. Bouchillon, . Smart, and . Usa, 2 135 BGN -IU de patients hospitalisés, 9% K. pneumoniae : 14,5%, P. mirabilis : 6,4%, E. cloacae : 4,6%, autres : 1,2% P. aeruginosa, p.6, 2009.

I. Iu-simples-et-725, /. Iu, /. Iu-compliquée-63, /. Iu, K. Iu-compliquée et al., pneumoniae : 3,5 / 5% Proteus spp

F. Caron, Entérobactéries urinaires : évolution des recommandations. 18èmes Journées Nationales d'Infectiologie. Saint-Malo. 21-23 juin 2017

P. Coloby and S. Bart, Synthèse des guidelines de l'EAU, face aux particularités françaises. Disponible sur www.urofrance.org. Association française d'urologie, 2012.

V. Smelov, K. Naber, and T. E. Johansen, Improved Classification of Urinary Tract Infection: Future Considerations. European Urology Supplement 15 Disponible sur http, pp.71-80, 2016.

T. Johansen, H. Botto, M. Cek, M. Grabe, P. Tenke et al., Critical review of current definitions of urinary tract infections and proposal of an EAU/ESIU classification system, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.38, pp.64-70, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.009

D. Cueto, M. Aliaga, L. Alós, J. Canut, A. Los-arcos et al., Executive summary of the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection: Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC) Enferm Infec Microbiol Clin, 201622.

L. Galatti, A. Sessa, G. Mazzaglia, S. Pecchioli, A. Rossi et al., Antibiotic prescribing for acute and recurrent cystitis in primary care: a 4 year descriptive study, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.57, issue.3, pp.551-557, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkl008

C. Ferri, F. Marchetti, J. Nickel, and K. Naber, Prevalence and Clinical Management of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in Italy: a Prospective Multicenter Epidemiological Study in Urological Outpatients, Journal of Chemotherapy, vol.20, issue.4, pp.601-607, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.47.2.816-819.2003

A. Stewardship, European Urology supplements, Disponible sur www.europeanurology.com, pp.81-88, 2016.

. Geerlings and P. Van-nieuwkoop, SWAB Guidelines for Antimicrobial Therapy of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in Adults, Disponible sur www.swab.nl. Geerlings SE. Clinical Presentations and Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infections. Microbiol Spectr, vol.15, issue.45, 2013.

V. Spoorenberg, J. Prins, B. Opmeer, T. De-reijke, M. Hulscher et al., The additional value of blood cultures in patients with complicated urinary tract infections, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol.20, issue.8, pp.476-479, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/1469-0691.12491

D. Reddy, A. Chetwood, M. Saafan, and M. Emara, Complicated urinary tract infections : highlights on diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment, European Medical Journal. EMJ Urol, vol.3, issue.1, pp.57-61, 2015.

M. Melekos and K. Naber, Complicated urinary tract infections, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.15, issue.4, pp.247-56, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-8579(00)00168-0

F. Wagenlehner and K. Naber, Current challenges in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and prostatitis, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol.12, pp.67-80, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01398.x

F. Wagenlehner, B. Wullt, and G. Perletti, Antimicrobials in urogenital infections, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.38, pp.3-10, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.004

F. Wagenlehner and K. Naber, Treatment of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Presence and Future, European Urology, vol.49, issue.2, pp.235-279, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2005.12.017

L. Nicolle and *. Canada-guidelines-committee, Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in Adults, Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, vol.16, issue.6, pp.349-60, 2005.
DOI : 10.1155/2005/385768

M. Bader, J. Hawboldt, and A. Brooks, Management of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance, Postgraduate Medicine, vol.10, issue.5, pp.7-15, 2010.
DOI : 10.1517/14656560902811811

M. Bader, M. Loeb, and A. Brooks, An update on the management of urinary tract infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance, Postgraduate Medicine, vol.60, issue.9, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/nyas.12010

T. Mazzulli, Diagnosis and management of simple and complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) Can

L. Nicolle, Urinary Tract Infections in Special Populations, Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, vol.28, issue.1, pp.91-104, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.idc.2013.09.006

H. Vigil and D. Hickling, Urinary tract infection in the neurogenic bladder, Transl Androl Urol, 2016.

K. Gupta, T. Hooton, K. Naber, B. Wullt, R. Colgan et al., International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: A, update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2010.

R. Colgan and M. Williams, Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, Am Fam Physician, vol.84, issue.7, pp.771-777, 2011.

P. Lichtenberger and T. Hooton, Complicated urinary tract infections, Current Infectious Disease Reports, vol.46, issue.6, 2008.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-147-5-200709040-00002

E. Dielubanza, D. Mazur, and A. Schaeffer, Management of Non-catheter-associated Complicated Urinary Tract Infection, Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, vol.28, issue.1, pp.121-155, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.idc.2013.10.005

B. Foxman, The epidemiology of urinary tract infection, Nature Reviews Urology, vol.8, issue.12, pp.653-60, 2010.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1307.070094

J. Johnson, Definitions of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection and Pyelonephritis, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.64, issue.3, p.390, 2016.
DOI : 10.1093/cid/ciw712

G. Garza-sáinz and V. Osornio-sánchez, Management of complicated urinary tract infections in a referral center in Mexico, Int Urol Nephrol, vol.47, issue.2, pp.229-262, 2015.

