La Sclérose en plaques : Maladie, espoirs et réalité Editeur : Fondation Charcot. http://www.fondation-charcot.org/sitesThe first case history of multiple sclerosis, pp.1794-1848, 2010. ,
pdf 4. F. Alfons Schelling. Carswell's classical 1838 Illustration of a peculiar diseased state of the spinal cord andpons http://www.ms-info.net/evo/msmanu/1022.htm 5. Fondation ArsepHistorique de la maladie". https://www.arsep.org/library/media/other/historique_de_la_sep.pdf 6. Patrick Hautecoeur Histoire de la sepA new mechanism of nervous system plasticity: activity-dependent myelination, Nature, vol.2, 2010. ,
Oligodendroglia: metabolic supporters of axons, Trends in Cell Biology, vol.23, issue.12, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.07.007
Role of myelin sheath energy metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases, Neural Regeneration Research, vol.10, issue.10, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.4103/1673-5374.167749
Characteristic Composition of Myelin, 1999. ,
Metabolism and functions of lipids in myelin, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, vol.1851, issue.8, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.016
Human myelin proteome and comparative analysis with mouse myelin, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.5, issue.6, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1074/mcp.M500162-MCP200
URL : http://www.pnas.org/content/106/34/14605.full.pdf
Encyclopédie Larousse -sclérose en plaques. http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/medical/sclérose_en_plaques/16025 14. HAS, Guide -Affection de longue durée -Sclérose en plaques, 2006. ,
Association of UV radiation with multiple sclerosis prevalence and sex ratio in France, Neurology, vol.76, issue.5, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31820a0a9f
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00567871
Multiple sclerosis: Geoepidemiology, genetics and the environment, Autoimmunity Reviews, vol.9, issue.5, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.010
Sclérose en plaques : Maladie, espoirs et réalité Editeur : Fondation Charcot, page 9. http://www.fondation-charcot.org/sites/default/files/books/livrefr-fondation-charcot.pdf 18. Centre de référence des maladies neuro inflammatoires de l'enfant, Protocole National de Diagnostic et de Soins (PNDS) Sclérose en Plaques de l'enfant, 2016. ,
Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis: Where Do We Stand? Contin Lifelong Learn Neurol, août 2013The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains, Sclérose en plaquespdf 22. Neuro-CEB, Don du cerveau post mortem pour la recherche scientifique, Les pathologies étudiées : la sclérose en plaques http, pp.2010-2011 ,
NEW CONCEPTS IN THE IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.3, issue.4, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nrn784
Distinct Patterns of Multiple Sclerosis Pathology Indicates Heterogeneity in Pathogenesis, Brain Pathology, vol.146, issue.3, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410350105
In vivo imaging of cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis using ultra-high field MRI, Neurology, vol.73, issue.12, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181b64bf7
Bientôt un traitement pour toutes les formes de la sclérose en plaques ? http://blog.servier.fr/bientot-un-traitement-pour-toutes-les-formes-de-la-sclerose-en-plaques/ 28. MSIF, "Formes évolutives de la SEPMS-in-focus-14-Disease-courses-French.pdf 29A genetic basis for familial aggregation in multiple sclerosis". Nature, 14 sept. 30. Novartis pharmaceuticals, rubrique Sclérose en plaquesGenetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis, MS in focus n°14, 1932. ,
La sclérose en plaques est une maladie auto-immune qui affecte le système nerveux central". 2014 http://www.inserm.fr/thematiques/neurosciences-sciences-cognitives-neurologie-psychiatrie/dossiers-d- information/sclerose-en-plaques-sep 33 ,
Génétique de la sclérose en plaques : Héritabilité manquante et charge génétique, 2004. ,
Association between human herpesvirus & human endogenous retrovirus and MS onset & progression, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.372 ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.060
Risk factors in the development of multiple sclerosis, Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, vol.83, issue.5, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00231-2
Anti-Epstein???Barr virus antibodies as serological markers of multiple sclerosis: a prospective study among United States military personnel, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, vol.136, issue.10, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70275-3
Migration and multiple sclerosis in immigrants from United Kingdom and Ireland to Australia: a reassessment. III: risk of multiple sclerosis in UKI immigrants and Australian-born in Hobart, Tasmania, Journal of Neurology, vol.61, issue.2, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.2010.215186
Vitamin D and multiple sclerosisExplaining multiple sclerosis prevalence by ultraviolet exposure: a geospatial analysis, Lancet Neurol, 2009. ,
