A. , Impact du ramadan sur les passages aux urgences

. .. Passages-par-jour,

B. , Impact du ramadan sur les pathologies liées au jeûne et à la chaleur

C. .. Limites,

. .. Période-d'étude,

. .. Effet-«-centre-»,

V. .. Conclusion,

. Vi and . .. Bibliographiques,

. Viii, . Liste, and . .. Abreviations,

V. I. Bibliographiques,

L. Qu'est-ce-que and . Laïcité, Gouvernement.fr. Available

, Les français et la croyance religieuse

, Ined -Institut national d'études démographiques, Trajectoires et origines : enquête sur la diversité des populations en France. Premiers résultats

, Islamic Information and Data | GRF

F. Islam-en, Wikipédia [Internet, 2018.

, Les pratiques religieuses chez les musulmans

. Ifop, , 2018.

, Guide de l'islam: Quels sont les cinq piliers de l'islam?

. Ramadhan,

. Grande-mosquée-de-strasbourg,

M. Hassanein, M. Al-arouj, O. Hamdy, W. Bebakar, A. Jabbar et al., Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines, Diabetes Res Clin Pract, vol.126, pp.303-319, 2017.

I. France,

L. Coran,

A. Bahammam, Does Ramadan fasting affect sleep?, Int J Clin Pract, vol.60, issue.12, pp.1631-1638, 2006.

N. Kadri, A. Tilane, E. Batal, M. Taltit, Y. Tahiri et al., Irritability during the month of Ramadan, Psychosom Med, vol.62, issue.2, pp.280-285, 2000.

M. Nematy, M. Alinezhad-namaghi, M. M. Rashed, M. Mozhdehifard, S. S. Sajjadi et al., Effects of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular risk factors: a prospective observational study, Nutr J, vol.11, p.69, 2012.

M. Mazidi, P. Rezaie, O. Chaudhri, E. Karimi, and M. Nematy, The effect of Ramadan fasting on cardiometabolic risk factors and anthropometrics parameters: A systematic review, Pak J Med Sci, vol.31, issue.5, pp.1250-1255, 2015.

R. Roky, I. Houti, S. Moussamih, S. Qotbi, and N. Aadil, Physiological and chronobiological changes during Ramadan intermittent fasting, Ann Nutr Metab, vol.48, issue.4, pp.296-303, 2004.

L. Iraki, A. Bogdan, F. Hakkou, N. Amrani, A. Abkari et al., Ramadan Diet Restrictions Modify the Circadian Time Structure in Humans. A Study on Plasma Gastrin, Insulin, Glucose, and Calcium and on Gastric pH, vol.82, pp.1261-73, 1997.

L. Iraki, A. Abkari, T. Vallot, N. Amrani, R. H. Khlifa et al.,

, Gastroenterol Clin Biol, vol.21, issue.11, pp.813-822, 1997.

M. Wargon, A. Amrane, L. Hamza, N. Belkahia, A. Berkovits et al., Influence des périodes de ramadan dans un hôpital de banlieue parisienne, 2008.

M. Pekdemir, M. Ersel, S. Yilmaz, and M. Uygun, No significant alteration in admissions to emergency departments during Ramadan, J Emerg Med, vol.38, issue.2, pp.253-259, 2010.

K. S. Balhara, S. Levin, G. Cole, J. Scheulen, X. P. Anton et al., Emergency department resource utilization during Ramadan: distinct and reproducible patterns over a 4-year period in Abu Dhabi, Eur J Emerg Med Off J Eur Soc Emerg Med, vol.25, issue.1, pp.39-45, 2018.

, Annals of Saudi Medicine -Emergency department attendance patterns during Ramadan, 2018.

E. J. Langford, M. A. Ishaque, J. Fothergill, and R. Touquet, The effect of the fast of Ramadan on accident and emergency attendances, J R Soc Med, vol.87, issue.9, pp.517-525, 1994.

K. Topacoglu, Impact of Ramadan on demographics and frequencies of diseaserelated visits in the emergency department, 2018.

A. Assaad, R. G. Bachir, R. , E. Sayed, and M. J. , Impact of Ramadan on emergency department visits and on medical emergencies, Eur J Emerg Med Off J Eur Soc Emerg Med, 2017.