C. Tan and M. Chlebicki, Urinary tract infections in adults, Singapore Medical Journal, vol.52, issue.09, pp.485-90, 2016.
DOI : 10.1086/427507

S. Yamamoto, Prevention and treatment of complicated urinary tract infection, Urological Science, vol.27, issue.4, pp.186-189, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urols.2016.07.001

D. Elkharrat, L. Arrouy, F. Benhamou, A. Dray, J. Grenet et al., ??pid??miologie de l???infection urinaire communautaire de l???adulte en France, Les infections urinaires [Internet], 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-2-287-48617-3_1

L. Rossignol, S. Vaux, S. Maugat, A. Blake, R. Barlier et al., Monographies en urologie) Disponible sur: http://link.springer.com/chapter1007/978-2-287- 48617-3_1 41 Incidence of urinary tract infections and antibiotic resistance in the outpatient setting: a cross-sectional study, Infection, vol.10, issue.451, pp.1-20, 2017.

B. Foxman, R. Barlow, D. Arcy, H. Gillespie, B. Sobel et al., Urinary Tract Infection, Annals of Epidemiology, vol.10, issue.8, pp.509-524, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1047-2797(00)00072-7

L. Nicolle, The Paradigm Shift to Non-Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, Pathogens, vol.9, issue.2, 2016.
DOI : 10.1093/cid/cis639

D. Mouy, D. Fabre, R. Cavallo, J. Arzouni, J. Baynat et al., Infections urinaires communautaires de??la??femme de??15 ????65??ans: sensibilit?? aux??antibiotiques de??E.??coli en??fonction des??ant??c??dents: ??tude AFORCOPI???BIO 2003, M??decine et Maladies Infectieuses, vol.37, issue.9, pp.594-602, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.medmal.2006.11.007

I. Katsarolis, G. Poulakou, S. Athanasia, J. Kourea-kremastinou, N. Lambri et al., Acute uncomplicated cystitis: from surveillance data to a rationale for empirical treatment, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.35, issue.1, pp.62-69, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.08.018

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00556364

L. Qiao, S. Chen, Y. Yang, K. Zhang, B. Zheng et al., Characteristics of urinary tract infection pathogens and their in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in China: data from a multicenter study Chronological change of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections, Plos One. Bmj Open. J Infect Chemother, vol.10, issue.175, pp.142672-142719, 2011.

C. Kiffer, C. Mendes, C. Oplustil, and J. Sampaio, Antibiotic resistance and trend of urinary pathogens in general outpatients from a major urban city, International braz j urol, vol.345, issue.256-61, pp.42-48, 2007.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa011265

S. Bouchillon, R. Badal, D. Hoban, and S. Hawser, Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Inpatient Urinary Tract Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacilli in the United States: Results from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) Program: 2009???2011, Clinical Therapeutics, vol.35, issue.6, pp.872-879, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.03.022

J. Karlowsky, P. Lagacé-wiens, P. Simner, M. Decorby, H. Adam et al., Antimicrobial Resistance in Urinary Tract Pathogens in Canada from 2007 to 2009: CANWARD Surveillance Study, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.55, issue.7, pp.3169-75, 2011.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00066-11

Y. Neuzillet, K. Naber, G. Schito, L. Gualco, and H. Botto, French results of the ARESC Study: Clinical aspects and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in female patients with cystitis. Implications for empiric therapy, M??decine et Maladies Infectieuses, vol.42, issue.2, pp.66-75, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.medmal.2011.07.005

G. Schito, K. Naber, H. Botto, J. Palou, T. Mazzei et al., The ARESC study: an international survey on the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens involved in uncomplicated urinary tract infections, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.34, issue.5, pp.407-420, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.04.012

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00556347

G. Kahlmeter and H. Poulsen, Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Europe: the ECO??SENS study revisited, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.39, issue.1, pp.45-51, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.013

M. Etienne, E. Lefebvre, N. Frebourg, H. Hamel, M. Pestel-caron et al., Antibiotic treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis based on rapid urine test and local epidemiology: lessons from a primary care series, Bmc Infect Dis, vol.14, issue.2, 2004.

E. Stefaniuk, U. Suchocka, K. Bosacka, and W. Hryniewicz, Recommendations for the empirical treatment of complicated urinary tract infections using surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance in the Netherlands):e86634. 59. Consumption of antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial resistance among medically important bacteria in The Netherlands in 2013 Etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens responsible for community-acquired urinary tract infections in Poland, Plos One. Disponible sur www.swab.nl. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, vol.9, issue.358, pp.1363-1372, 2014.

