M. Nurmohamed, M. Heslinga, and G. Kitas, Cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatic diseases, Nature Reviews Rheumatology, vol.192, issue.12, pp.693-704, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01779.x

A. Baillet, L. Gossec, L. Carmona, M. Wit, . De et al., Points to consider for reporting, screening for and preventing selected comorbidities in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in daily practice: a EULAR initiative, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.74, issue.2, 2016.
DOI : 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206807

M. Soubrier, N. Chamoux, Z. Tatar, M. Couderc, J. Dubost et al., Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis, Joint Bone Spine, vol.81, issue.4, pp.298-302, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.009

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117207

C. Crowson, K. Liao, J. Davis, D. Solomon, E. Matteson et al., Rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease, American Heart Journal, vol.166, issue.4, pp.622-628, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.07.010

N. Goodson, N. Wiles, M. Lunt, E. Barrett, A. Silman et al., Mortality in early inflammatory polyarthritis: Cardiovascular mortality is increased in seropositive patients, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.337, issue.8, pp.2010-2019, 2002.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-118-12-199306150-00008

J. An, T. Cheetham, K. Reynolds, E. Alemao, H. Kawabata et al., Traditional Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Management in Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared to Matched Nonrheumatoid Arthritis in a US Managed Care Setting, Arthritis Care & Research, vol.68, issue.Suppl 2, pp.629-666, 2016.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2008.101964

J. Avina-zubieta, J. Thomas, M. Sadatsafavi, A. Lehman, and D. Lacaille, Risk of incident cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.71, issue.9, pp.1524-1533, 2012.
DOI : 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200726

J. Aviña-zubieta, H. Choi, M. Sadatsafavi, M. Etminan, J. Esdaile et al., Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis of observational studies, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.50, issue.12, pp.1690-1697, 2008.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629

C. Turesson, R. Mcclelland, T. Christianson, and E. Matteson, Severe extra-articular disease manifestations are associated with an increased risk of first ever cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.66, issue.1, pp.70-75, 2007.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2006.052506

I. Kullo, G. Gau, and A. Tajik, Novel Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol.75, issue.4, pp.369-80, 2000.
DOI : 10.4065/75.4.369

P. Ridker, M. Cushman, M. Stampfer, R. Tracy, and C. Hennekens, Inflammation, Aspirin, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Apparently Healthy Men, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.336, issue.14, pp.973-982, 1997.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199704033361401

J. Zhang, L. Chen, E. Delzell, P. Muntner, W. Hillegass et al., The association between inflammatory markers, serum lipids and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.311, issue.7, pp.1301-1309, 2014.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2013.284203

I. Del-rincón, K. Williams, M. Stern, G. Freeman, O. Leary et al., Association between carotid atherosclerosis and markers of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy subjects, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.23, issue.Suppl 2, pp.1833-1873, 2003.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.23.12.1752

M. Nurmohamed, Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis, Autoimmunity Reviews, vol.8, issue.8, pp.663-670, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.02.015

G. Vaudo, S. Marchesi, R. Gerli, R. Allegrucci, A. Giordano et al., Endothelial dysfunction in young patients with rheumatoid arthritis and low disease activity, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.63, issue.1, pp.31-36, 2004.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2003.007740

G. Crepaldi, C. Scirè, G. Carrara, G. Sakellariou, R. Caporali et al., Cardiovascular Comorbidities Relate More than Others with Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis, PLOS ONE, vol.0, issue.7, p.146991, 2016.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0146991.s006

I. Ibrahim, J. Humphreys, I. Mokhtar, T. Marshall, S. Verstappen et al., Association of chemokine CXC ligand 12 gene polymorphism (rs1746048) with cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register: Table??1, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.2014, issue.11, pp.2099-102, 2015.
DOI : 10.1155/2014/756279

R. López-mejías, M. García-bermúdez, C. González-juanatey, S. Castañeda, J. Miranda-filloy et al., NFKB1-94ATTG ins/del polymorphism (rs28362491) is associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Atherosclerosis, vol.224, issue.2, pp.426-435, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.008

