W. Sears, I. Sergides, N. Kazemi, M. Smith, G. White et al., Incidence and prevalence of surgery at segments adjacent to a previous posterior lumbar arthrodesis, The Spine Journal, vol.11, issue.1, pp.11-20, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.09.026

S. Rajaee, H. Bae, L. Kanim, and R. Delamarter, Spinal Fusion in the United States, Spine, vol.37, issue.1, pp.67-76, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31820cccfb

T. Akamaru, N. Kawahara, T. Yoon, S. Minamide, A. et al., Adjacent Segment Motion After a Simulated Lumbar Fusion in Different Sagittal Alignments, Spine, vol.28, issue.14, pp.1560-1566, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/01.BRS.0000076820.44132.99

P. Celestre, S. Montgomery, A. Kupperman, B. Aghdasi, H. Inoue et al., Lumbar Clinical Adjacent Segment Pathology, Spine, vol.39, issue.2, pp.172-178, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000094

J. Harrop, J. Youssef, M. Maltenfort, P. Vorwald, P. Jabbour et al., Lumbar adjacent segment degeneration and disease after arthrodesis and total disc arthroplasty. Spine, pp.1701-1708, 2008.

L. Huec, J. Saddiki, R. Franke, J. Rigal, J. Aunoble et al., Equilibrium of the human body and the gravity line: the basics. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.558-63, 2011.

G. Duval-beaupère, C. Schmidt, and P. Cosson, A barycentremetric study of the sagittal shape of spine and pelvis: The conditions required for an economic standing position, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol.70, issue.Suppl. 2, pp.451-62, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02368136

T. Oxland, Fundamental biomechanics of the spine???What we have learned in the past 25 years and future directions, Journal of Biomechanics, vol.49, issue.6, pp.817-849, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.10.035

M. Panjabi, Clinical spinal instability and low back pain, Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, vol.13, issue.4, pp.371-380, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1050-6411(03)00044-0

K. Hasegawa, M. Okamoto, S. Hatsushikano, H. Shimoda, M. Ono et al., Standing sagittal alignment of the whole axial skeleton with reference to the gravity line in humans, Journal of Anatomy, vol.12, issue.Suppl 5, pp.619-649, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.02.013

F. Schwab, V. Lafage, R. Boyce, W. Skalli, and J. Farcy, Gravity Line Analysis in Adult Volunteers, Spine, vol.31, issue.25, pp.31-959, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000248126.96737.0f

M. Dreischarf, E. Pries, M. Bashkuev, M. Putzier, and H. Schmidt, Differences between clinical ???snap-shot??? and ???real-life??? assessments of lumbar spine alignment and motion ??? What is the ???real??? lumbar lordosis of a human being?, Journal of Biomechanics, vol.49, issue.5, pp.638-682, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.01.032

M. Marks, C. Stanford, and P. Newton, Which lateral radiographic positioning technique provides the most reliable and functional representation of a patient's sagittal balance? Spine, pp.949-54, 2009.

E. Melhem, A. Assi, R. Rachkidi, . El, and I. Ghanem, biplanar X-ray imaging: concept, developments, benefits, and limitations, Journal of Children's Orthopaedics, vol.10, issue.1, pp.1-14, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s11832-016-0713-0

S. Deschênes, G. Charron, G. Beaudoin, H. Labelle, J. Dubois et al., Diagnostic Imaging of Spinal Deformities, Spine, vol.35, issue.9, pp.989-94, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181bdcaa4

F. Faro, M. Marks, J. Pawelek, and P. Newton, Evaluation of a functional position for lateral radiograph acquisition in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine, pp.2284-2293, 2004.

T. Vrtovec, F. Pernus, and B. Likar, A review of methods for quantitative evaluation of spinal curvature. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.593-607, 2009.