T. Matsumoto, R. Hamasuna, K. Ishikawa, S. Takahashi, M. Yasuda et al., Nationwide survey of antibacterial activity against clinical isolates from urinary tract infections in Japan (2008), International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.37, issue.3, pp.210-218, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.10.032

K. Ishikawa, R. Hamasuna, S. Uehara, M. Yasuda, S. Yamamoto et al., Japanese nationwide surveillance in 2011 of antibacterial susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates from complicated urinary??tract infection cases, Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, vol.21, issue.9, pp.623-656, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.05.014

L. Filiatrault, R. Mckay, D. Patrick, D. Roscoe, G. Quan et al., Conclusions:, CJEM, vol.2, issue.05, pp.295-305, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0196-4399(02)80035-6

M. Siguier, P. Sellier, and J. Bergmann, BK-virus infections: A literature review, M??decine et Maladies Infectieuses, vol.42, issue.5, pp.181-188, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.medmal.2012.04.011

F. Caron, Prise en charge des infections urinaires communautaires de l???adulte??: ce qui a chang??. ?? propos des recommandations??2008 de l???Agence fran??aise de s??curit?? sanitaire des produits de sant?? (Afssaps), La Presse M??dicale, vol.39, issue.1
DOI : 10.1016/j.lpm.2009.06.007

A. Rogers, B. Sidjabat, H. Paterson, and D. , Rapport d'activité 2015 Escherichia coli O25b-ST131: a pandemic, multiresistant, community-associated strain, www.onerba.org. J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.67, issue.661, pp.1-14, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkq415

URL : https://academic.oup.com/jac/article-pdf/66/1/1/2156298/dkq415.pdf

J. Pitout and K. Laupland, Extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging public-health concern, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.8, issue.3, pp.159-66, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70041-0

. Europe, Annual report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net)

G. Schmiemann, I. Gágyor, E. Hummers-pradier, J. V. Bleidorn, E. Temkin et al., Resistance profiles of urinary tract infections in general practice - an observational study, BMC Urology, vol.50, issue.2, pp.33-71289, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00120-011-2512-z

C. Costelloe, C. Metcalfe, A. Lovering, D. Mant, A. Hay et al., Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ, vol.340, issue.may18 2, pp.2096-73195, 2010.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.c2096

M. Cizman, A. Orazem, V. Krizan-hergouth, and J. Kolman, Correlation between increased consumption of fluoroquinolones in outpatients and resistance of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.47, issue.4, p.502, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/47.4.502

L. Ashkenazi-hoffnung, N. Melamed, A. Ben-haroush, G. Livni, J. Amir et al., The Association of Intrapartum Antibiotic Exposure With the Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Infantile Late-Onset Serious Bacterial Infections, Clinical Pediatrics, vol.353, issue.6, pp.827-860, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07128-1

B. Gottesman, Y. Carmeli, P. Shitrit, M. Chowers, M. Ferech et al., Isolated from Urine by Culture in a Community Setting, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.49, issue.6, pp.869-75, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/605530

S. Hillier, Z. Roberts, F. Dunstan, C. Butler, A. Howard et al., Prior antibiotics and risk of antibiotic-resistant community-acquired urinary tract infection: a case???control study, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.60, issue.1, pp.92-101, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkm141

K. Shigehara, T. Uchibayashi, E. Maeda, and M. Namiki, in patients with complicated cystitis: Analysis of risk factors, International Journal of Urology, vol.17, issue.10, pp.808-820, 2009.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1308.070071

R. Colodner, W. Rock, B. Chazan, N. Keller, N. Guy et al., Risk Factors for the Development of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Nonhospitalized Patients, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol.23, issue.3, pp.163-170, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s10096-003-1084-2

M. Osthoff, S. Mcguinness, A. Wagen, and D. Eisen, Urinary tract infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria: identification of risk factors and outcome predictors in an Australian tertiary referral hospital, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.34, pp.79-83, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.03.006

O. Azap, H. Arslan, K. Serefhano?lu, S. Colako?lu, H. Erdo?an et al., Risk factors for extended-spectrum ??-lactamase positivity in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol.16, issue.2, pp.147-51, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02941.x

A. Pallett and K. Hand, Complicated urinary tract infections: practical solutions for the treatment of multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.65, issue.Supplement 3, pp.25-33, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkq298

C. Kiffer, E. Camargo, S. Shimakura, P. Ribeiro, T. Bailey et al., A spatial approach for the epidemiology of antibiotic use and resistance in community-based studies: the emergence of urban clusters of Escherichia coli quinolone resistance in Sao Paulo Risk factors for community-acquired urinary tract infection due to quinolone-resistant E. coli, Brasil. Int J Heal Geogr. Infection, vol.10, issue.361, pp.1741-1746, 2008.