L. Rodríguez-rodríguez, C. González-juanatey, R. Palomino-morales, T. Vázquez-rodríguez, J. Miranda-filloy et al., TNFA ???308 (rs1800629) polymorphism is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Atherosclerosis, vol.216, issue.1, pp.125-155, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.052

M. González-gay and C. González-juanatey, Inflammation and lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis: bridging an apparent paradox, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.363, issue.7, pp.1281-1284, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16449-0

J. Giles, S. Danielides, M. Szklo, W. Post, R. Blumenthal et al., Insulin Resistance in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Disease-Related Indicators and Associations With the Presence and Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Arthritis & Rheumatology, vol.61, issue.3, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.12.035

C. Crowson, E. Myasoedova, J. Davis, E. Matteson, V. Roger et al., Increased Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients without Clinical Cardiovascular Disease, The Journal of Rheumatology, vol.38, issue.1, pp.29-35, 2011.
DOI : 10.3899/jrheum.100346

E. Myasoedova, C. Crowson, H. Kremers, V. Roger, P. Fitz-gibbon et al., Lipid paradox in rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of serum lipid measures and systemic inflammation on the risk of cardiovascular disease, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.70, issue.3, pp.482-489, 2011.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2010.135871

J. Primdahl, J. Clausen, and K. Hørslev-petersen, Results from systematic screening for cardiovascular risk in outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis in accordance with the EULAR recommendations, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.70, issue.11, pp.1771-1777, 2013.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2010.141523

M. Dougados, M. Soubrier, A. Antunez, P. Balint, A. Balsa et al., Prevalence of comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis and evaluation of their monitoring: results of an international, cross-sectional study (COMORA), Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.71, issue.1, pp.62-70, 2014.
DOI : 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200185

A. Moltó, A. Etcheto, D. Van-der-heijde, R. Landewé, F. Van-den-bosch et al., Prevalence of comorbidities and evaluation of their screening in spondyloarthritis: results of the international cross-sectional ASAS-COMOSPA study, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.173, issue.6, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/bjd.13543

C. Prati, P. Claudepierre, T. Pham, and D. Wendling, Mortality in spondylarthritis, Joint Bone Spine, vol.78, issue.5, pp.466-70, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.012

G. Bakland, J. Gran, and J. Nossent, Increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease activity, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.70, issue.11, pp.1921-1926, 2011.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2011.151191

M. Nurmohamed, I. Van-der-horst-bruinsma, and W. Maksymowych, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Current Insights, Current Rheumatology Reports, vol.69, issue.Suppl, pp.415-436, 2012.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2009.113696

C. Papagoras, P. Voulgari, and A. Drosos, Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in the spondyloarthritides, particularly ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, Clin Exp Rheumatol. août, vol.31, issue.4, pp.612-632, 2013.

S. Mathieu, B. Pereira, and M. Soubrier, Cardiovascular events in ankylosing spondylitis: An updated meta-analysis, Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol.44, issue.5, pp.551-556, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.10.007

S. Exarchou, E. Lie, U. Lindström, J. Askling, H. Forsblad-d-'elia et al., Mortality in ankylosing spondylitis: results from a nationwide population-based study, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.70, issue.(5 Suppl 51), 2015.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2010.141598

N. Haroon, J. Paterson, P. Li, R. Inman, and N. Haroon, Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis Have Increased Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.163, issue.6, pp.409-425, 2015.
DOI : 10.7326/M14-2470

I. Essers, C. Stolwijk, A. Boonen, M. Bruin, M. Bazelier et al., Ankylosing spondylitis and risk of ischaemic heart disease: a population-based cohort study, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.53, issue.1, pp.203-212, 2016.
DOI : 10.1093/rheumatology/ket469

N. Haque, R. Lories, and K. De-vlam, Comorbidities Associated with Psoriatic Arthritis Compared with Non-psoriatic Spondyloarthritis: A Cross-sectional Study, The Journal of Rheumatology, vol.43, issue.2, pp.376-82, 2016.
DOI : 10.3899/jrheum.141359

K. Kang, Y. Her, J. Ju, Y. Hong, and S. Park, Radiographic progression is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with axial spondyloarthritis, Mod Rheumatol Jpn Rheum Assoc. 23 déc, vol.1, issue.6, 2015.

