.. .. ,

). .. Galantamine-(reminyl®,

). .. Mémantine(exiba®,

C. Prises,

I. I. Chapitre, Quels traitements de la maladie de Parkinson à l'heure actuelle ?

A. .. Généralités,

C. Traitements-non-médicamenteux and .. .. ,

, Quatrième partie : Maladies neurodégénératives, les opportunités de demain

. Chapitre,

A. Pipeline-de-la-maladie-d'alzheimer and .. .. ,

B. Dispositifs and . .. Ma,

C. .. Pipelines-de-la-maladie-de-parkinson, 75 1. Traitements de fonds basés sur l'utilisation de principes actifs chimiques

, Chapitre II : Les axes de recherche pour le traitement des maladies neurodégénératives, p.78

A. Nano-médecine and .. .. ,

. Limite,

B. Thérapie-génique and .. .. ,

C. Thérapie-«-anti-insulinorésistance and ». .. ,

». .. Thérapie-«-anti-insulinorésistance,

.. .. Conclusion, , vol.87

.. .. Bibliographie,

. .. Serment-de-galien, Alzheimer's discovery. Current Biology, vol.16, pp.906-916, 2006.

G. G. Glenner and C. W. Wong, Alzheimer's disease: initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein, Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 16 mai, vol.120, issue.3, pp.885-90, 1984.

J. P. Brion, Neurofibrillary tangles and Alzheimer's disease, Eur Neurol. oct, vol.40, issue.3, pp.130-170, 1998.

R. J. Castellani, P. I. Moreira, X. Zhu, and G. Perry, Alzheimer's Disease: Pathology and Pathogenesis, Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, 2014.

D. Sur,

J. Ankri, . Prévalence, . De-risque-de-la-maladie-d'alzheimer, . Prevalence, and . Factors-in-alzheimer's-disease, Gérontologie et société. 1 sept, vol.32, issue.1, pp.129-170, 2009.

C. G. Goetz, The History of Parkinson's Disease: Early Clinical Descriptions and Neurological Therapies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 2011.

, Parkinson's disease. The Lancet, août, vol.29, issue.1, pp.896-912, 2015.

A. M. Bonnet, M. F. Jutras, V. Czernecki, J. C. Corvol, and M. Vidailhet, Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease in 2012: Relevant Clinical Aspects

M. Hoehn and M. D. Yahr, Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality

, Disponible sur: /paper/Parkinsonism%3A-onset%2C-progression-and-mortality

D. W. Dickson, Neuropathology of Parkinson disease, Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 1 janv, vol.46, pp.30-33, 2018.

L. Bousset, L. Pieri, G. Ruiz-arlandis, J. Gath, P. H. Jensen et al., Structural and functional characterization of two alpha-synuclein strains, Nature Communications, vol.4, p.2575, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01183047

C. E. Clarke, S. Patel, N. Ives, C. E. Rick, R. Woolley et al., UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank Diagnostic Criteria

D. Sur,

J. Disponible-sur-;-massano and K. Bhatia, Clinical Approach to Parkinson's Disease: Features, Diagnosis, and Principles of Management. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 1 juin, vol.2, p.8870, 2012.

E. Tolosa, G. Wenning, and W. Poewe, The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, The Lancet Neurology. 1 janv, vol.5, issue.1, pp.75-86, 2006.

, Haute Autorité de Santé -Guide parcours de soins maladie de Parkinson

D. Sur, What are Common Risk Factors for Parkinson's?

. Parkinsonsdisease and . Net,

D. Sur,

M. Kleinman and S. Frank, Pharma industry research and analysis, patient forecasts, epidemiology and key event insights | Datamonitor Healthcare, PET Clinics, vol.8, issue.4, pp.447-58, 2013.

D. Sur,

V. L. Feigin, A. A. Abajobir, K. H. Abate, F. Abd-allah, A. M. Abdulle et al., World Health Organization

, Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study, The Lancet Neurology, vol.16, issue.11, pp.877-97, 2015.