E. Schaeffer, Re: Risk Factors for Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia Coli in Adults With Community-Onset Febrile Urinary Tract Infection, The Journal of Urology, vol.187, issue.1, p.153, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2011.09.119

L. Johnson, A. Sabel, W. Burman, R. Everhart, M. Rome et al., Emergence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Outpatient Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.121, issue.10, pp.876-84, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.04.039

H. Arslan, O. Azap, O. Ergönül, and F. Timurkaynak, Risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli strains isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Turkey, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.56, issue.5, pp.914-922, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dki344

J. Ena, C. Amador, C. Martinez, and V. Ortiz-de-la-tabla, Risk Factors for Acquisition of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Ciprofloxacin Resistant Escherichia Coli, The Journal of Urology, vol.153, issue.1, pp.117-137, 1995.
DOI : 10.1097/00005392-199501000-00040

A. Vellinga, A. Murphy, B. Hanahoe, K. Bennett, and M. Cormican, Risk factors for fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in adults with community-onset febrile urinary tract infection A multilevel analysis of trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin prescribing and resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in general practice, J Antimicrob Chemother. J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.66, issue.657, pp.650-656, 2010.

G. Kahlmeter, P. Menday, and O. Cars, Non-hospital antimicrobial usage and resistance in community-acquired Escherichia coli urinary tract infection, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.52, issue.6, pp.1005-1015, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkg488

F. Caron, V. Wehrle, and E. M. , The comeback of trimethoprim in France, M??decine et Maladies Infectieuses, vol.47, issue.4, pp.253-60, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.12.001

J. Burchall, L. Elwell, and M. Fling, Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Trimethoprim, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.4, issue.2, pp.246-54, 1982.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/4.2.246

P. Huovinen, Increases in Rates of Resistance to Trimethoprim, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.24, issue.Supplement_1, pp.63-66, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/24.Supplement_1.S63

G. Eliopoulos and P. Huovinen, Resistance to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.32, issue.11, pp.1608-1622, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/320532

R. Then, Mechanisms of Resistance to Trimethoprim, the Sulfonamides, and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.4, issue.2, pp.261-270, 1982.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/4.2.261

. Sköld, Resistance to trimethoprim and sulfonamides, Vet Res, vol.32, pp.3-4261, 2001.

D. Livermore, P. Stephens, J. Weinberg, A. Johnson, T. Gifford et al., Regional variation in ampicillin and trimethoprim resistance in Escherichia coli in England from 1990 to 1997, in relation to antibacterial prescribing, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.46, issue.3, pp.411-22146, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/46.3.411

P. Brown, A. Freeman, B. Foxman, A. Vellinga, S. Tansey et al., Isolates in Michigan, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.34, issue.8, pp.1061-1067, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/339491

. Group, Prevalence and risk factor analysis of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli infection among emergency department patients with pyelonephritis, Clin Infect Dis, vol.47, issue.9, pp.1150-1158, 2008.

M. Duffy, V. Hernandez-santiago, G. Orange, P. Davey, and B. Guthrie, Trimethoprim prescription and subsequent resistance in childhood urinary infection: multilevel modelling analysis, British Journal of General Practice, vol.63, issue.609, pp.238-243, 2013.
DOI : 10.3399/bjgp13X665198

URL : http://bjgp.org/content/bjgp/63/609/e238.full.pdf

J. Metlay, B. Strom, and D. Asch, Prior antimicrobial drug exposure: a risk factor for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant urinary tract infections, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.51, issue.4, pp.963-70, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkg146

URL : https://academic.oup.com/jac/article-pdf/51/4/963/2231748/dkg146.pdf

D. Steinke, R. Seaton, G. Phillips, T. Macdonald, and P. Davey, Prior trimethoprim use and trimethoprim-resistant urinary tract infection: a nested case-control study with multivariate analysis for other risk factors, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.47, issue.6, pp.781-788, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/47.6.781

L. Gangcuangco, M. Alejandria, K. Henson, L. Alfaraz, R. Ata et al., Prevalence and risk factors for trimethoprim???sulfamethoxazole-resistant Escherichia coli among women with acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in a developing country, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.34, pp.55-60, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.02.022

R. Colgan, J. Johnson, M. Kuskowski, and K. Gupta, Risk Factors for Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Resistance in Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.52, issue.3, pp.846-51, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01200-07

W. Mcisaac, T. Mazzulli, J. Permaul, R. Moineddin, and D. Low, Community-Acquired Antibiotic Resistance in Urinary Isolates from Adult Women in Canada, Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, vol.17, issue.6, pp.337-377, 2006.
DOI : 10.1155/2006/791313

A. Howard, J. Magee, K. Fitzgerald, and F. Dunstan, Factors associated with antibiotic resistance in coliform organisms from community urinary tract infection in Wales, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.47, issue.3, pp.305-318, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/47.3.305

L. Nicolle, A Practical Guide to Antimicrobial Management of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection, Drugs & Aging, vol.21, issue.4
DOI : 10.2165/00002512-200118040-00002

F. Caron and E. M. , Emergence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Outpatient Urinary Escherichia Coli Isolates, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.123, issue.3, p.13, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.08.024

J. Anderson, R. Lacey, E. Lewis, and M. Sellin, Failure to demonstrate an advantage in combining sulphamethoxazole with trimethoprim in an experimental model of urinary infection, HAS (Haute Autorité de Santé). SELEXID (pivmecillinam) antibiotique apparenté aux bétalactamines, pp.619-641, 1974.
DOI : 10.1136/jcp.27.8.619

T. Disponible-sur-https-hooton, P. Roberts, M. Cox, and A. Stapleton, has-sante.fr. 2013 avril Comité scientifique specialisé temporaire ANSM : Evaluation du traitement antibiotique des infections urinaires Disponible sur http://ansm Voided Midstream Urine Culture and Acute Cystitis in Premenopausal Women, sante.fr. N Engl J Med, vol.122, issue.36920, pp.1883-91, 2013.