S. Kaptoge, D. Angelantonio, E. Pennells, L. Wood, A. White et al., C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cardiovascular disease prediction, Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, pp.1310-1330, 2012.

L. Tam, B. Tomlinson, T. Chu, M. Li, Y. Leung et al., Cardiovascular risk profile of patients with psoriatic arthritis compared to controls--the role of inflammation, Rheumatology, vol.47, issue.5, pp.718-741, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/rheumatology/ken090

L. Gonzalez-lopez, J. Sanchez-hernandez, E. Aguilar-chavez, A. Cota-sanchez, M. Lopez-olivo et al., Hyperhomocysteinemia in ankylosing spondylitis: prevalence and association with clinical variables, Rheumatology International, vol.159, issue.Suppl 28, pp.1223-1231, 2008.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-131-5-199909070-00008

C. Papagoras, T. Markatseli, I. Saougou, Y. Alamanos, A. Zikou et al., Cardiovascular risk profile in patients with spondyloarthritis, Joint Bone Spine, vol.81, issue.1, pp.57-63, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.03.019

J. Papadakis, P. Sidiropoulos, S. Karvounaris, G. Vrentzos, E. Spanakis et al., High prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in men with ankylosing spondylitis on anti-TNFalpha treatment: correlation with disease activity, Clin Exp Rheumatol. avr, vol.27, issue.2, pp.292-300, 2009.

Z. Wang, R. Pierson, and S. Heymsfield, The five-level model: a new approach to organizing body-composition research, Am J Clin Nutr. 7 janv, vol.56, issue.1, pp.19-28, 1992.

S. Lee and D. Gallagher, Assessment methods in human body composition, Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, vol.11, issue.5, pp.566-72, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32830b5f23

S. Chomtho, J. Wells, J. Williams, A. Lucas, and M. Fewtrell, Associations between birth weight and later body composition: evidence from the 4-component model, Am J Clin Nutr. oct, vol.88, issue.4, pp.1040-1048, 2008.

D. Dey, I. Bosaeus, L. Lissner, and B. Steen, Changes in body composition and its relation to muscle strength in 75-year-old men and women: A 5-year prospective follow-up study of the NORA cohort in G??teborg, Sweden, Nutrition, vol.25, issue.6, pp.613-622, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nut.2008.11.023

R. Scherzer, W. Shen, P. Bacchetti, D. Kotler, C. Lewis et al., Comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging-measured adipose tissue depots in HIV-infected and control subjects, Am J Clin Nutr. oct, vol.88, issue.4, pp.1088-96, 2008.

A. Cruz-jentoft, J. Baeyens, J. Bauer, Y. Boirie, T. Cederholm et al., Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, Age and Ageing, vol.39, issue.4, pp.412-435, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/ageing/afq034

C. Fox, J. Massaro, U. Hoffmann, K. Pou, P. Maurovich-horvat et al., Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Compartments: Association With Metabolic Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study, Circulation, vol.116, issue.1, pp.39-48, 2007.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355

G. Rosito, J. Massaro, U. Hoffmann, F. Ruberg, A. Mahabadi et al., Pericardial Fat, Visceral Abdominal Fat, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, and Vascular Calcification in a Community-Based Sample: The Framingham Heart Study, Circulation, vol.117, issue.5, pp.605-618, 2008.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743062

G. Phillips, T. Jing, and S. Heymsfield, Relationships in men of sex hormones, insulin, adiposity, and risk factors for myocardial infarction, Metabolism, vol.52, issue.6, pp.784-90, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0026-0495(03)00072-6

H. Lakka, T. Lakka, J. Tuomilehto, and J. Salonen, Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of acute coronary events in men, European Heart Journal, vol.23, issue.9, pp.706-719, 2002.
DOI : 10.1053/euhj.2001.2889

W. Shuman, L. Morris, D. Leonetti, P. Wahl, V. Moceri et al., Abnormal Body Fat Distribution Detected by Computed Tomography in Diabetic Men, Investigative Radiology, vol.21, issue.6, pp.483-490, 1986.
DOI : 10.1097/00004424-198606000-00007

