A. Rothova, M. S. Suttorp-van-schulten, F. Treffers, W. Kijlstra, and A. , Causes and frequency of blindness in patients with intraocular inflammatory disease, Br J Ophthalmol, vol.80, pp.332-338, 1996.

A. P. Brezin and L. Guillevin, Société française d'ophtalmologie. Uvéites [rapport présenté à la] Société Française d'Ophtalmologie, 2010.

A. Rodriguez, M. Calonge, M. Pedroza-seres, Y. A. Akova, E. M. Messmer et al., Referral patterns of uveitis in a tertiary eye care center, Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill, vol.114, pp.593-602, 19601996.

D. Wakefield and J. H. Chang, Epidemiology of uveitis, Int Ophthalmol Clin, vol.45, pp.1-13, 2005.

B. Bodaghi, P. Lehoang, and . Uvéite, , 2017.

D. C. Gritz and I. G. Wong, Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in Northern California; the Northern California Epidemiology of Uveitis Study, Ophthalmology, vol.111, pp.491-500, 2004.

V. T. Tran, C. Auer, Y. Guex-crosier, N. Pittet, and C. P. Herbort, Epidemiology of uveitis in Switzerland, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, vol.2, pp.169-76, 1994.

R. W. Darrell, H. P. Wagener, and L. T. Kurland, Epidemiology of uveitis. Incidence and prevalence in a small urban community, Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill, vol.68, pp.502-516, 19601962.

E. T. Cunningham, Uveitis in children, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, vol.8, pp.251-61, 2000.

A. D. Dick, N. Tundia, R. Sorg, C. Zhao, J. Chao et al., Risk of Ocular Complications in Patients with Noninfectious Intermediate Uveitis, Posterior Uveitis, or Panuveitis, Ophthalmology, vol.123, pp.655-62, 2016.

, What is Uveitis? | International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG) n.d, 2016.

J. Chang and D. Wakefield, Uveitis: a global perspective, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, vol.10, pp.263-79, 2002.

D. A. Jabs, R. B. Nussenblatt, and J. T. Rosenbaum, Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop, Am J Ophthalmol, vol.140, pp.509-525, 2005.

E. Bloch-michel and R. B. Nussenblatt, International Uveitis Study Group recommendations for the evaluation of intraocular inflammatory disease, Am J Ophthalmol, vol.103, pp.234-239, 1987.

P. Seve, L. Kodjikian, A. L. Jamilloux, and Y. , Uveitis in adults: What do rheumatologists need to know?, Jt Bone Spine Rev Rhum, vol.82, pp.308-322, 2015.

J. Heo, Y. J. Sepah, J. Yohannan, M. Renner, A. Akhtar et al., The role of biologic agents in the management of non-infectious uveitis, Expert Opin Biol Ther, vol.12, pp.995-1008, 2012.

J. Deschenes, P. I. Murray, N. A. Rao, and R. B. Nussenblatt, International Uveitis Study Group. International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG): clinical classification of uveitis, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, vol.16, pp.1-2, 2008.

V. Sturm and F. Meier, Epidémiologie et diagnostic de l'uvéite, 2007.

. E. Bloch-michel,

, Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol, vol.230, pp.49-51, 1989.

C. P. Herbort, T. Tran, V. Auer, C. Spertin, and F. , Les uvéites : approche diagnostique multidisciplinaire à l'usage de l'ophtalmologue et de l'interniste, 2003.

S. Ohno, M. Ohguchi, S. Hirose, H. Matsuda, A. Wakisaka et al., Close association of HLA-Bw51 with Behçet's disease, Arch Ophthalmol Chic Ill, vol.100, pp.1455-1463, 19601982.

J. V. Forrester and H. Xu, Good news-bad news: the Yin and Yang of immune privilege in the eye, Front Immunol, vol.3, 2012.

G. Boschetti, S. Nancey, R. Kanjarawi, T. Almeras, K. Ruel et al., Réponses immunitaires au cours des MICI : implication de l'axe IL-23/Th17, Hépato-Gastro Oncol Dig, vol.19, pp.446-54, 2012.

R. Agrawal, J. Iyer, J. Connolly, D. Iwata, and S. Teoh, Cytokines and Biologics in noninfectious autoimmune uveitis: Bench to Bedside, Indian J Ophthalmol, vol.62, pp.74-81, 2014.