S. Française-de-microbiologie, J. Ca-sfm-comité-de-l-'antibiogramme-de-la-société-française-de-microbiologie-barth, S. Misra, K. Aakre, M. Langlois et al., Disponible sur http://www.sfm-microbiologie.org Why are clinical practice guidelines not followed? Why don't physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement, Clin Chem Lab Med. Cabana MD JAMA, vol.125, issue.28215, pp.1133-1142, 1999.

J. Bachimont, J. Cogneau, and A. Letourmy, Pourquoi les médecins généralistes n'observent-ils pas les recommandations de bonnes pratiques cliniques ? L'exemple du diabète de type 2, Sci Sociales Santé, vol.24, issue.2, pp.75-103, 2006.
DOI : 10.3406/sosan.2006.1681

URL : http://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/sosan_0294-0337_2006_num_24_2_1681.pdf

S. Mickan, A. Burls, and P. Glasziou, Patterns of 'leakage' in the utilisation of clinical guidelines: a systematic review, Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol.87, issue.1032, pp.670-679, 1032.
DOI : 10.1136/pgmj.2010.116012

B. Kent, A. Hutchinson, and E. Fineout-overholt, Getting Evidence into Practice-Understanding Knowledge Translation to Achieve Practice Change, Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, vol.17, issue.4, pp.183-188, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ANS.0000341409.17424.7f

S. Natsch and J. Van-der-meer, The role of clinical guidelines, policies and stewardship, Journal of Hospital Infection, vol.53, issue.3, pp.172-178, 2003.
DOI : 10.1053/jhin.2002.1372

A. Bardsley, Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections in older people, Nursing Older People, vol.29, issue.2, pp.32-40, 2017.
DOI : 10.7748/nop.2017.e884

D. Kaye, Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in the Geriatric Population, Current Geriatrics Reports, vol.3, issue.Suppl1, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10050.x

L. Mody and M. Juthani-mehta, Urinary Tract Infections in Older Women, JAMA, vol.311, issue.8, pp.844-54, 2014.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2014.303

R. Raz, Urinary Tract Infection in Postmenopausal Women, Korean Journal of Urology, vol.52, issue.12, pp.801-809, 2011.
DOI : 10.4111/kju.2011.52.12.801

I. Eriksson, Y. Gustafson, L. Fagerström, and B. Olofsson, Prevalence and factors associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in very old women, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol.50, issue.2, pp.132-137, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.archger.2009.02.013

Z. Arinzon, S. Shabat, A. Peisakh, and Y. Berner, Clinical presentation of urinary tract infection (UTI) differs with aging in women, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol.55, issue.1, pp.145-152, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.archger.2011.07.012

A. Takahashi, S. Kanamaru, H. Kurazono, Y. Kunishima, T. Tsukamoto et al., Escherichia coli Isolates Associated with Uncomplicated and Complicated Cystitis and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Possess Similar Phylogenies, Virulence Genes, and O-Serogroup Profiles, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.44, issue.12, pp.4589-92, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.02070-06

URL : http://jcm.asm.org/content/44/12/4589.full.pdf

M. Tabasi, M. Karam, M. Habibi, E. Mostafavi, and S. Bouzari, Genotypic Characterization of Virulence Factors in Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Acute Cystitis, Pyelonephritis and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, vol.10, issue.12, pp.1-07, 2016.
DOI : 10.7860/JCDR/2016/21379.9009

U. Molander, L. Arvidsson, I. Milsom, and T. Sandberg, A longitudinal cohort study of elderly women with urinary tract infections, Maturitas, vol.34, issue.2, pp.127-158, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5122(99)00102-4

S. Ishihara, S. Yokoi, M. Ito, S. Kobayashi, and T. Deguchi, Pathologic significance of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in complicated urinary tract infections, Urology, vol.57, issue.1, pp.17-20, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00883-9

J. Peterson, S. Kaul, M. Khashab, A. Fisher, and J. Kahn, Identification and Pretherapy Susceptibility of Pathogens in Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection or Acute Pyelonephritis Enrolled in a Clinical Study in the United States from November 2004 Through April 2006, Clinical Therapeutics, vol.29, issue.10, pp.2215-2236, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.10.008

H. Nguyen, R. Hurwitz, W. Defoor, E. Minevich, A. Mcadam et al., Trimethoprim In Vitro Antibacterial Activity is Not Increased by Adding Sulfamethoxazole for Pediatric Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection, The Journal of Urology, vol.184, issue.1, pp.305-315, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.084