Rare variants in the CYP27B1 gene are associated with multiple sclerosis, Annals of Neurology, vol.96, issue.6, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2010-1340
Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis: a metanalysis, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, vol.98, issue.5, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1093/qjmed/hci135
Smoking and multiple sclerosis: an updated meta-analysis". PloS One, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0016149
URL : http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016149
Parental smoking at home and the risk of childhood-onset multiple sclerosis in childrenLa sclérose en plaques, Brain J Neurol. oct, vol.45, p.148, 1997. ,
Stress as a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis Onset or Relapse: A Systematic Review, Neuroepidemiology, vol.36, issue.2, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1159/000323953
Vaccines and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review http://resolver.ebscohost.com.gate2.inist.fr/openurl?sid=Entrez%3aPubMed&id=pmid%3a27604618&site=ftf- live 48. OMS, "Vaccin contre l'hépatite B et sclérose en plaques", extrait du rapport de la réunion du GACVS, Journal of Neurology, p.49, 2002. ,
An Overview of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Safety Collège des Enseignants de NeurologieSclérose en plaques", 2016. https://www.cenneurologie .fr/deuxi%C3%A8me-cycle%20/sclerose-plaques 51. GILLAIN.N, "L'analyse du LCR dans le diagnostic de la Sclérose en plaques, M. La sclérose en plaques, 2002. ,
Bruxelles: De Boeck; 2012. 54Current and emerging therapies in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review, Ther Adv Neurol Disord, juill 2012. 55. Caulin C, Vidal SA. Vidal Recos recommandations en pratique, 2014. ,
The innovative development in interferon beta treatments of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Brain and Behavior, vol.12, issue.8, 2017. ,
DOI : 10.1517/13543784.12.4.689
Traitements de la sclérose en plaques par la natalizumab: bilan d'utilisation et evaluation de la qualité, Sclérose en plaques, 2011. ,
Evidence Report: The efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone (Novantrone) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, Neurology, vol.74, issue.18, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181dc1ae0
A randomized 61. HASAubagio 14mg comprimé pelliculé Commission de la transparencePlacebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Synthèse d'avis de la commission de la transparence : Lemtrada (alemtuzumab), janvier 2016. https://www.has-sante.fr/portail/upload/docs/applicationLes douleurs dans la sclérose en plaques". https://www.arsep.org/library/mediaThe future, N Engl J Med. N Engl J Med. ARSEP, Hautecoeur. P, vol.2, issue.20, 2006. ,
Rituximab in multiple sclerosis, Neurology, vol.87, issue.20, pp.15-2016 ,
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003331
Ocrelizumab versus Placebo in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis". The new england journal of medecineSphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators in Multiple Sclerosis". CNS Drugs. juill 2015The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor: A novel therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases, Clin Immunol, vol.69, 2017. ,
Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Laquinimod for Multiple Sclerosis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.366, issue.11, pp.15-2012 ,
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa1104318
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00826733
A randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis, J Neurol, 2014. ,
High doses of biotin in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: A pilot studyMD1003 (high-dose biotin) for the treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study SFEndocrino : Dosages d'hormones thyroïdiennes et biotine http, Mult Scler Relat Disord, vol.1 ,
LINGO-1 Regulates Oligodendrocyte Differentiation through the Cytoplasmic Gelsolin Signaling Pathway, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.37, issue.12, pp.22-2017 ,
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3722-16.2017
Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination through Intercellular Self-interactions Assessment of Clemastine Fumarate as a Remyelinating Agent in Multiple Sclerosis https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02040298 79 Ryan Rong WangHistamine H3 receptor negatively regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelinisationLesion remyelinating activity of GSK239512 versus placebo in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised, single-blind, phase II studyRemyelination researchers regroup after proof-of-concept setback in multiple sclerosis, Transmembrane Signaling Protein, 2014. ,
A human antibody that promotes remyelination enters the CNS and decreases lesion load as detected by T2-weighted spinal cord MRI in a virus-induced murine model of MS, The FASEB Journal, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1096/fj.04-2026fje