A. Mahabadi, J. Massaro, G. Rosito, D. Levy, J. Murabito et al., Association of pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, and visceral abdominal fat with cardiovascular disease burden: the Framingham Heart Study, European Heart Journal, vol.30, issue.7, pp.850-856, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn573

J. Kuk, P. Katzmarzyk, M. Nichaman, T. Church, S. Blair et al., Visceral Fat Is an Independent Predictor of All-cause Mortality in Men*, Obesity, vol.252, issue.2, pp.336-377, 2006.
DOI : 10.1161/01.ATV.10.4.493

G. Hotamisligil, P. Arner, J. Caro, R. Atkinson, and B. Spiegelman, Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.95, issue.5, pp.2409-2424, 1995.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI117936

R. Ahima and J. Flier, Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.11, issue.8, pp.327-359, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00301-5

N. Esser, S. Legrand-poels, J. Piette, N. Paquot, and A. Scheen, NLRP3 inflammasome and visceral adipose tissue, Rev Médicale Liège, vol.69, pp.57-61, 2014.

R. Gaillard and . Le, un véritable organe endocrine -revmed. Rev Médicale Suisse, Disponible sur, 2003.

L. Tankó, Y. Bagger, P. Alexandersen, P. Larsen, and C. Christiansen, Peripheral Adiposity Exhibits an Independent Dominant Antiatherogenic Effect in Elderly Women, Circulation, vol.107, issue.12, pp.1626-1657, 2003.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.0000057974.74060.68

D. Fakhrawi, L. Beeson, C. Libanati, D. Feleke, H. Kim et al., Comparison of Body Composition by Bioelectrical Impedance and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women, Journal of Clinical Densitometry, vol.12, issue.2, pp.238-282, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jocd.2009.01.004

S. Kaul, M. Rothney, D. Peters, W. Wacker, C. Davis et al., Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for Quantification of Visceral Fat, Obesity, vol.42, issue.6, pp.1313-1321, 2012.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.87.6.2784

J. Laforgia, J. Dollman, M. Dale, R. Withers, and A. Hill, Validation of DXA body composition estimates in obese men and women. Obes Silver Spring Md, avr, vol.17, issue.4, pp.821-827, 2009.

L. Micklesfield, J. Goedecke, M. Punyanitya, K. Wilson, and T. Kelly, Dual-Energy X- Ray Performs as Well as Clinical Computed Tomography for the Measurement of Visceral Fat. Obes Silver Spring Md, pp.1109-1123, 2012.

A. Taylor, H. Kuper, R. Varma, J. Wells, J. Bell et al., Validation of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Measures of Abdominal Fat by Comparison with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in an Indian Population, PLoS ONE, vol.13, issue.1
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0051042.s004

M. Bolanowski and B. Nilsson, Assessment of human body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. oct, vol.7, issue.5, pp.1029-1062, 2001.

E. Kamel, G. Mcneill, V. Wijk, and M. , Change in intra-abdominal adipose tissue volume during weight loss in obese men and women: correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometric measurements, International Journal of Obesity, vol.21, issue.2, pp.607-620, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800525

D. Hans, L. Genton, C. Pichard, and O. Slosman, Absorptiométrie biphotonique à rayons X et composition corporelle : mise au point, 2002.

G. Bray, J. Delany, J. Volaufova, D. Harsha, and C. Champagne, Prediction of body fat in 12-y-old African American and white children: evaluation of methods, Am J Clin Nutr. nov, vol.76, issue.5, pp.980-90, 2002.

H. Alemán-mateo, R. Huerta, J. Esparza-romero, R. Méndez, R. Urquidez et al., Body composition by the four-compartment model: validity of the BOD POD for assessing body fat in mexican elderly, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.74, issue.7, pp.830-836, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(1999)11:2<175::AID-AJHB5>3.0.CO;2-C

S. Smith, J. Lovejoy, F. Greenway, D. Ryan, L. De-la-bretonne et al., Contributions of total body fat, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments, and visceral adipose tissue to the metabolic complications of obesity, Metabolism, vol.50, issue.4, pp.425-460, 2001.
DOI : 10.1053/meta.2001.21693

J. Kuk, T. Church, S. Blair, and R. Ross, Measurement Site and the Association Between Visceral and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue With Metabolic Risk in Women, Obesity, vol.85, issue.7, pp.1336-1376, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/oby.2007.356

E. Thomas, N. Saeed, J. Hajnal, A. Brynes, A. Goldstone et al., Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat, J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md nov, vol.85, issue.5, pp.1778-85, 1985.