S. Gracovetsky, V. Zeman, and A. Carbone, Relationship between lordosis and the position of the centre of reaction of the spinal disc, Journal of Biomedical Engineering, vol.9, issue.3, pp.237-285, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0141-5425(87)90008-2

P. Roussouly, S. Gollogly, E. Berthonnaud, and J. Dimnet, Classification of the Normal Variation in the Sagittal Alignment of the Human Lumbar Spine and Pelvis in the Standing Position, Spine, vol.30, issue.3, pp.346-53, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000152379.54463.65

T. Janik, D. Harrison, R. Cailliet, S. Troyanovich, and D. Harrison, Can the sagittal lumbar curvature be closely approximated by an ellipse?, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, vol.15, issue.6, pp.766-70, 1998.
DOI : 10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v23.i5-6.20

L. Huec, J. Faundez, A. Dominguez, D. Hoffmeyer, P. Aunoble et al., Evidence showing the relationship between sagittal balance and clinical outcomes in surgical treatment of degenerative spinal diseases: a literature review, Int Orthop. 2015, vol.39, issue.1, pp.87-95

T. Kobayashi, Y. Atsuta, T. Matsuno, and N. Takeda, A longitudinal study of congruent sagittal spinal alignment in an adult cohort. Spine, pp.671-677, 2004.

F. Schwab, V. Lafage, A. Patel, and J. Farcy, Sagittal plane considerations and the pelvis in the adult patient. Spine, pp.1828-1861, 2009.

L. Huec, J. Demezon, H. Aunoble, and S. , Sagittal parameters of global cervical balance using EOS imaging: normative values from a prospective cohort of asymptomatic volunteers. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.63-71, 2015.

J. Legaye and G. Duval-beaupère, Sagittal plane alignment of the spine and gravity: a radiological and clinical evaluation, Acta Orthop Belg, vol.71, issue.2, pp.213-233, 2005.

K. Eskilsson, D. Sharma, C. Johansson, and R. Hedlund, The impact of spinopelvic morphology on the short-term outcome of pedicle subtraction osteotomy in 104 patients, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, vol.27, issue.1, 2017.
DOI : 10.3171/2016.11.SPINE16601

R. Vialle, N. Levassor, L. Rillardon, A. Templier, W. Skalli et al., RADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE SAGITTAL ALIGNMENT AND BALANCE OF THE SPINE IN ASYMPTOMATIC SUBJECTS, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, vol.87, issue.2, pp.260-267, 2005.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-200502000-00004

L. Huec, J. Hasegawa, and K. , Normative values for the spine shape parameters using 3D standing analysis from a database of 268 asymptomatic Caucasian and Japanese subjects. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.3630-3637, 2016.

I. Zepa, K. Hurmerinta, O. Kovero, M. Nissinen, M. Könönen et al., Associations between thoracic kyphosis, head posture, and craniofacial morphology in young adults, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, vol.8, issue.6, pp.237-279, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-198807000-00003

E. Berthonnaud, J. Dimnet, P. Roussouly, and H. Labelle, Analysis of the Sagittal Balance of the Spine and Pelvis Using Shape and Orientation Parameters, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, vol.18, issue.1, pp.40-47, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.bsd.0000117542.88865.77

J. Hardacker, R. Shuford, P. Capicotto, and P. Pryor, Radiographic standing cervical segmental alignment in adult volunteers without neck symptoms. Spine, pp.1472-80, 1997.

W. Kwon, P. Kim, S. Ahn, J. Song, J. Kim et al., Analysis of Associating Factors With C2-7 Sagittal Vertical Axis After Two-level Anterior Cervical Fusion, SPINE, vol.42, issue.5, pp.318-343, 2017.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001776

M. Park, S. Moon, H. Lee, S. Kim, T. Kim et al., The Effect of Age on Cervical Sagittal Alignment, Spine, vol.38, issue.8, pp.458-63, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31828802c2

J. Tang, J. Scheer, J. Smith, V. Deviren, S. Bess et al., The Impact of Standing Regional Cervical Sagittal Alignment on Outcomes in Posterior Cervical Fusion Surgery, Neurosurgery, vol.76, issue.suppl_1, pp.14-21, 2015.
DOI : 10.1227/01.neu.0000462074.66077.2b

S. Hyun, K. Kim, T. Jahng, and H. Kim, Relationship Between T1 Slope and Cervical Alignment Following Multilevel Posterior Cervical Fusion Surgery, SPINE, vol.41, issue.7, pp.396-402
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001264