W. Brumfitt and R. Pursell, Double-blind Trial to Compare Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Co-trimoxazole, and Trimethoprim in Treatment of Urinary Infection, BMJ, vol.2, issue.5815, pp.673-679, 1972.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.2.5815.673

R. Lacey, V. Lord, H. Gunasekera, P. Leiberman, and D. Luxton, COMPARISON OF TRIMETHOPRIM ALONE WITH TRIMETHOPRIM SULPHAMETHOXAZOLE IN THE TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY AND URINARY INFECTIONS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO SELECTION OF TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE, The Lancet, vol.315, issue.8181, pp.1270-1273, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(80)91732-8

A. Kasanen and H. Sundquist, Trimethoprim Alone in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections: Eight Years of Experience in Finland, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.4, issue.2, pp.358-65, 1982.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/4.2.358

M. Minassian, D. Lewis, D. Chattopadhyay, B. Bovill, G. Duckworth et al., A comparison between single-dose fosfomycin trometamol (Monuril??) and a 5-day course of trimethoprim in the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.10, issue.1, pp.39-47, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-8579(98)00021-1

R. Bailey, A. Smith, B. Peddie, and P. General, Lomefloxacin compared with trimethoprim for the treatment of women with cystitis, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.3, issue.2, pp.129-161, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0924-8579(93)90024-Y

R. Spencer and T. Cole, Ofloxacin versus trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in general practice, Br J Clin Pract, vol.46, issue.1, pp.30-33, 1992.

E. Osterberg, H. Aberg, H. Hallander, A. Kallner, and A. Lundin, Efficacy of Single-Dose versus Seven-Day Trimethoprim Treatment of Cystitis in Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Study, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.161, issue.5, pp.942-949, 1990.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/161.5.942

W. Stamm, G. Counts, M. Mckevitt, M. Turck, and K. Holmes, Urinary Prophylaxis with Trimethoprim and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole: Efficacy, Influence on the Natural History of Recurrent Bacteriuria, and Cost Control, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.4, issue.2, pp.450-455, 1982.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/4.2.450

R. Svensson, P. Larsson, and K. Lincoln, Low Dose Trimethoprim Prophylaxis in Long Term Control of Chronic Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection, Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.92, issue.2, pp.139-181, 1982.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-92-6-770

D. Dibbern and A. Montanaro, Allergies to sulfonamide antibiotics and sulfur-containing drugs, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, vol.100, issue.2, pp.91-100, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60415-2

S. Pathak and B. Power, Bilateral acute anterior uveitis as a side effect of trimethoprim, Eye, vol.109, issue.2, pp.252-255, 2007.
DOI : 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080010069035

N. Mortimer, M. Bermingham, S. Chapple, and M. Sladden, Fatal adverse drug reaction to trimethoprim

G. Das, M. Bailey, and J. Wickham, Drug points: Toxic epidermal necrolysis and trimethoprim, BMJ, vol.296, issue.6636
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.296.6636.1604-e

URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2545991/pdf

O. Arola, R. Peltonen, and T. Rossi, Arthritis, uveitis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by trimethoprim):1102. 158. Hughes BR, Holt P j. a., Marks R. Trimethoprim associated fixed drug eruption, Lancet. Br J Dermatol, vol.351, issue.1162, pp.241-243, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79382-x

J. Kristinsson, O. Hannesson, O. Sveinsson, and H. Thorleifsson, Bilateral anterior uveitis and retinal haemorrhages after administration of trimethoprim, Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, vol.109, issue.3, pp.314-319, 1997.
DOI : 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080010069035

N. Gilroy, T. Gottlieb, P. Spring, O. Peiris, M. Tilden et al., Trimethoprim-induced aseptic meningitis and uveitis Systemic sulfonamides as a cause of bilateral, anterior uveitis, Lancet. Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill, vol.350, issue.1091, pp.112-16167, 1960.

B. Batchelor, D. Crook, T. Jones, and I. Bowler, Impact of guidelines for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection on trimethoprim susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.49, issue.1, pp.223-227, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/49.1.223

M. Sundqvist, P. Geli, D. Andersson, M. Sjölund-karlsson, A. Runehagen et al., Little evidence for reversibility of trimethoprim resistance after a drastic reduction in trimethoprim use, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.65, issue.2, pp.350-60, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkp387

K. Gupta and W. Stamm, Outcomes associated with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) therapy in TMP/SMX resistant community-acquired UTI, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.19, issue.6, pp.554-560, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-8579(02)00104-8

V. Wehrlé, Triméthoprime et infections urinaires : activité bactériostatique et bactéricide du triméthoprime comparées au sulfaméthoxazole vis-à-vis d'une collection de souches de E. coli

W. Brumfitt and J. Hamilton-miller, Pivmecillinam bei komplizierten, auf herk??mmliche Therapie nicht ansprechenden Harnwegsinfektionen, Infection, vol.5, issue.3, pp.149-52, 1982.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01640765