rHIgM22 enhances remyelination in the brain of the cuprizone mouse model of demyelinationSEMA4D compromises blood-brain barrier, activates microglia, and inhibits remyelination in neurodegenerative disease, Neurobiol Dis. Neurobiol Dis, 2015. ,
Safety/tolerability of the anti-semaphorin 4D Antibody VX15/2503 in a randomized phase 1 trial, Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation, vol.4, issue.4, pp.16-2017 ,
DOI : 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000367
En savoir plus à propos de la SEP et du rétrovirus MSRV" http://www.geneuro.ch/fr/technologies- fr/domaine-therapeutique/sep-msrv 87. Nash RA, et al. High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous HCT for relapsing-remitting MS, Neurology, 2017. ,
Long-term Outcomes After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis, JAMA Neurology, vol.74, issue.4, 2017. ,
DOI : 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.5867
Autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: an open-label phase 2a proof-of-concept study". Lancet Neurol. févr 2012. 90. Dulamea AMesenchymal stem cells in multiple sclerosis -translation to clinical trials"Thérapies par cellules souches dans la sep, J Med Life, 2012. ,
Neuroscience: Glia, more than just brain glue". Nature. février 2009. 93Polydendrocytes (NG2 cells): multifunctional cells with lineage plasticity, Nat Rev Neurosci, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1038/457675a
NG2-glia as Multipotent Neural Stem Cells: Fact or Fantasy?, Neuron, vol.70, issue.4, pp.26-2011 ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.013
URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.013
The NG2 antigen, a putative lineage marker: Immunofluorescent localization in primary cultures of rat brain, Developmental Biology, vol.83, issue.1, 1981. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-1606(81)80018-8
Light and electron microscopic localization of a cell surface antigen (NG2) in the rat cerebellum: association with smooth protoplasmic astrocytes, J Neurosci, 1987. ,
NG2-expressing glial progenitor cells: an abundant and widespread population of cycling cells in the adult rat CNS, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.2, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1044-7431(03)00210-0
NG2+ CNS Glial Progenitors Remain Committed to the Oligodendrocyte Lineage in Postnatal Life and following Neurodegeneration, Neuron, vol.68, issue.4, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.009
Reactive Astrocytes Inhibit the Survival and Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells by Secreted TNF-??, Journal of Neurotrauma, vol.28, issue.6, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1089/neu.2010.1597
White matter plasticity in adulthood, Neuroscience, vol.276, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.018
Expression of myelin proteolipid and basic protein mRNAS in cultured cells, Journal of Neuroscience Research, vol.81, issue.1, 1986. ,
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.2.6.617
Induction of myelination in the central nervous system by electrical activity., Proc Natl Acad Sci. 9 mars, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9887
Neuronal Activity Promotes Oligodendrogenesis and Adaptive Myelination in the Mammalian Brain, Science, vol.28, issue.1, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4178-07.2008
Nonsynaptic junctions on myelinating glia promote preferential myelination of electrically active axonsSynaptic vesicle release regulates myelin sheath number of individual oligodendrocytes in vivo, Nat Neurosci, 2015. ,
Neuronal activity biases axon selection for myelination in vivo, Nature Neuroscience, vol.16, issue.5, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0981-05.2005
Extensive piano practicing has regionally specific effects on white matter development, Nature Neuroscience, vol.125, issue.9 ,
DOI : 10.1016/0165-3806(95)00193-X
Motor skill learning requires active central myelination, Science, vol.32, issue.1 ,
DOI : 10.1002/gene.10023
Glutamatergic synapses on oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus, Nature, vol.405, issue.6783, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1038/35012083
The Curious Case of NG2 Cells: Transient Trend or Game Changer?, ASN Neuro, vol.16, issue.1, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nn1854
Experience-dependent regulation of NG2 progenitors in the developing barrel cortexAlteration of synaptic connectivity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells following demyelination, Nat Neurosci. Cell Neurosci, vol.17, 2015. ,
The Fate of Synaptic Input to NG2 Glial Cells: Neurons Specifically Downregulate Transmitter Release onto Differentiating Oligodendroglial CellsNMDA receptors are expressed in oligodendrocytes and activated in ischaemia, J Neurosci Nature, vol.22, 2005. ,
Activity-dependent calcium signalling in oligodendrocyte generation, The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, vol.77, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.018
