M. E. Falagas, Carbapenems versus alternative antibiotics for the treatment of bacteraemia due to Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum ??-lactamases: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.67, issue.12, pp.12-2793
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dks301

P. N. Harris, P. A. Tambyah, and D. L. Paterson, ??-lactam and ??-lactamase inhibitor combinations in the treatment of extended-spectrum ??-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae: time for a reappraisal in the era of few antibiotic options?, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.15, issue.4, pp.475-485, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70950-8

P. D. Tamma, J. H. Han, C. Rock, A. D. Harris, E. Lautenbach et al., et for the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group, « Carbapenem Therapy Is Associated With Improved Survival Compared With Piperacillin-Tazobactam for Patients With Extended-Spectrum -Lactamase Bacteremia, Clin. Infect. Dis, 2015.

P. Retamar, L. López-cerero, M. A. Muniain, Á. Pascual, J. Rodríguez-baño et al., Impact of the MIC of Piperacillin-Tazobactam on the Outcome of Patients with Bacteremia Due to Extended-Spectrum-??-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.57, issue.7, pp.3402-3404, 2013.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00135-13

K. Y. Lew, T. M. Ng, M. Tan, S. H. Tan, E. L. Lew et al., Teng, « Safety and clinical outcomes of carbapenem de-escalation as part of an antimicrobial stewardship programme in an ESBL-endemic setting, J. Antimicrob. Chemother, vol.70, issue.4, pp.1219-1225

L. Armand-lefèvre, C. Angebault, F. Barbier, E. Hamelet, G. Defrance et al., Emergence of Imipenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in Intestinal Flora of Intensive Care Patients, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.57, issue.3, pp.1488-1495, 2013.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01823-12

K. A. Bauer, K. K. Perez, G. N. Forrest, and D. A. Goff, Review of Rapid Diagnostic Tests Used by Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.59, issue.suppl_3, pp.134-145
DOI : 10.1093/cid/ciu547

J. Solomkin, E. Hershberger, B. Miller, M. Popejoy, I. Friedland et al., Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Plus Metronidazole for Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections in an Era of Multidrug Resistance: Results From a Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Trial (ASPECT-cIAI), Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.60, issue.10, pp.1462-1471, 2015.
DOI : 10.1093/cid/civ097

R. M. Humphries, S. Yang, P. Hemarajata, K. W. Ward, J. A. Hindler et al., First Report of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistance in a KPC-3-Expressing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate: TABLE 1, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.59, issue.10, pp.6605-6607, 2015.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01165-15

A. A. Kader, A. Kumar, and K. A. Kamath, Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum ??-Lactamase???Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Patients and Asymptomatic Healthy Individuals, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, vol.37, issue.09, pp.1114-1116, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10096-003-1084-2

G. Christiaens, Y. Ciccarella, P. Damas, M. Hayette, P. Melin et al., Prospective survey of digestive tract colonization with enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum ??-lactamases in intensive care units, Journal of Hospital Infection, vol.62, issue.3, pp.386-388, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhin.2005.09.014

A. C. Thiébaut, G. Arlet, A. Andremont, E. Papy, J. Sollet et al., Variability of intestinal colonization with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and antibiotic use in intensive care units, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.67, issue.6, pp.1525-1536, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dks072

E. Machado, T. M. Coque, R. Cantón, F. Baquero, J. C. Sousa et al., Dissemination in Portugal of CTX-M-15-, OXA-1-, and TEM-1-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Strains Containing the aac(6')-Ib-cr Gene, Which Encodes an Aminoglycoside- and Fluoroquinolone-Modifying Enzyme, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.50, issue.9, pp.3220-3221, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00473-06

N. Lee, C. Lee, W. Huang, K. Tsui, P. Hsueh et al., Cefepime Therapy for Monomicrobial Bacteremia Caused by Cefepime-Susceptible Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase???Producing Enterobacteriaceae: MIC Matters, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.56, issue.4, pp.488-495
DOI : 10.1093/cid/cis916

T. Kelesidis, D. E. Karageorgopoulos, I. Kelesidis, and M. E. Falagas, Tigecycline for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a systematic review of the evidence from microbiological and clinical studies, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.62, issue.5, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkn311

M. E. Falagas and D. E. Karageorgopoulos, Clinical Significance of the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Tigecycline, Current Drug Metabolism, vol.10, issue.1, pp.13-21, 2009.
DOI : 10.2174/138920009787048356

M. Tärnberg, A. Ostholm-balkhed, H. Monstein, A. Hällgren, H. Hanberger et al., In vitro activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol.9, issue.9, pp.981-987, 2011.
DOI : 10.1517/14656566.9.9.1441

L. O. Conterno, J. Shymanski, K. Ramotar, B. Toye, R. Zvonar et al., Impact and cost of infection control measures to reduce nosocomial transmission of extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing organisms in a non-outbreak setting, Journal of Hospital Infection, vol.65, issue.4, pp.354-360, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhin.2006.12.014