J. Vital and J. Senegas, Etude du centre de gravit?? de la t??te. Application ?? l'appr??ciation des contraintes subies par le rachis cervical dans le plan sagittal, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, vol.25, issue.3, pp.169-73, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-69611-4

P. Sugrue, J. Mcclendon, T. Smith, R. Halpin, F. Nasr et al., Redefining Global Spinal Balance, Spine, vol.38, issue.6, pp.484-493, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318273a1c0

J. Dubousset, G. Charpak, W. Skalli, J. De-guise, G. Kalifa et al., Skeletal and spinal imaging with EOS system]. Arch Pediatr Organe Off Soc Francaise Pediatr, pp.665-671, 2008.

I. Obeid, O. Hauger, S. Aunoble, A. Bourghli, N. Pellet et al., Global analysis of sagittal spinal alignment in major deformities: correlation between lack of lumbar lordosis and flexion of the knee, European Spine Journal, vol.87, issue.S5, 2011.
DOI : 10.2106/JBJS.D.02043

W. Skalli, R. Zeller, L. Miladi, G. Bourcereau, M. Savidan et al., Importance of pelvic compensation in posture and motion after posterior spinal fusion using CD instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis. Spine, pp.359-66, 2006.

F. Laouissat, A. Sebaaly, M. Gehrchen, and P. Roussouly, Classification of normal sagittal spine alignment: refounding the Roussouly classification. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, 2017.

H. Bao, R. Lafage, B. Liabaud, J. Elysée, B. Diebo et al., Three types of sagittal alignment regarding compensation in asymptomatic adults: the contribution of the spine and lower limbs. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, 2017.

C. Boulay, C. Tardieu, J. Hecquet, C. Benaim, B. Mouilleseaux et al., Sagittal alignment of spine and pelvis regulated by pelvic incidence: standard values and prediction of lordosis, European Spine Journal, vol.44, issue.A, pp.415-437, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00586-005-0984-5

C. Barrey, J. Jund, G. Perrin, and P. Roussouly, SPINOPELVIC ALIGNMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DEGENERATIVE SPONDYLOLISTHESIS, Neurosurgery, vol.61, issue.5, pp.981-987, 2007.
DOI : 10.1227/01.neu.0000303194.02921.30

C. Barrey, J. Jund, O. Noseda, and P. Roussouly, Sagittal balance of the pelvis-spine complex and lumbar degenerative diseases. A comparative study about 85 cases. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.1459-67, 2007.

H. Funao, T. Tsuji, N. Hosogane, K. Watanabe, K. Ishii et al., Comparative study of spinopelvic sagittal alignment between patients with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.2181-2188, 2012.

V. Lafage, F. Schwab, W. Skalli, N. Hawkinson, P. Gagey et al., Standing Balance and Sagittal Plane Spinal Deformity, Spine, vol.33, issue.14, pp.1572-1580, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817886a2

P. Roussouly, S. Gollogly, O. Noseda, E. Berthonnaud, and J. Dimnet, The Vertical Projection of the Sum of the Ground Reactive Forces of a Standing Patient Is Not the Same as the C7 Plumb Line, Spine, vol.31, issue.11, pp.31-320, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000218263.58642.ff

N. Gangnet, V. Pomero, R. Dumas, W. Skalli, and J. Vital, Variability of the spine and pelvis location with respect to the gravity line: a three-dimensional stereoradiographic study using a force platform, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, vol.25, issue.5-6, pp.5-6424, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00276-003-0154-6

C. Amabile, H. Pillet, V. Lafage, C. Barrey, J. Vital et al., A new quasi-invariant parameter characterizing the postural alignment of young asymptomatic adults. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.3666-74, 2016.

L. Huec, J. Leijssen, P. Duarte, M. Aunoble, and S. , Thoracolumbar imbalance analysis for osteotomy planification using a new method: FBI technique. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.669-80, 2011.