Control of Local Protein Synthesis and Initial Events in Myelination by Action Potentials, Science, vol.12, issue.11, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nn.2412
Gray Matter NG2 Cells Display Multiple Ca2+-Signaling Pathways and Highly Motile Processes, PLoS ONE, vol.233, issue.3, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0017575.s006
URL : http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017575
Bidirectional plasticity of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in oligodendrocyte lineage cells, Nature Neuroscience, vol.22, issue.11, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401785
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00686245
Metabotropic P2 receptor activation regulates oligodendrocyte progenitor migration and development". Glia. 15 avr, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1002/glia.20160
Voltage-gated Ca++ entry promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation and myelination in vitro, Experimental Neurology, vol.265, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.12.012
channels in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage, Glia, vol.6, issue.1, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90243-S
Synaptic signaling between GABAergic interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampusFunctional alpha 7-containing nicotinic receptors of NG2-expressing cells in the hippocampus, Nat Neurosci. janv Glia, vol.123, 2004. ,
The versatility and universality of calcium signalling, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. oct, 2000. ,
Regulation of L-type Ca++ currents and process morphology in white matter oligodendrocyte precursor cells by golli-myelin proteins, Glia, vol.9, issue.1, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-9254-3_7
Voltage-gated Ca++ entry promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation and myelination in vitro, Experimental Neurology, vol.265, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.12.012
Golli myelin basic proteins regulate oligodendroglial progenitor cell migration through voltage-gated Ca++ influx, J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1523/jneurosci.5806-08.2009
URL : http://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/29/20/6663.full.pdf
Golli myelin basic proteins stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in remyelinating adult mouse brain". Glia, 2012. ,
Modulation of Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channel 1 in the Proliferation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells by the Golli Products of the Myelin Basic Protein Gene, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.31, issue.10, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4424-10.2011
Multiple Modes of Communication between Neurons and Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells, The Neuroscientist, vol.125, issue.15, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nn.2942
Imaging Calcium in Neurons, Neuron, vol.73, issue.5, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.011
Why does remyelination fail in multiple sclerosis?, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.105, issue.9, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19991015)58:2<207::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-1
Endogeneous remyelination: findings in human studiesNeuronal activity regulates remyelination via glutamate signalling to oligodendrocyte progenitors, CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Nat Commun, 2015. ,
Novel NG2-CreERT2 knock-in mice demonstrate heterogeneous differentiation potential of NG2 glia during development, Glia, vol.138, issue.Pt 1, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1242/dev.047951
A Cre-Dependent GCaMP3 Reporter Mouse for Neuronal Imaging In Vivo, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.32, issue.9, pp.29-2012 ,
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4469-11.2012
MYELINATION OF THE MOUSE CORPUS CALLOSUM, Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, vol.31, issue.6, 1980. ,
DOI : 10.1002/cne.901700208
An in vitro model for de-and remyelination using lysophosphatidyl choline in rodent whole brain spheroid cultures". Glia, 2009. ,
Lysophosphatidylcholine induces rapid recruitment and activation of macrophages in the adult mouse spinal cord, Glia. mars, 2000. ,
Axons and astrocytes release ATP and glutamate to evoke calcium signals in NG2-glia, Glia, vol.10, issue.1, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1002/glia.20902
Calcium and glial cell death. Cell Calcium". sept, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.ceca.2005.06.020
URL : http://www.ehu.es/neurobiology/data/Alberdi-et-al-2005-CellCalcium.pdf
Release Sites in Oligodendrocyte Processes, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.122, issue.150, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1042/bj2850681
Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activityIntracellular signals and cytoskeletal elements involved in oligodendrocyte progenitor migration, Glia. mars, 1999. ,