J. Machann, C. Thamer, B. Schnoedt, M. Haap, H. Haring et al., Standardized assessment of whole body adipose tissue topography by MRI, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.88, issue.4, pp.455-62, 2005.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpendo.0327.2001

K. Direk, M. Cecelja, W. Astle, P. Chowienczyk, T. Spector et al., The relationship between DXA-based and anthropometric measures of visceral fat and morbidity in women, BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, vol.363, issue.14, p.25, 2013.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMra0912063

P. Katzmarzyk, F. Greenway, S. Heymsfield, and C. Bouchard, Clinical utility and reproducibility of visceral adipose tissue measurements derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in white and African American adults, Obesity, vol.23, issue.11, pp.2221-2225, 2013.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800929

J. Giles, S. Ling, L. Ferrucci, S. Bartlett, R. Andersen et al., Abnormal body composition phenotypes in older rheumatoid arthritis patients: Association with disease characteristics and pharmacotherapies, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.84, issue.6, pp.807-822, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/art.23719

R. Westhovens, J. Nijs, V. Taelman, and J. Dequeker, Body composition in rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatology, vol.36, issue.4, pp.444-452, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/rheumatology/36.4.444

J. Walsmith and R. Roubenoff, Cachexia in rheumatoid arthritis, International Journal of Cardiology, vol.85, issue.1, pp.89-99, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-5273(02)00237-1

A. Elkan, I. Engvall, T. Cederholm, and I. Hafström, Rheumatoid cachexia, central obesity and malnutrition in patients with low-active rheumatoid arthritis: feasibility of anthropometry, Mini Nutritional Assessment and body composition techniques, European Journal of Nutrition, vol.16, issue.5, pp.315-337, 2009.
DOI : 10.2174/1573399810602040367

S. Challal, E. Minichiello, M. Boissier, and L. Semerano, Cachexia and adiposity in rheumatoid arthritis. Relevance for disease management and clinical outcomes, Joint Bone Spine, vol.83, issue.2, pp.127-160, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.04.010

J. Giles, M. Allison, R. Blumenthal, W. Post, A. Gelber et al., Abdominal adiposity in rheumatoid arthritis: Association with cardiometabolic risk factors and disease characteristics, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.19, issue.11, pp.3173-82, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/art.23033

E. Toussirot, E. Grandclément, B. Gaugler, F. Michel, D. Wendling et al., Serum adipokines and adipose tissue distribution in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. A comparative study, Frontiers in Immunology, vol.4, p.453, 2013.
DOI : 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00453

J. Giles, S. Bartlett, R. Andersen, K. Fontaine, and J. Bathon, Association of body composition with disability in rheumatoid arthritis: Impact of appendicular fat and lean tissue mass, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.61, issue.10, pp.1407-1422, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/gerona/61.1.72

H. Kramer, K. Fontaine, J. Bathon, and J. Giles, Muscle density in rheumatoid arthritis: Associations with disease features and functional outcomes, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.59, issue.Suppl 9, pp.2438-50, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/art.24110

H. Abouassi, K. Tune, B. Gilmore, L. Bateman, G. Mcdaniel et al., Adipose Depots, Not Disease-related Factors, Account for Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Established and Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis, The Journal of Rheumatology, vol.41, issue.10, pp.1974-1983, 2014.
DOI : 10.3899/jrheum.140224

A. Elkan, N. Håkansson, J. Frostegård, T. Cederholm, and I. Hafström, Rheumatoid cachexia is associated with dyslipidemia and low levels of atheroprotective natural antibodies against phosphorylcholine but not with dietary fat in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study, Arthritis Research & Therapy, vol.11, issue.2, p.37, 2009.
DOI : 10.1186/ar2643