T. Protopsaltis, F. Schwab, N. Bronsard, J. Smith, E. Klineberg et al., The T1 Pelvic Angle, a Novel Radiographic Measure of Global Sagittal Deformity, Accounts for Both Spinal Inclination and Pelvic Tilt and Correlates with Health-Related Quality of Life, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, vol.96, issue.19, pp.1631-1671, 2014.
DOI : 10.2106/JBJS.M.01459

L. Huec, J. Charosky, S. Barrey, C. Rigal, J. Aunoble et al., Sagittal imbalance cascade for simple degenerative spine and consequences: algorithm of decision for appropriate treatment. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.699-703, 2011.

C. Barrey, P. Roussouly, L. Huec, J. , D. Acunzi et al., Compensatory mechanisms contributing to keep the sagittal balance of the spine. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.834-875, 2013.

K. Hasegawa, M. Okamoto, S. Hatsushikano, H. Shimoda, M. Ono et al., Normative values of spino-pelvic sagittal alignment, balance, age, and health-related quality of life in a cohort of healthy adult subjects. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.3675-86, 2016.

R. Jackson and A. Mcmanus, Radiographic Analysis of Sagittal Plane Alignment and Balance in Standing Volunteers and Patients with Low Back Pain Matched for Age, Sex, and Size, Spine, vol.19, issue.Supplement, pp.1611-1619, 1994.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199407001-00010

P. Korovessis, A. Dimas, P. Iliopoulos, and E. Lambiris, Correlative Analysis of Lateral Vertebral Radiographic Variables and Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, vol.15, issue.5, pp.384-90, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00024720-200210000-00007

J. Lazennec, S. Ramaré, N. Arafati, C. Laudet, M. Gorin et al., Sagittal alignment in lumbosacral fusion: relations between radiological parameters and pain. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, Feb, vol.9, issue.1, pp.47-55, 2000.

I. Hovorka, P. Rousseau, N. Bronsard, M. Chalali, J. M. Carles et al., Mesure de la r??serve d???extension de la hanche en relation avec le rachis. ??tude comparative de deux m??thodes radiologiques, Revue de Chirurgie Orthop??dique et R??paratrice de l'Appareil Moteur, vol.94, issue.8, pp.771-777, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rco.2008.03.033

P. Mangione and J. Sénégas, Sagittal balance of the spine], Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot, vol.83, issue.1, pp.22-32, 1997.

J. Lazennec, A. Brusson, D. Folinais, A. Zhang, A. Pour et al., Measuring extension of the lumbar???pelvic???femoral complex with the EOS?? system, European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, vol.71, issue.Suppl 5, pp.1061-1069, 2015.
DOI : 10.1097/00002060-198908000-00002

J. Lazennec, A. Brusson, and M. Rousseau, Hip-spine relations and sagittal balance clinical consequences. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.686-98, 2011.

J. Lazennec, A. Brusson, and M. Rousseau, Lumbar-pelvic-femoral balance on sitting and standing lateral radiographs, Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, vol.99, issue.1, pp.87-103, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.otsr.2012.12.003

E. Itoi, Roentgenographic analysis of posture in spinal osteoporotics. Spine, pp.750-756, 1991.

Y. Murata, K. Takahashi, M. Yamagata, E. Hanaoka, and H. Moriya, The knee-spine syndrome. Association between lumbar lordosis and extension of the knee, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2003.

S. De-kunder, S. Van-kuijk, K. Rijkers, I. Caelers, W. Van-hemert et al., Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in lumbar spondylolisthesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis, The Spine Journal, vol.17, issue.11, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.018

R. Mobbs, K. Phan, G. Malham, K. Seex, P. Rao et al., Lumbar interbody fusion: techniques, indications and comparison of interbody fusion options including, pp.2-18, 2015.

F. Schwab, B. Blondel, E. Chay, J. Demakakos, L. Lenke et al., The Comprehensive Anatomical Spinal Osteotomy Classification, Neurosurgery, vol.76, issue.1, pp.33-41, 2015.
DOI : 10.1227/01.neu.0000462076.73701.09

S. Gödde, E. Fritsch, M. Dienst, and D. Kohn, Influence of cage geometry on sagittal alignment in instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Spine, pp.1693-1702, 2003.

J. Jang, S. Lee, M. J. Maeng, and D. , Influence of lumbar lordosis restoration on thoracic curve and sagittal position in lumbar degenerative kyphosis patients. Spine, Feb, vol.134, issue.3, pp.280-284, 2009.