S. Belguith, A. Baccouche, H. Grissa, M. H. Boubaker, H. Bouida et al., The risk of acute coronary syndrome in Ramadan, Tunis Med, vol.94, issue.10, pp.599-603, 2016.

N. Abdolreza, A. Omalbanin, T. S. Mahdieh, M. Ali, M. R. Reza et al., Comparison of the number of patients admitted with renal colic during various stages of peri-Ramadan month. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant Off Publ Saudi Cent Organ Transplant Saudi Arab, vol.22, pp.1199-202, 2011.

Y. Cevik, S. K. Corbacioglu, G. Cikrikci, V. Oncul, and E. Emektar, The effects of Ramadan fasting on the number of renal colic visits to the emergency department, Pak J Med Sci, vol.32, issue.1, pp.18-21, 2016.

A. Mahayni, A. O. Alkhateeb, S. S. Abusaq, I. H. , A. Mufarrih et al., Does fasting in Ramadan increase the risk of developing urinary stones, Saudi Med J, vol.39, issue.5, pp.481-487, 2018.

S. Ozkan, P. Durukan, O. Akdur, A. Vardar, E. Torun et al., Does Ramadan fasting increase acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage?, J Int Med Res, vol.37, issue.6, pp.1988-93, 2009.

J. Dhainaut, Y. Claessens, C. Ginsburg, and B. Riou, Unprecedented heat-related deaths during the 2003 heat wave in Paris: consequences on emergency departments, Crit Care Lond Engl, vol.8, issue.1, pp.1-2, 2004.

R. Bustinza, G. Lebel, P. Gosselin, D. Bélanger, and F. Chebana, Health impacts of the, vol.13, p.56, 2010.

A. Schaffer, D. Muscatello, R. Broome, S. Corbett, and W. Smith, Emergency department visits, ambulance calls, and mortality associated with an exceptional heat wave in Sydney, Australia, 2011: a time-series analysis, Environ Health Glob Access Sci Source, vol.11, issue.1, p.3, 2012.

J. C. Semenza, J. E. Mccullough, W. D. Flanders, M. A. Mcgeehin, and J. R. Lumpkin, Excess hospital admissions during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago, Am J Prev Med, vol.16, issue.4, pp.269-77, 1999.

O. Trejo, O. Miró, G. De-la-red, B. Collvinent, E. Bragulat et al.,

, Med Clin (Barc), vol.125, pp.205-214, 2005.

K. Knowlton, M. Rotkin-ellman, G. King, H. G. Margolis, D. Smith et al., California heat wave: impacts on hospitalizations and emergency department visits. Environ Health Perspect, vol.117, pp.61-68, 2006.

. Oru-paca,

O. Gip-e-santé and . Paca,

L. Josseran, N. Caillère, D. Brun-ney, J. Rottner, L. Filleul et al., Syndromic surveillance and heat wave morbidity: a pilot study based on emergency departments in France, BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, vol.9, p.14, 2009.

C. Caserio-schönemann, V. Bousquet, A. Fouillet, and V. Henry, Le système de surveillance syndromique SurSaUD, Bull Epidemiol Hebd, vol.3, issue.4, pp.38-44, 2014.

, recueil et au traitement des données d'activité médicale produites par les établissements de santé publics ou privés ayant une activité de médecine d'urgence et à la transmission d'informations issues de ce traitement dans les conditions définies à l'article L. 6113-8 du code de la santé publique et dans un but de veille et de sécurité sanitaires, Journal Officiel de la République Française, p.1320206, 2013.

, INSTRUCTION N° DGOS/R2/DGS/DUS/2013/315 du 31 juillet 2013 relative aux résumés de passage aux urgences, p.1320441, 2013.

. Zonedevie and . Com,

S. Le-calendrier,

, Ministère de l'Éducation nationale

, Les horaires du soleil

, Histoire des saisons de l'OM

M. Ville-de, Wikipédia [Internet

L. Monde, fr -Actualités et Infos en France et dans le monde, 2018.

T. Butt, H. U. Khan, I. Ahmed, and A. Eldali, Emergency department attendance patterns during Ramadan, Ann Saudi Med, vol.36, issue.4, pp.258-64, 2016.