L. Nicolle, K. Madsen, G. Debeeck, E. Blochlinger, N. Borrild et al., Three days of Pivmecillinam or Norfloxacin for Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Urinary Infection in Women, Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.30, issue.1, pp.487-92, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.1992.00400180091014

L. Nicolle, Pivmecillinam in the treatment of urinary tract infections, J Antimicrob Chemother, 2000.

S. Ferry, S. Holm, H. Stenlund, R. Lundholm, and T. Monsen, Clinical and bacteriological outcome of different doses and duration of pivmecillinam compared with placebo therapy of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women: The LUTIW project, Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, vol.52, issue.2, pp.49-57, 2007.
DOI : 10.2165/00003495-199100424-00005

L. Bjerrum, B. Gahrn-hansen, and P. Grinsted, Pivmecillinam versus sulfamethizole for short-term treatment of uncomplicated acute cystitis in general practice: A randomized controlled trial, Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, vol.10, issue.1, pp.6-11, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00737.x

W. Graninger, Pivmecillinam?therapy of choice for lower urinary tract infection, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.22, issue.2, pp.73-81, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-8579(03)00235-8

C. Duployez, C. Loiez, C. Cattoen, D. Descamps, F. Wallet et al., In vitro susceptibility to mecillinam of Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urine of pregnant women, M??decine et Maladies Infectieuses, vol.46, issue.8, pp.436-477, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.07.007

O. Kelly, F. Kavanagh, S. Manecksha, R. Thornhill, J. Fennell et al., Characteristics of gram-negative urinary tract infections caused by extended spectrum beta lactamases: pivmecillinam as a treatment option within South Dublin, Ireland, Bmc Infect Dis, vol.16, issue.1, p.620, 2016.

F. Jansåker, N. Frimodt-møller, I. Sjögren, D. Knudsen, and J. , Clinical and bacteriological effects of pivmecillinam for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae in urinary tract infections, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.69, issue.3
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkt404

E. Titelman, A. Iversen, M. Kalin, and C. Giske, Efficacy of pivmecillinam for treatment of lower urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum ?-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

K. Thomas, M. Weinbren, M. Warner, N. Woodford, and D. Livermore, Activity of mecillinam against ESBL producers in vitro, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.57, issue.2, pp.367-375, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dki451

N. Brenwald, J. Andrews, and A. Fraise, Activity of mecillinam against AmpC ??-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.58, issue.1, pp.223-227, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkl198

M. Granlund, E. Landgren, and C. Henning, Pivmecillinam in Treatment of Staphylococcus saprophyticus Urinary Tract Infections, Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.22, issue.1, pp.65-74, 1983.
DOI : 10.1159/000221942

M. Kresken, B. Körber-irrgang, and K. Naber, In-vitro activity of mecillinam against urine isolates of Escherichia coli from outpatient departments in Germany Public Health England. Management of infection guidance for primary care for consultation and local adaptation, Disponible sur: www.gov.uk. 184. Reffert JL, Smith WJ. Fosfomycin for the treatment of resistant gram-negative bacterial infections, pp.243-250, 2017.

A. Michalopoulos, I. Livaditis, and V. Gougoutas, The revival of fosfomycin, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.15, issue.11, pp.732-739, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.07.007

G. Zhanel, A. Walkty, and J. Karlowsky, Fosfomycin: A First-Line Oral Therapy for Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis, 2016 :2082693. 187. Silver LL. Fosfomycin: Mechanism and Resistance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 2017.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2014.12842

M. Tasbakan, O. Sipahi, T. Yamazhan, S. Aydemir, and S. Ulusoy, Fosfomycin in the treatment of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli-related lower urinary tract infections, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.7, issue.291, pp.62-67, 2007.

L. Qiao, B. Zheng, S. Chen, Y. Yang, K. Zhang et al., Evaluation of three-dose fosfomycin tromethamine in the treatment of patients with urinary tract infections: an uncontrolled, open-label, multicentre study, Assessment of Fosfomycin for Complicated or Multidrug-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections: Patient Characteristics and Outcomes, 2013.
DOI : 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004157

E. Neuner, J. Sekeres, G. Hall, and D. Van-duin, Experience with Fosfomycin for Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Organisms, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.56, issue.11, pp.5744-5752, 2012.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00402-12

J. Oteo, V. Bautista, N. Lara, O. Cuevas, M. Arroyo et al., Parallel increase in community use of fosfomycin and resistance to fosfomycin in extended-spectrum ??-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.65, issue.11, pp.2459-63, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkq346

N. Cortes-penfield and B. Trautner, Nitrofurantoin, an Excellent Empiric Choice for Outpatient Cystitis, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.60, issue.12
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01715-16

URL : http://aac.asm.org/content/60/12/7535.full.pdf

M. Tasbakan, H. Pullukcu, O. Sipahi, T. Yamazhan, and S. Ulusoy, Nitrofurantoin in the treatment of extended-spectrum ??-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli-related lower urinary tract infection, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.40, issue.6, pp.7535554-7535560, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.08.003