C. Pfirrmann, A. Metzdorf, A. Elfering, J. Hodler, and N. Boos, Effect of aging and degeneration on disc volume and shape: A quantitative study in asymptomatic volunteers, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, vol.7, issue.Suppl, pp.1086-94, 2006.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.177.2.2217764

A. Elfering, N. Semmer, D. Birkhofer, M. Zanetti, J. Hodler et al., Risk factors for lumbar disc degeneration: a 5-year prospective MRI study in asymptomatic individuals. Spine, pp.125-159, 2002.

K. Radcliff, C. Kepler, A. Jakoi, G. Sidhu, J. Rihn et al., Adjacent segment disease in the lumbar spine following different treatment interventions, The Spine Journal, vol.13, issue.10, pp.1339-1388, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.03.020

J. Lee and S. Choi, Adjacent Segment Pathology after Lumbar Spinal Fusion, Asian Spine Journal, vol.9, issue.5, pp.807-824
DOI : 10.4184/asj.2015.9.5.807

H. Nagata, M. Schendel, E. Transfeldt, and J. Lewis, The Effects of Immobilization of Long Segments of the Spine on the Adjacent and Distal Facet Force and Lumbosacral Motion, Spine, vol.18, issue.16, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199312000-00017

J. Schlegel, J. Smith, and R. Schleusener, Lumbar motion segment pathology adjacent to thoracolumbar, lumbar, and lumbosacral fusions. Spine, Apr, vol.1521, issue.8, pp.970-81, 1996.

M. Hambly, L. Wiltse, N. Raghavan, G. Schneiderman, and C. Koenig, The transition zone above a lumbosacral fusion. Spine, Aug, vol.1523, issue.16, pp.1785-92, 1998.

J. Lee, Y. Kim, J. Soh, and B. Shin, Risk Factors of Adjacent Segment Disease Requiring Surgery After Lumbar Spinal Fusion, Spine, vol.39, issue.5, pp.339-384, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000164

N. Miyakoshi, E. Abe, Y. Shimada, K. Okuyama, T. Suzuki et al., Outcome of One-Level Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Spondylolisthesis and Postoperative Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Adjacent to the Fusion, Spine, vol.25, issue.14, pp.1837-1879, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-200007150-00016

L. Wiltse, S. Radecki, H. Biel, P. Dimartino, R. Oas et al., Comparative Study of the Incidence and Severity of Degenerative Change in the Transition Zones After Instrumented Versus Noninstrumented Fusions of the Lumbar Spine, Journal of SPINAL DISORDERS, vol.12, issue.1, pp.27-33, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00002517-199902000-00004

C. Lee and N. Langrana, Lumbosacral spinal fusion. A biomechanical study. Spine, pp.574-81, 1984.

S. Weinhoffer, R. Guyer, M. Herbert, and S. Griffith, Intradiscal pressure measurements above an instrumented fusion. A cadaveric study. Spine, pp.526-557, 1995.

P. Axelsson, R. Johnsson, and B. Strömqvist, The spondylolytic vertebra and its adjacent segment. Mobility measured before and after posterolateral fusion. Spine, Feb, vol.1522, issue.4, pp.414-421, 1997.

P. Kraemer, M. Fehlings, R. Hashimoto, M. Lee, P. Anderson et al., A systematic review of definitions and classification systems of adjacent segment pathology. Spine, pp.31-40, 1922.

P. Park, H. Garton, V. Gala, J. Hoff, and J. Mcgillicuddy, Adjacent Segment Disease after Lumbar or Lumbosacral Fusion: Review of the Literature, Spine, vol.29, issue.17, pp.1938-1982, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000137069.88904.03

K. Riew, D. Norvell, J. Chapman, A. Skelly, and J. Dettori, Introduction/Summary Statement, Spine, vol.37, pp.1-7, 1922.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31826cef01

A. Hilibrand and M. Robbins, Adjacent segment degeneration and adjacent segment disease: the consequences of spinal fusion? Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc, pp.190-194, 2004.

