, ,63), les extractions instrumentales (OR 1,76 ; IC 95 % 1,68-1,85), les lésions périnéales du 3 ème et 4 ème degré (OR 2,73 ; IC 95 % 2,30-3,23), les césariennes en urgence (OR 1 ,84, pp.51-52

, La macrosomie est associée à un risque accru de dystocies des épaules, vol.18

, Celle-ci survient lors de 0,5 à 1 % des accouchements, vol.2, p.50

, Les foetus sont plus à risque d'hypoglycémie néonatale (OR 2,53 ; IC 95 % 2,10-3,03) (11), p.27

, Des modifications épigénétiques pourraient expliquer, IC 95 %, vol.1, issue.59, pp.1-1

, Pour le clinicien, la responsabilité médicolégale est engagée. À titre d'exemple la dystocie des épaules a fait l'objet de 8 déclarations de sinistres sur 66, 2004.

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U. Sovio, A. A. Moraitis, H. S. Wong, and G. Smith, Universal versus selective ultrasonography to screen for large for gestational age infants and associated morbidity, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Accept Author Manuscr, 2017.

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I. Sarris, C. Ioannou, P. Chamberlain, E. Ohuma, F. Roseman et al., Intra-and interobserver variability in fetal ultrasound measurements, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1 mars, vol.39, issue.3, pp.266-73, 2012.

A. Treisser, Macrosomie foetale. CNGOF 19èmes Journ Natl Paris, 1995.

X. Tome,

J. Ye, L. Zhang, Y. Chen, F. Fang, Z. Luo et al., Searching for the Definition of Macrosomia through an Outcome-Based Approach, PLOS ONE. 18 juin, vol.9, issue.6, p.100192, 2014.

I. and D. , Enquête nationale périnatale Rapport, 2016.

A. Koyanagi, J. Zhang, A. Dagvadorj, F. Hirayama, K. Shibuya et al., Macrosomia in 23 developing countries: an analysis of a multicountry, facility-based, cross-sectional survey. The Lancet, vol.9, pp.476-83, 2013.

A. Weissmann-brenner, M. J. Simchen, E. Zilberberg, A. Kalter, B. Weisz et al., Maternal and neonatal outcomes of large for gestational age pregnancies, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1 juill, vol.91, issue.7, pp.844-853, 2012.

V. L. Handa, B. H. Danielsen, and W. M. Gilbert, Obstetric anal sphincter lacerations, Obstet Gynecol. août, vol.98, issue.2, pp.225-255, 2001.

F. Vendittelli, O. Rivière, and G. Bréart, Is prenatal identification of fetal macrosomia useful?, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. avr, vol.161, issue.2, pp.170-176, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01045216

L. M. Yee and W. A. Grobman, Relationship Between Third-Trimester Sonographic Estimate of Fetal Weight and Mode of Delivery, J Ultrasound Med Off J Am Inst Ultrasound Med. avr, vol.35, issue.4, pp.701-707, 2016.

S. Farrakh, N. Deole, H. Khalil, M. Nalam, O. Tayo et al., Outcome comparison of the pregnancies with undetected macrosomia with known macrosomia, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1 sept, vol.27, pp.322-322, 2017.

H. Kim, H. Hwang, S. Oh, G. Cho, S. Hong et al., 02: Prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes using fetal biometric parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a Korean multicentre study, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1 sept, vol.50, pp.218-218, 2017.

S. C. Blackwell, J. Refuerzo, R. Chadha, and C. A. Carreno, Overestimation of fetal weight by ultrasound: does it influence the likelihood of cesarean delivery for labor arrest?, Am J Obstet Gynecol. mars, vol.200, issue.3, pp.340-341, 2009.

N. Melamed, Y. Yogev, I. Meizner, R. Mashiach, and A. Ben-haroush, Sonographic prediction of fetal macrosomia: the consequences of false diagnosis, J Ultrasound Med Off J Am Inst Ultrasound Med. févr, vol.29, issue.2, pp.225-255, 2010.

. Penney-t-j, A. Metcalfe, D. Sommerset, and C. S. Oc11, 05: Accuracy of sonographic estimated fetal weight in postdates pregnancies: do weight estimates influence management?, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1 sept, vol.48, pp.21-21, 2016.

D. J. Rouse, J. Owen, R. L. Goldenberg, and S. P. Cliver, The effectiveness and costs of elective cesarean delivery for fetal macrosomia diagnosed by ultrasound, JAMA, vol.13, issue.18, pp.1480-1486, 1996.

C. Français-d'échographie-foetale, Les Documents du CFEF. Disponible sur

F. P. Hadlock, R. B. Harrist, and J. Martinez-poyer, In utero analysis of fetal growth: a sonographic weight standard. Radiology, vol.181, pp.129-162, 1991.