P. Kenigsberg, K. Ersek, L. Gulácsi, K. Karpati, A. Jacques et al., Impact socio-économique de la maladie d'Alzheimer et des maladies apparentées en Europe, socio-economic impact of alzheimer type diseases in europe, Gérontologie et société. 1 sept, vol.32, issue.1, pp.297-318, 2009.

D. La-maladie, Alzheimer en chiffres

F. Alzheimer,

D. L. Disponible-sur-;-bachman, P. A. Wolf, R. T. Linn, J. E. Knoefel, J. L. Cobb et al., Carcaillon-Bentata L. Épidémiologie de la maladie de Parkinson, données nationales / Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease, French national data, Neurology. mars, vol.43, issue.3, pp.515-524, 1993.

D. Sur,

D. Sur,

D. Sur, The Global Impact of Dementia, 2015.

D. Sur,

A. Bérard, C. Gervès, and J. Aquino, Combien coûte la maladie d'Alzheimer ?, vol.100, 2015.

A. Durand, Alzheimer : 900 000 malades, 2 millions d'aidants, 19 milliards d'euros de coûts? et 0 traitement. Le Monde.fr [Internet]. 21 sept, 2016.

D. Sur, Economic Burden Associated With Parkinson Disease | Patient Care

D. Sur, The Cost of Parkinson's disease

. Parkure, , 2014.

A. Disponible-sur-;-gustavsson, M. Svensson, F. Jacobi, C. Allgulander, J. Alonso et al., Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, vol.21, issue.10, pp.718-79, 2010.

G. J. Brewer, Chapter Thirteen -Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. In: Brewer GJ, éditeur. Environmental Causes and Prevention Measures for Alzheimer's Disease, 2018.

, Capsule outil : Alzheimer : perspectives de traitements, pp.119-145

D. Sur, Wentrup A, Oertel WH, Dodel R. Once-daily transdermal rivastigmine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Drug Des Devel Ther. 6 févr, vol.2, pp.245-54, 2009.

M. Villarroya, A. G. García, J. Marco-contelles, and M. G. López, An update on the pharmacology of galantamine, REMINYL et génériques (bromhydrate de galantamine) : risque de réactions cutanées graves, vol.16, 2007.

. Vidal,

. Disponible, C. G. Parsons, W. Danysz, A. Dekundy, I. Pulte et al., Complementary Mechanisms in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurotox Res, vol.24, issue.3, pp.358-69, 2013.

V. Disponible-sur-;-buschert, A. Bokde, and H. Hampel, Cognitive intervention in Alzheimer disease, Nature Reviews Neurology. sept, vol.6, issue.9, pp.508-525, 2010.

H. C. Kavirajan, Benefits of cognitive-motor intervention in MCI and mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, 2018.

J. E. Disponible-sur-;-ahlskog, Y. E. Geda, N. R. Graff-radford, and R. C. Petersen, Physical Exercise as a Preventive or Disease-Modifying Treatment of Dementia and Brain Aging, Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1 sept, vol.86, issue.9, pp.876-84, 2011.

N. J. Pollack and K. H. Namazi, The Effect of Music Participation on the Social Behavior of Alzheimer's Disease Patients, J Music Ther. 1 mars, vol.29, issue.1, pp.54-67, 1992.

N. Hansen, R. A. Sperling, B. C. Dickerson, M. Pihlajamaki, P. Vannini et al., Functional alterations in memory networks in early Alzheimer's disease, Brain Stimulation for Combating Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol, vol.12, pp.27-43, 2010.

K. Avirame, J. Stehberg, and D. Todder, Benefits of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Alzheimer Disease: Case Series, J ECT. juin, vol.32, issue.2, pp.127-160, 2016.

J. M. Ellis and M. J. Fell, Current approaches to the treatment of Parkinson's Disease

, Bioorg Med Chem Lett, vol.15, issue.18, pp.4247-55, 2017.

, Comment évolue le traitement de la maladie de Parkinson ? -EurekaSanté par VIDAL

. Eurekasanté, , 2018.