J. Park, Y. Cho, and K. Riew, DEVELOPMENT OF ADJACENT-LEVEL OSSIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH AN ANTERIOR CERVICAL PLATE, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, vol.87, issue.3, pp.558-63, 2005.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-200503000-00012

F. Bailly, J. Maigne, S. Genevay, M. Marty, F. Gandjbakhch et al., Inflammatory pain pattern and pain with lumbar extension associated with Modic 1 changes on MRI: a prospective case-control study of 120 patients. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.493-500, 2014.

M. Modic, P. Steinberg, J. Ross, T. Masaryk, and J. Carter, Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging., Radiology, vol.166, issue.1, pp.193-202, 1988.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.166.1.3336678

J. Li, Y. Li, J. Wei, and Y. Shen, A study on the cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated by anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion in accordance with Modic changes with a 2-year minimum follow-up, Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, vol.10, issue.1, 2017.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000228780.06569.e8

M. Kanayama, T. Hashimoto, K. Shigenobu, M. Harada, F. Oha et al., Adjacent-segment morbidity after Graf ligamentoplasty compared with posterolateral lumbar fusion, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, vol.95, issue.1, pp.5-10, 2001.
DOI : 10.3171/spi.2001.95.1.0005

W. Chen, P. Lai, C. Niu, L. Chen, T. Fu et al., Surgical Treatment of Adjacent Instability After Lumbar Spine Fusion, Spine, vol.26, issue.22, pp.519-543, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-200111150-00024

N. Nguyen, C. Kong, and R. Hart, Proximal junctional kyphosis and failure???diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, vol.41, issue.1, pp.299-308
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001171

R. Glattes, K. Bridwell, L. Lenke, Y. Kim, A. Rinella et al., Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adult Spinal Deformity Following Long Instrumented Posterior Spinal Fusion, Spine, vol.30, issue.14, pp.1643-1652, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000169451.76359.49

K. Bridwell, L. Lenke, S. Cho, J. Pahys, L. Zebala et al., Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Primary Adult Deformity Surgery, Neurosurgery, vol.72, issue.6, pp.899-906, 2013.
DOI : 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31828bacd8

R. Hostin, I. Mccarthy, M. O?brien, S. Bess, B. Line et al., Incidence, mode, and location of acute proximal junctional failures after surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity. Spine, pp.1008-1023, 2013.

M. Helgeson, S. Shah, P. Newton, D. Clements, R. Betz et al., Evaluation of proximal junctional kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis following pedicle screw, hook, or hybrid instrumentation. Spine, pp.177-81, 2010.

R. Hart, I. Mccarthy, M. O?brien, S. Bess, B. Line et al., Identification of decision criteria for revision surgery among patients with proximal junctional failure after surgical treatment of spinal deformity. Spine, pp.1223-1230, 2013.

M. Smith, A. P. Lawrence, B. Daubs, M. Brodke, and D. , Acute proximal junctional failure in patients with preoperative sagittal imbalance, The Spine Journal, vol.15, issue.10, pp.2142-2150, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.05.028

M. Yagi, M. Rahm, R. Gaines, A. Maziad, T. Ross et al., Characterization and surgical outcomes of proximal junctional failure in surgically treated patients with adult spinal deformity. Spine, pp.607-621, 2014.

K. Cho, S. Kang, D. Yoo, P. Huh, D. Kim et al., Risk Factors and Surgical Treatment for Symptomatic Adjacent Segment Degeneration after Lumbar Spine Fusion, Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, vol.46, issue.5, pp.425-455, 2009.
DOI : 10.3340/jkns.2009.46.5.425

T. Matsumoto, S. Okuda, T. Maeno, T. Yamashita, R. Yamasaki et al., Spinopelvic sagittal imbalance as a risk factor for adjacent-segment disease after single-segment posterior lumbar interbody fusion, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, vol.26, issue.4, pp.1-6, 2017.
DOI : 10.3171/2016.9.SPINE16232

T. Lehmann, K. Spratt, J. Tozzi, J. Weinstein, S. Reinarz et al., Long-term follow-up of lower lumbar fusion patients. Spine, pp.97-104, 1987.