U. Müller-ladner and E. Neumann, Rheumatoid arthritis: The multifaceted role of adiponectin in inflammatory joint disease, Nature Reviews Rheumatology, vol.21, issue.12, pp.659-60, 2009.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4468

B. Gálvez, S. Martín, N. Rodríguez, and C. , TNF-alpha Is Required for the Attraction of Mesenchymal Precursors to White Adipose Tissue in Ob/ob Mice, PLoS ONE, vol.30, issue.2, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0004444.s006

R. Roubenoff, R. Roubenoff, J. Cannon, J. Kehayias, H. Zhuang et al., Rheumatoid cachexia: cytokine-driven hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.93, issue.6, pp.2379-86, 1994.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI117244

J. Walsmith, L. Abad, J. Kehayias, and R. Roubenoff, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production is associated with less body cell mass in women with rheumatoid arthritis, J Rheumatol. janv, vol.31, issue.1, pp.23-32, 2004.

I. Engvall, B. Tengstrand, K. Brismar, and I. Hafström, Infliximab therapy increases body fat mass in early rheumatoid arthritis independently of changes in disease activity and levels of leptin and adiponectin: a randomised study over 21 months, Arthritis Research & Therapy, vol.12, issue.5, p.197, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/ar3169

S. Marcora, K. Chester, G. Mittal, A. Lemmey, and P. Maddison, Randomized phase 2 trial of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for cachexia in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, Am J Clin Nutr. déc, vol.84, issue.6, pp.1463-72, 2006.

G. Metsios, A. Stavropoulos-kalinoglou, K. Douglas, Y. Koutedakis, A. Nevill et al., Blockade of tumour necrosis factor-?? in rheumatoid arthritis: effects on components of rheumatoid cachexia, Rheumatology, vol.46, issue.12, pp.1824-1831, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/rheumatology/kem291

J. Serelis, M. Kontogianni, S. Katsiougiannis, M. Bletsa, M. Tektonidou et al., Effect of anti-TNF treatment on body composition and serum adiponectin levels of women with rheumatoid arthritis, Clinical Rheumatology, vol.38, issue.6, pp.795-802, 2008.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4468

É. Toussirot, L. Mourot, B. Dehecq, D. Wendling, É. Grandclément et al., TNF?? blockade for inflammatory rheumatic diseases is associated with a significant gain in android fat mass and has varying effects on adipokines: a 2-year prospective study, European Journal of Nutrition, vol.29, issue.Suppl 1, pp.951-61, 2014.
DOI : 10.2337/dc05-1801

A. Stavropoulos-kalinoglou, G. Metsios, V. Van-zanten, J. Nightingale, P. Kitas et al., Individualised aerobic and resistance exercise training improves cardiorespiratory fitness and reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.6, issue.Suppl 1, pp.1819-1844, 2013.
DOI : 10.1038/nrrheum.2010.105

S. Marcora, A. Lemmey, and P. Maddison, Can progressive resistance training reverse cachexia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Results of a pilot study, J Rheumatol. juin, vol.32, issue.6, pp.1031-1040, 2005.

B. Erhayiem, R. Dhingsa, C. Hawkey, and V. Subramanian, Ratio of Visceral to Subcutaneous Fat Area Is a Biomarker of Complicated Crohn's Disease, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol.9, issue.8, pp.684-687, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cgh.2011.05.005

J. Jahnsen, J. Falch, P. Mowinckel, and E. Aadland, Body composition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study, The American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.106, issue.7, pp.1556-62, 2003.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00144.x

D. Holt, B. Strauss, K. Lau, and G. Moore, Body composition analysis using abdominal scans from routine clinical care in patients with Crohn???s Disease, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.1, issue.3, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05896.x

D. Franchimont, R. S. Gustot, T. Quertinmont, E. Toubouti, Y. Gervy et al., Impact of Infliximab on Serum Leptin Levels in Patients with Crohn???s Disease, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.90, issue.6, pp.3510-3516, 2005.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2004-1222