M. Disponible-sur-;-zibetti, M. A. Artusi, C. A. Rizzi, L. Angrisano, S. Reggio et al.,

, Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: a 7-year experience, Eur J Neurol. févr, vol.21, issue.2, pp.312-320, 2014.

J. J. Chen and D. M. Swope, Clinical pharmacology of rasagiline: a novel, second-generation propargylamine for the treatment of Parkinson disease, J Clin Pharmacol. août, vol.45, issue.8, pp.878-94, 2005.

M. Hariz, My 25 Stimulating Years with DBS in Parkinson's Disease, J Parkinsons Dis, issue.7, pp.35-43

C. A. Edwards, A. Kouzani, K. H. Lee, and E. K. Ross, Neurostimulation Devices for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders, Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1 sept, vol.92, issue.9, pp.1427-1471, 2017.

D. Sur, Chapter 6 -Parkinson's disease, Baekelandt V, Lobbestael E, éditeurs. Disease-Modifying Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders [Internet, 2017.

. Parkinson,

. Inserm, Market Research Reports

. Disponible, F. Torres, E. Villalon, P. Poblete, R. Moraga-amaro et al., Retrospective Evaluation of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Add-On Treatment for, Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol, vol.6, p.210, 2015.

B. R. Bloem, N. M. Vries, . De, and G. Ebersbach, Nonpharmacological treatments for patients with Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders. 15 sept, vol.30, pp.1504-1524, 2015.

O. Oguh, A. Eisenstein, M. Kwasny, and T. Simuni, Back to the basics: regular exercise matters in parkinson's disease: results from the National Parkinson Foundation QII registry study, Haute Autorité de Santé -Parkinson -Prise en charge non médicamenteuse des troubles moteurs, vol.20, pp.1221-1226, 2014.

J. Pharma-|-citeline-;-cummings, G. Lee, A. Ritter, and K. Zhong, Clinical Trials in Alzheimer's Disease Are Failing: What Can Be Done?, Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. 1 janv, vol.4, pp.195-214, 2018.

. Labiotech and . Eu, , 2018.

D. Sur,

J. Delrieu, P. J. Ousset, and B. Vellas, Gantenerumab for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Expert Opin Biol Ther. août, vol.12, issue.8, pp.1077-86, 2012.

H. Coman and B. Neme?, New Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease, International Journal of Gerontology. 1 mars, vol.11, issue.1, pp.2-6, 2017.

J. Hardy and D. J. Selkoe, The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics, Science. 19 juill, vol.297, issue.5580, pp.353-359, 2002.

M. Steinitz, Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease, Immunotherapy. mai, vol.1, issue.3, pp.461-470, 2009.

C. Caltagirone, L. Ferrannini, N. Marchionni, G. Nappi, G. Scapagnini et al., The potential protective effect of tramiprosate (homotaurine) against Alzheimer's disease: a review, Xconomy: Alzheon Files for IPO to Fund Studies of Amyloid Alzheimer's Drug, vol.24, 2012.

. Xconomy, , 2018.

D. Sur,

S. P. Sardi, C. Viel, J. Clarke, C. M. Treleaven, A. M. Richards et al.,

, Glucosylceramide synthase inhibition alleviates aberrations in synucleinopathy models, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.114, issue.10, pp.2699-704, 2017.

, Parkinson's Therapy Affitope Works by Triggering Immune Response to a Protein

, Parkinson's News Today, 2018.

D. Sur,

K. Andrieux and P. Couvreur, Nanomedicine as a promising approach for the treatment and diagnosis of brain diseases: The example of Alzheimer's disease, Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises. 1 juill, vol.71, issue.4, pp.225-258, 2013.

A. V. Kabanov and H. E. Gendelman, Nanomedicine in the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders, Progress in Polymer Science. 1 août, vol.32, issue.8, pp.1054-82, 2007.