G. Ghiselli, J. Wang, N. Bhatia, W. Hsu, and E. Dawson, ADJACENT SEGMENT DEGENERATION IN THE LUMBAR SPINE, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, vol.86, issue.7, pp.1497-503, 2004.
DOI : 10.2106/00004623-200407000-00020

Y. Aota, K. Kumano, and S. Hirabayashi, Postfusion instability at the adjacent segments after rigid pedicle screw fixation for degenerative lumbar spinal disorders, J Spinal Disord, 1995.

B. Lawrence, J. Wang, P. Arnold, J. Hermsmeyer, D. Norvell et al., Predicting the Risk of Adjacent Segment Pathology After Lumbar Fusion, Spine, vol.37, pp.123-155, 1922.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31826d60d8

M. Kumar, A. Baklanov, and D. Chopin, Correlation between sagittal plane changes and adjacent segment degeneration following lumbar spine fusion. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.314-323, 2001.

H. Wang, L. Ma, D. Yang, T. Wang, S. Liu et al., Incidence and risk factors of adjacent segment disease following posterior decompression and instrumented fusion for degenerative lumbar disorders, Medicine, vol.96, issue.5, p.6032
DOI : 10.1097/MD.0000000000006032

J. Anandjiwala, J. Seo, K. Ha, I. Oh, and D. Shin, Adjacent segment degeneration after instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion: a prospective cohort study with a minimum five-year follow-up. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.1951-60, 2011.

S. Imagama, N. Kawakami, Y. Matsubara, T. Tsuji, T. Ohara et al., Radiographic Adjacent Segment Degeneration at Five Years After L4/5 Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Pedicle Screw Instrumentation, Journal of Spinal Disorders and Techniques, vol.29, issue.9, pp.442-51, 2016.
DOI : 10.1097/BSD.0b013e31828aec78

J. Min, J. Jang, B. Jung, . Joo, H. Lee et al., The Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for the Adjacent Segment Degeneration in Instrumented Lumbar Fusion, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, vol.21, issue.5, pp.305-314, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/BSD.0b013e318142b960

H. Aiki, O. Ohwada, H. Kobayashi, M. Hayakawa, S. Kawaguchi et al., Adjacent segment stenosis after lumbar fusion requiring second operation, Journal of Orthopaedic Science, vol.10, issue.5, pp.490-495, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00776-005-0919-3

P. Gillet, The Fate of the Adjacent Motion Segments After Lumbar Fusion, Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, vol.16, issue.4, pp.338-383, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/00024720-200308000-00005

G. Cheh, K. Bridwell, L. Lenke, J. Buchowski, M. Daubs et al., Adjacent Segment Disease FollowingLumbar/Thoracolumbar Fusion With Pedicle Screw Instrumentation, Spine, vol.32, issue.20, pp.2253-2260, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31814b2d8e

C. Zhang, S. Berven, M. Fortin, and M. Weber, Adjacent Segment Degeneration Versus Disease After Lumbar Spine Fusion for Degenerative Pathology: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Literature, The Spine Journal, vol.12, issue.9, pp.21-30, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.08.294

W. Park, D. Choi, K. Kim, Y. Kim, and Y. Kim, Biomechanical effects of fusion levels on the risk of proximal junctional failure and kyphosis in lumbar spinal fusion surgery, Clinical Biomechanics, vol.30, issue.10, pp.1162-1171, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.08.009

H. Xu, H. Tang, X. Guan, F. Jiang, N. Xu et al., Biomechanical Comparison of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion by Finite Element Analysis, Operative Neurosurgery, vol.72, issue.1, pp.21-27, 2013.
DOI : 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182742a69

P. Moreau, E. Ferrero, G. Riouallon, T. Lenoir, and P. Guigui, Radiologic adjacent segment degeneration 2 years after lumbar fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis, Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, vol.102, issue.6, pp.759-63, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.otsr.2016.03.012

I. Radovanovic, J. Urquhart, V. Ganapathy, F. Siddiqi, K. Gurr et al., Influence of postoperative sagittal balance and spinopelvic parameters on the outcome of patients surgically treated for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, vol.26, issue.4, pp.448-53
DOI : 10.3171/2016.9.SPINE1680