A. Babiker, G. Sanchez, S. Bhandary, J. Bordon, G. Sanchez et al., Reply to ???Nitrofurantoin, an Excellent Empiric Choice for Outpatient Cystitis???, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.60, issue.12, pp.7536-1962680, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.01809-16

URL : http://aac.asm.org/content/60/12/7536.full.pdf

K. Gupta, T. Hooton, P. Roberts, and W. Stamm, Short-Course Nitrofurantoin for the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis in Women, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.167, issue.20, pp.2207-2219, 2007.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.167.20.2207

A. Huttner, E. Verhaegh, S. Harbarth, A. Muller, U. Theuretzbacher et al., Nitrofurantoin revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials, HAS (Haute Autorité de Santé). Furandantine. Comission de la transparence, pp.2456-64, 2014.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkv147

B. Disponible-sur-http-cunha, C. Cunha, B. Lam, J. Giuga, J. Chin et al., Nitrofurantoin safety and effectiveness in treating acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) in hospitalized adults with renal insufficiency: antibiotic stewardship implications, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol.90, issue.731, pp.1213-1219, 2017.
DOI : 10.1159/000342423

S. Sakaan, J. Twilla, J. Usery, J. Winton, and T. Self, Nitrofurantoin-Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Rare Yet Serious Complication, Southern Medical Journal, vol.107, issue.2, pp.107-120, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000059

J. Santos, M. Batech, M. Pelter, and R. Deamer, Evaluation of the Risk of Nitrofurantoin Lung Injury and Its Efficacy in Diminished Kidney Function in Older Adults in a Large Integrated Healthcare System: A Matched Cohort Study, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.16, issue.4, pp.798-805, 2016.
DOI : 10.7812/TPP/12-031

K. Livanios, E. Karampi, A. Sotiriou, K. Tavernaraki, P. Styliara et al., Nitrofurantoin-induced acute pulmonary toxicity. Respirol Case Reports, pp.25-32, 2016.
DOI : 10.1002/rcr2.131

URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rcr2.131/pdf

J. Mullerpattan, R. Dagaonkar, H. Shah, and Z. Udwadia, Fatal nitrofurantoin lung, J Assoc Physicians India, vol.61, issue.10, pp.758-60, 2013.

W. Kabbara and M. Kordahi, Nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary toxicity: A case report and review of the literature, Journal of Infection and Public Health, vol.8, issue.4, pp.309-322, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.01.007

M. Broes, B. Roelofs, A. Mudde, E. Hoornenborg, P. De-chambrun et al., Pulmonary toxicity resulting from the use of nitrofurantoin Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by nitrofurantoin: A rare drug-induced toxicity, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. Rev Med Interne, vol.156, issue.372, pp.131-135, 2012.

S. Sakaan, J. Twilla, J. Usery, J. Winton, and T. Self, Nitrofurantoin-Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Rare Yet Serious Complication, Southern Medical Journal, vol.107, issue.2, pp.107-120, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000059

K. Claussen, E. Stocks, D. Bhat, J. Fish, and C. Rubin, How Common Are Pulmonary and Hepatic Adverse Effects in Older Adults Prescribed Nitrofurantoin?, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.187, issue.6, pp.1316-1336, 2017.
DOI : 10.1503/cmaj.150067

G. Stein, Comparison of single-dose fosfomycin and a 7-day course of nitrofurantoin in female patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection, Clinical Therapeutics, vol.21, issue.11, pp.1864-72, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0149-2918(00)86734-X

M. Lutters and N. Vogt-ferrier, Antibiotic duration for treating uncomplicated, symptomatic lower urinary tract infections in elderly women, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, issue.3, pp.16-001535, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/14651858.cd001535

L. Nicolle, Short-term therapy for urinary tract infection: success and failure, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol.31, pp.40-45, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.040

P. Daley, C. Penney, S. Wakeham, G. Compton, A. Mckim et al., Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis and Response to Therapy in Long-Term Care: A Prospective Observational Study, Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, vol.26, issue.3, pp.133-139, 2015.
DOI : 10.1155/2015/830415

A. Guglietta, Recurrent urinary tract infections in women: risk factors, etiology, pathogenesis and prophylaxis, Future Microbiology, vol.1, issue.1, pp.239-285, 2017.
DOI : 10.1038/sc.1996.105

F. Sundén, L. Håkansson, E. Ljunggren, and B. Wullt, Escherichia coli 83972 Bacteriuria Protects Against Recurrent Lower Urinary Tract Infections in Patients With Incomplete Bladder Emptying, The Journal of Urology, vol.184, issue.1, pp.179-85, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.024

D. Scholes, T. Hawn, P. Roberts, S. Li, A. Stapleton et al., Family History and Risk of Recurrent Cystitis and Pyelonephritis in Women, The Journal of Urology, vol.184, issue.2, pp.564-573, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.139

M. Semins, A. Shore, M. Makary, J. Weiner, and B. Matlaga, The Impact of Obesity on Urinary Tract Infection Risk, Urology, vol.79, issue.2, pp.266-275, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2011.09.040