K. C. Lamattina and D. A. Goldstein, Adalimumab for the treatment of uveitis, Expert Rev Clin Immunol, vol.13, pp.181-189, 2017.

A. D. Dick, J. V. Forrester, J. Liversidge, and A. P. Cope, The role of tumour necrosis factor (TNFalpha) in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), Prog Retin Eye Res, vol.23, pp.617-654, 2004.

G. Levy-clarke, D. A. Jabs, R. W. Read, J. T. Rosenbaum, A. Vitale et al., Expert panel recommendations for the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor biologic agents in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders, Ophthalmology, vol.121, pp.785-796, 2014.

R. J. Barry, Q. D. Nguyen, R. W. Lee, P. I. Murray, and A. K. Denniston, Pharmacotherapy for uveitis: current management and emerging therapy, Clin Ophthalmol Auckl NZ, vol.8, pp.1891-911, 2014.

A. C. Allison, Immunosuppressive drugs: the first 50 years and a glance forward, Immunopharmacology, vol.47, pp.63-83, 2000.

C. S. Foster, S. Kothari, S. D. Anesi, A. T. Vitale, D. Chu et al., The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation preferred practice patterns of uveitis management, Surv Ophthalmol, vol.61, pp.1-17, 2016.

D. A. Jabs and J. T. Rosenbaum, Guidelines for the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders: recommendations of an expert panel, Am J Ophthalmol, vol.131, p.679, 2001.

D. M. Gordon, J. M. Mclean, H. Koteen, F. P. Bousquet, W. D. Mccusker et al., The use of ACTH and cortisone in ophthalmology, Am J Ophthalmol, vol.34, pp.1675-86, 1951.

R. Agrawal, C. Lee, S. Phatak, and C. Pavesio, Immunopharmacotherapy of non-infectious uveitis: where do we stand?, Expert Opin Biol Ther, vol.14, pp.1719-1741, 2014.

L. A. Grotting and G. N. Papaliodis, A Review of the Course and Treatment of Non-Infectious Uveitis during Pregnancy, Semin Ophthalmol, vol.32, pp.75-81, 2017.

K. Durrani, F. R. Zakka, M. Ahmed, M. Memon, S. S. Siddique et al., Systemic Therapy With Conventional and Novel Immunomodulatory Agents for Ocular Inflammatory Disease, Surv Ophthalmol, vol.56, pp.474-510, 2011.

S. Pasadhika, J. H. Kempen, C. W. Newcomb, T. L. Liesegang, S. S. Pujari et al., Azathioprine for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases, Am J Ophthalmol, vol.148, pp.500-509, 2009.

S. Gangaputra, C. W. Newcomb, T. L. Liesegang, C. , C. Kaçmaz et al., Methotrexate for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases, Ophthalmology, vol.116, 2009.

E. Daniel, J. E. Thorne, C. W. Newcomb, S. S. Pujari, R. O. Kaçmaz et al.,

, Mycophenolate Mofetil for Ocular Inflammation, Am J Ophthalmol, vol.149, pp.423-432, 2010.

S. S. Pujari, J. H. Kempen, C. W. Newcomb, S. Gangaputra, E. Daniel et al., Cyclophosphamide for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases, Ophthalmology, vol.117, pp.356-65, 2010.

R. O. Kaçmaz, J. H. Kempen, C. Newcomb, E. Daniel, S. Gangaputra et al., Cyclosporine for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases, Ophthalmology, vol.117, pp.576-84, 2010.

J. Blair, R. Barry, D. J. Moore, and A. K. Denniston, A comprehensive review of mTORinhibiting pharmacotherapy for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis, Curr Pharm Des, 2017.

O. M. Durrani, N. N. Tehrani, J. E. Marr, P. Moradi, P. Stavrou et al., Degree, duration, and causes of visual loss in uveitis, Br J Ophthalmol, vol.88, pp.1159-62, 2004.

D. Saadoun, B. Bodaghi, B. Bienvenu, B. Wechsler, D. Sene et al., Biotherapies in inflammatory ocular disorders: Interferons, immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies, Autoimmun Rev, vol.12, pp.774-83, 2013.

J. Gueudry, Biological treatment for intraocular inflammation, 2015.

C. Fabiani, A. Vitale, G. Emmi, L. Vannozzi, G. Lopalco et al., Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in Behcet's disease-related uveitis: a multicenter retrospective observational study, Clin Rheumatol, vol.36, pp.183-192, 2017.