M. Park, M. Kelly, D. Lee, M. W. Rahman, R. Riew et al., Sagittal alignment as a predictor of clinical adjacent segment pathology requiring surgery after anterior cervical arthrodesis, The Spine Journal, vol.14, issue.7, pp.1228-1262, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.09.043

M. Djurasovic, L. Carreon, S. Glassman, J. Dimar, R. Puno et al., Sagittal Alignment as a Risk Factor for Adjacent Level Degeneration: A Case-Control Study, Orthopedics, vol.31, issue.6, 2008.
DOI : 10.3928/01477447-20080601-08

D. Rothenfluh, D. Mueller, E. Rothenfluh, and M. K. , Pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch predisposes to adjacent segment disease after lumbar spinal fusion. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.1251-1259, 2015.

M. Senteler, B. Weisse, J. Snedeker, and D. Rothenfluh, Pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch results in increased segmental joint loads in the unfused and fused lumbar spine. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, 2014.

S. Umehara, M. Zindrick, A. Patwardhan, R. Havey, L. Vrbos et al., The Biomechanical Effect of Postoperative Hypolordosis in Instrumented Lumbar Fusion on Instrumented and Adjacent Spinal Segments, Spine, vol.25, issue.13, pp.1617-1641, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-200007010-00004

X. Sun, Y. Hai, and X. Zhang, [Effects of different pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis mismatch after long posterior instrumentation and fusion for adult degenerative scoliosis], Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi, vol.55, issue.6, pp.435-475, 2017.

O. Gottfried, M. Daubs, A. Patel, A. Dailey, and D. Brodke, Spinopelvic parameters in postfusion flatback deformity patients, The Spine Journal, vol.9, issue.8, pp.639-686, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.04.008

C. Tribus, T. Belanger, and T. Zdeblick, The Effect of Operative Position and Short-Segment Fusion on Maintenance of Sagittal Alignment of the Lumbar Spine, Spine, vol.24, issue.1, pp.58-61, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199901010-00014

A. Sebaaly, G. Riouallon, I. Obeid, P. Grobost, M. Rizkallah et al., Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult scoliosis: comparison of four radiological predictor models. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, 2009.

A. Ivanov, A. Kiapour, N. Ebraheim, and V. Goel, Lumbar Fusion Leads to Increases in Angular Motion and Stress Across Sacroiliac Joint, Spine, vol.34, issue.5, pp.162-171, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181978ea3

K. Ha, J. Lee, and K. Kim, Degeneration of Sacroiliac Joint After Instrumented Lumbar or Lumbosacral Fusion, Spine, vol.33, issue.11, pp.1192-1200, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318170fd35

T. Finger, S. Bayerl, M. Bertog, M. Czabanka, J. Woitzik et al., Impact of sacropelvic fixation on the development of postoperative sacroiliac joint pain following multilevel stabilization for degenerative spine disease, Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, vol.150, pp.18-22, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.08.009

R. Glattes, K. Bridwell, L. Lenke, Y. Kim, A. Rinella et al., Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adult Spinal Deformity Following Long Instrumented Posterior Spinal Fusion, Spine, vol.30, issue.14, pp.1643-1652, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000169451.76359.49

G. Morvan, P. Mathieu, V. Vuillemin, H. Guerini, P. Bossard et al., Standardized way for imaging of the sagittal spinal balance. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.602-610, 2011.

L. Huec, J. Cogniet, A. Demezon, H. Rigal, J. Saddiki et al., Insufficient restoration of lumbar lordosis and FBI index following pedicle subtraction osteotomy is an indicator of likely mechanical complication. Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc, pp.112-132, 2015.

P. Knott, S. Mardjetko, and F. Techy, The use of the T1 sagittal angle in predicting overall sagittal balance of the spine, The Spine Journal, vol.10, issue.11, pp.994-1002, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.08.031

P. Hodges and G. Moseley, Pain and motor control of the lumbopelvic region: effect and possible mechanisms, Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, vol.13, issue.4, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1050-6411(03)00042-7

Y. Kim, K. Bridwell, L. Lenke, J. Kim, and S. Cho, Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Following Segmental Posterior Spinal Instrumentation and Fusion, Spine, vol.30, issue.18, pp.2045-50, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000179084.45839.ad