A. T. Papageorghiou, I. Sarris, C. Ioannou, T. Todros, M. Carvalho et al., Ultrasound methodology used to construct the fetal growth standards in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project, BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. sept, vol.120, issue.2, pp.27-32, 2013.

J. Lepercq, C. Vayssière, P. Boulot, I. Burdet, G. Criballet et al., Le diabète gestationnel : Élaborées par le Collège national des gynécologues et obstétriciens français et par la Société francophone du diabète, J Gynécologie Obstétrique Biol Reprod. déc, vol.39, issue.8S2, p.139, 2010.

A. O. Awonuga, Z. Merhi, M. T. Awonuga, T. Samuels, J. Waller et al., Anthropometric measurements in the diagnosis of pelvic size: an analysis of maternal height and shoe size and computed tomography pelvimetric data, Arch Gynecol Obstet, vol.276, issue.5, pp.523-531, 2007.

J. Lepercq, J. Timsit, and S. Hauguel-de-mouzon, Etiopathogeny of fetal macrosomia, J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). janv, vol.29, issue.1, pp.6-12, 2000.

C. Mazouni, R. Rouzier, R. Ledu, H. Heckenroth, B. Guidicelli et al., Development and internal validation of a nomogram to predict macrosomia, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1 mai, vol.29, issue.5, pp.544-553, 2007.

U. Sovio and G. Smith, Blinded ultrasonic fetal biometry at 36 weeks and the risk of emergency caesarean delivery: a prospective cohort study of 3,047 low risk nulliparous women, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 28 avr, 2017.

L. A. Sjaarda, P. S. Albert, S. L. Mumford, S. N. Hinkle, P. Mendola et al., Customized large-for-gestational-age birthweight at term and the association with adverse perinatal outcomes, Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1 janv, vol.210, issue.1, pp.63-64, 2014.

S. Fernandez, A. Vinyeta, L. Ayuso, H. , D. Rïo et al., Ultrasound screening for fetal macrosomia, an unsolved dilemma, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1 sept, vol.10, issue.S1, pp.273-273, 2014.

A. P. Souka, I. Papastefanou, A. Pilalis, V. Michalitsi, P. Panagopoulos et al., Performance of the ultrasound examination in the early and late third trimester for the prediction of birth weight deviations, Prenat Diagn, vol.33, issue.10, pp.915-935, 2013.

Q. Reboul, A. Delabaere, Y. Wu, A. Nuyt, W. Fraser et al., 02: Prediction of perinatal outcomes by third trimester fetal biometry and maternal characteristics, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1 sept, vol.46, pp.3-3, 2015.

M. Lipschuetz, S. M. Cohen, E. Ein-mor, H. Sapir, D. Hochner-celnikier et al., A large head circumference is more strongly associated with unplanned cesarean or instrumental delivery and neonatal complications than high birthweight, Am J Obstet Gynecol. déc, vol.213, issue.6, pp.833-834, 2015.

M. Lipschuetz, . Cohen-s-m, E. Ein-mor, H. Sapir, D. Hochner-celnikier et al., 08: Large head circumference versus high birthweight in the risk of instrumental delivery in "big babies, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1 sept, vol.46, pp.124-124, 2015.

M. Lipschuetz, S. M. Cohen, A. Israel, J. Baron, S. Porat et al., Sonographic large fetal head circumference and risk of cesarean delivery, Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1 mars, vol.218, issue.3, pp.339-340, 2018.

R. Bardin, A. Aviram, I. Meizner, E. Ashwal, L. Hiersch et al., Association of fetal biparietal diameter with mode of delivery and perinatal outcome, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. févr, vol.47, issue.2, pp.217-240, 2016.

U. Sovio, A. A. Moraitis, H. S. Wong, and G. Smith, Universal versus selective ultrasonography to screen for large for gestational age infants and associated morbidity, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Accept Author Manuscr, 2017.

A. Papageorghiou, I. Sarris, C. Ioannou, T. Todros, M. Carvalho et al., Ultrasound methodology used to construct the fetal growth standards in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project, BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 1 sept, vol.120, pp.27-32, 2013.

A. Aviram, Y. Yogev, E. Ashwal, L. Hiersch, D. Danon et al., Different formulas, different thresholds and different performance-the prediction of macrosomia by ultrasound, J Perinatol. 14 sept, vol.37, p.1285, 2017.

Y. Peled, T. Perri, R. Chen, J. Pardo, J. Bar et al., Gestational diabetes mellitusimplications of different treatment protocols, J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab JPEM. juin, vol.17, issue.6, pp.847-52, 2004.

O. Langer, Y. Yogev, O. Most, and E. Xenakis, Gestational diabetes: the consequences of not treating, Am J Obstet Gynecol. avr, vol.192, issue.4, pp.989-97, 2005.

I. Sarris, C. Ioannou, P. Chamberlain, E. Ohuma, F. Roseman et al., Intra-and interobserver variability in fetal ultrasound measurements, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1 mars, vol.39, issue.3, pp.266-73, 2012.