G. J. Jaffe, A. D. Dick, A. P. Brezin, Q. D. Nguyen, J. E. Thorne et al., Adalimumab in Patients with Active Noninfectious Uveitis, N Engl J Med, vol.375, pp.932-975, 2016.

Q. D. Nguyen, P. T. Merrill, G. J. Jaffe, A. D. Dick, S. K. Kurup et al., Adalimumab for prevention of uveitic flare in patients with inactive non-infectious uveitis controlled by corticosteroids (VISUAL II): a multicentre, double-masked, randomised, placebocontrolled phase 3 trial, Lancet Lond Engl, vol.388, issue.16, pp.31339-31342, 2016.

H. Vallet, P. Seve, L. Biard, J. Baptiste-fraison, P. Bielefeld et al., Infliximab Versus Adalimumab in the Treatment of Refractory Inflammatory Uveitis: A Multicenter Study From the French Uveitis Network, Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ, vol.68, 2016.

L. Cabane, S. Baillif, G. Asrarguis, P. Gastaud, V. Queyrel et al., Uvéite et spondyloarthrite : savoir évoquer une tuberculose, J Fr Ophtalmol, vol.39, pp.83-87, 2016.

E. Feurer, P. Bielefeld, D. Saadoun, and P. Sève,

, Rev Médecine Interne Fondée Par Société Natl Francaise Médecine, Interne, vol.36, pp.107-123, 2015.

A. Gül, I. Tugal-tutkun, C. A. Dinarello, L. Reznikov, B. A. Esen et al., Interleukin1?-regulating antibody XOMA 052 (gevokizumab) in the treatment of acute exacerbations of resistant uveitis of Behcet's disease: an open-label pilot study, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.71, pp.563-569, 2012.

E. Miserocchi, I. Pontikaki, G. Modorati, M. Gattinara, P. L. Meroni et al., Anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) treatment for inflammatory ocular diseases, Autoimmun Rev, vol.11, pp.35-44, 2011.

B. Bodaghi, G. Gendron, B. Wechsler, C. Terrada, N. Cassoux et al., Efficacy of interferon alpha in the treatment of refractory and sight threatening uveitis: a retrospective monocentric study of 45 patients, Br J Ophthalmol, vol.91, pp.335-344, 2007.

J. Gueudry, B. Wechsler, C. Terrada, G. Gendron, N. Cassoux et al., Long-term efficacy and safety of low-dose interferon alpha2a therapy in severe uveitis associated with Behçet disease, Am J Ophthalmol, vol.146, pp.837-844, 2008.

M. A. Lerman and C. E. Rabinovich, The Future Is Now: Biologics for Non-Infectious Pediatric Anterior Uveitis, Pediatr Drugs, vol.17, pp.283-301, 2015.

, Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet's disease. International Study Group for Behçet's Disease, Lancet Lond Engl, vol.335, pp.1078-80, 1990.

M. Rudwaleit, D. Van-der-heijde, R. Landewé, J. Listing, N. Akkoc et al., The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.68, pp.777-83, 2009.

T. Tsirouki, A. Dastiridou, C. Symeonidis, O. Tounakaki, I. Brazitikou et al., A Focus on the Epidemiology of Uveitis, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, vol.0, pp.1-15, 2016.

J. E. Reuland, M. S. Mackensen, F. Harsch, N. Fleckenstein, M. Lorenz et al., Uveitis subtypes in a german interdisciplinary uveitis center-analysis of 1916 patients, J Rheumatol, vol.36, pp.127-163, 2009.

M. Khairallah, Are the Standardization of the Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group criteria for Codifying the Site of Inflammation Appropriate for All Uveitis Problems? Limitations of the SUN Working Group Classification, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, vol.18, 2010.

Q. D. Nguyen, E. Hatef, B. Kayen, C. P. Macahilig, M. Ibrahim et al., A crosssectional study of the current treatment patterns in noninfectious uveitis among specialists in the United States, Ophthalmology, vol.118, pp.184-90, 2011.

R. J. Barry and A. K. Denniston, Controversies in the Pharmacological Treatment of Uveitis, Curr Pharm Des, vol.21, pp.4682-4689, 2015.

, Annexe 1 : tableau des différents immunosuppresseurs : famille, DCI, nom commercial et mode d'action