D. Malesci, A. Niglio, G. Mennillo, R. Buono, G. Valentini et al., High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Clinical Rheumatology, vol.82, issue.Suppl 3, pp.710-714, 2007.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.24.9.1297

E. Toussirot, F. Michel, and D. Wendling, Bone density, ultrasound measurements and body composition in early ankylosing spondylitis, Rheumatology, vol.40, issue.8, pp.882-890, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/rheumatology/40.8.882

E. Maghraoui, A. Borderie, D. Cherruau, B. Edouard, R. Dougados et al., Osteoporosis, body composition, and bone turnover in ankylosing spondylitis, J Rheumatol. oct, vol.26, issue.10, pp.2205-2214, 1999.

G. Plasqui, A. Boonen, P. Geusens, E. Kroot, M. Starmans et al., Physical activity and body composition in patients with ankylosing spondylitis):101?7. spondyloarthropathy receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment, Arthritis Care Res. janv J Rheumatol. mai, vol.6435, issue.15, pp.855-61, 2008.

I. Hmamouchi, C. Roux, S. Paternotte, S. Kolta, M. Dougados et al., Early Increase of Abdominal Adiposity in Patients with Spondyloarthritis Receiving Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor-?? Treatment, The Journal of Rheumatology, vol.41, issue.6, pp.1112-1119, 2014.
DOI : 10.3899/jrheum.131150

F. Arnett, S. Edworthy, D. Bloch, D. Mcshane, J. Fries et al., The american rheumatism association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.143, issue.3, pp.315-339, 1988.
DOI : 10.1002/art.1780310302

C. Glüer, R. Eastell, D. Reid, D. Felsenberg, C. Roux et al., Association of Five Quantitative Ultrasound Devices and Bone Densitometry With Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures in a Population-Based Sample: The OPUS Study, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol.17, issue.Suppl 1, pp.782-93, 2004.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-128-10-199805150-00001

M. Prevoo, M. Van-'t-hof, H. Kuper, M. Van-leeuwen, L. Van-de-putte et al., Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.20, issue.1, pp.44-52, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/art.1780281203

F. Wolfe, S. Kleinheksel, M. Cathey, D. Hawley, P. Spitz et al., The clinical value of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Functional Disability Index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, J Rheumatol. oct, vol.15, issue.10, pp.1480-1488, 1988.

E. Delgado-frías, M. González-gay, J. Muñiz-montes, G. Rodríguez-bethencourt, M. González-díaz et al., Relationship of abdominal adiposity and body composition with endothelial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Clin Exp Rheumatol. août, vol.33, issue.4, pp.516-539, 2015.

M. Inaba, K. Tanaka, H. Goto, S. Sakai, S. Yamada et al., Independent association of increased trunk fat with increased arterial stiffening in postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis, J Rheumatol. févr, vol.34, issue.2, pp.290-295, 2007.

M. Dougados, A. Etcheto, A. Molto, S. Alonso, S. Bouvet et al., Clinical presentation of patients suffering from recent onset chronic inflammatory back pain suggestive of spondyloarthritis: The DESIR cohort, Joint Bone Spine, vol.82, issue.5, pp.345-51, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.02.006

B. Kaess, A. Pedley, J. Massaro, J. Murabito, U. Hoffmann et al., The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat, a metric of body fat distribution, is a unique correlate of cardiometabolic risk, Diabetologia, vol.34, issue.Suppl 2, pp.2622-2652, 2012.
DOI : 10.2337/dc10-1364

D. Lacaille, E. Sayre, and M. Abrahamowicz, Improvement in Mortality in RA Compared to the General Population -Closing the Mortality Gap ACR Meeting Abstracts [Internet]. [cité 15 mai 2016]; Disponible sur: http://acrabstracts.org/abstract/improvement-in- mortality-in-ra-compared-to-the-general-population-closing-the-mortality-gap

M. Dougados and . Sp0034, SP0034???Eular Points to Consider for Reporting, Detecting and Screening Risk Factors of Selected Comorbidities in Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases in Clinical Practice, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.74, issue.Suppl 2, pp.9-9, 2015.
DOI : 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6756