B. Wilson, M. K. Samanta, K. Santhi, K. Kumar, N. Paramakrishnan et al., Poly(nResearch, mars, vol.1200, pp.159-68, 2008.

K. Mohanraj, S. Sethuraman, and U. M. Krishnan, Development of poly(butylene succinate) microspheres for delivery of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater. juill, vol.101, issue.5, pp.840-847, 2013.

A. Trapani, E. De-giglio, D. Cafagna, N. Denora, G. Agrimi et al., Characterization and evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles for dopamine brain delivery, Int J Pharm, vol.419, issue.1-2, pp.296-307, 2011.

F. Re, M. Gregori, and M. Masserini, Nanotechnology for neurodegenerative disorders, Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 1 sept, vol.8, pp.51-59, 2012.

J. K. Sahni, S. Doggui, J. Ali, S. Baboota, L. Dao et al., Neurotherapeutic applications of nanoparticles in Alzheimer's disease, Journal of Controlled Release. 10 juin, vol.152, issue.2, pp.208-239, 2011.

E. Callaway, Gene mutation defends against Alzheimer's disease, Maladie neurodégénérative : mise en évidence de mutations génétiques impliquées, vol.487, 2012.

D. Sur, Pathogenic Lysosomal Depletion in Parkinson's Disease | Journal of Neuroscience

D. Sur, Loss of P-type ATPase ATP13A2/PARK9 function induces general lysosomal deficiency and leads to Parkinson disease neurodegeneration | PNAS

D. Sur,

B. E. Deverman, P. L. Pravdo, B. P. Simpson, S. R. Kumar, K. Y. Chan et al., Credependent selection yields AAV variants for widespread gene transfer to the adult brain, Nat Biotechnol. févr, vol.34, issue.2, pp.204-213, 2016.

L. Katsouri, Y. M. Lim, K. Blondrath, I. Eleftheriadou, L. Lombardero et al.,

, PPAR?-coactivator-1? gene transfer reduces neuronal loss and amyloid-? generation by reducing ?-secretase in an Alzheimer's disease model, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.113, pp.12292-12299, 2016.

, Alzheimer's disease could be treated with gene therapy, suggests animal study | Imperial News | Imperial College London, 2018.

D. Sur, AbbVie and Voyager Therapeutics team up for Alzheimer's gene therapy, Chemical & Engineering News, vol.96, 2018.

B. E. Disponible-sur-;-deverman, B. M. Ravina, K. S. Bankiewicz, S. M. Paul, and D. Sah, Gene therapy for neurological disorders: progress and prospects, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, issue.10, 2018.

D. Sur,

G. Mittermeyer, C. W. Christine, K. H. Rosenbluth, S. L. Baker, P. Starr et al.,

. Long-term, Evaluation of a Phase 1 Study of AADC Gene Therapy for Parkinson's Disease, Hum Gene Ther. avr, vol.23, issue.4, pp.377-81, 2012.

J. Tai, W. Liu, Y. Li, L. Li, and C. Hölscher, Neuroprotective effects of a triple GLP

, GIP/glucagon receptor agonist in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, vol.1678, pp.64-74, 2018.

A. Ott, R. P. Stolk, F. Van-harskamp, H. A. Pols, A. Hofman et al., Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study, Neurology. 10 déc, vol.53, issue.9, pp.1937-1979, 1999.

F. G. De-felice, M. V. Lourenco, and S. T. Ferreira, How does brain insulin resistance develop in Alzheimer's disease?, Alzheimer's & Dementia. 1 févr, vol.10, issue.1, pp.26-32, 2014.

Y. Takamatsu, G. Ho, W. Koike, S. Sugama, T. Takenouchi et al., Combined immunotherapy with "anti-insulin resistance" therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy against neurodegenerative diseases. npj Parkinson's Disease. 23 janv, vol.3, p.4, 2017.

A. Claxton, L. D. Baker, A. Hanson, E. H. Trittschuh, B. Cholerton et al.,

S. Ribari?, Peptides as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules. 30 janv, vol.23, 2018.