N. Schneiderman, G. Ironson, and S. D. Siegel, Stress and Health: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants, Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol, vol.1, pp.607-635, 2005.

S. Hunziker, N. K. Semmer, F. Tschan, P. Schuetz, B. Mueller et al., Dynamics and association of different acute stress markers with performance during a simulated resuscitation, Resuscitation, vol.83, pp.572-578, 2012.

B. K. Al-dabal, M. R. Koura, P. Rasheed, L. Al-sowielem, and S. M. Makki, A Comparative Study of Perceived Stress among Female Medical and Non-Medical University Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Sultan Qaboos Univ, Med. J, vol.10, pp.231-271, 2010.

R. Tosterud, M. L. Hall-lord, K. Petzäll, and B. Hedelin, Debriefing in simulation conducted in small and large groups-nursing students' experiences, J. Nurs. Educ. Pract, vol.4, p.173, 2014.

H. Selye and P. Verdun, Le stress de la vie: le problème de l'adaptation, 1962.

G. Fischer and C. Tarquinio, Chapitre 4. Stress et santé, Psycho Sup, pp.89-112, 2014.

C. Hellemans and C. Van-de-leemput, Stress et mal-être au travail. Encycl. Ressour. Hum. 3ème Édition Paris Vuibert, 2012.

M. Schweitzer, I. Paulhan, and . Manuel-pour,

P. Philippot and C. Douilliez, 2. Émotion, cognition et comportement: apport des modèles émotionnels à la compréhension de l'anxiété, Les troubles anxieux, pp.6-17, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00251298

S. D. Kreibig, Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review, Biol. Psychol, vol.84, pp.394-421, 2010.

A. Pasquier, Les troubles de l'émotion, Santé Ment, pp.32-36, 2013.

M. Bardel and F. Colombel, Rôles spécifiques de l'anxiété trait et état dans l'apparition et le maintien des biais attentionnels associés à l'anxiété: état des lieux et pistes d'investigation, L'Encéphale, vol.35, pp.409-416, 2009.

S. J. Bishop, Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: an integrative account, Trends Cogn. Sci, vol.11, pp.307-316, 2007.

R. J. Davidson, Anxiety and affective style: role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala, Biol. Psychiatry, vol.51, pp.68-80, 2002.

M. Rothé, Activités spécifiques du cortex cingulaire antérieur et du cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral et interactions lors de l'adaptation des comportements, 2010.

C. Chang, C. D. Metzger, G. H. Glover, J. H. Duyn, H. Heinze et al., Association between heart rate variability and fluctuations in resting-state functional connectivity, Neuroimage, vol.68, pp.93-104, 2013.

T. P. Beauchaine and J. F. Thayer, Heart rate variability as a transdiagnostic biomarker of psychopathology, Int. J. Psychophysiol, vol.98, pp.338-350, 2015.

J. F. Thayer, F. Fredrikson, M. Sollers, J. J. Wager, and T. D. , A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev, vol.36, pp.747-756, 2012.

C. Martin, B. Vallet, and B. Riou, Physiologie humaine appliquée (2e édition). Arnette-John Libbey Eurotext, 2017.

S. C. Malpas, Sympathetic nervous system overactivity and its role in the development of cardiovascular disease, Physiol. Rev, vol.90, pp.513-557, 2010.

G. E. Billman, The LF/HF ratio does not accurately measure cardiac sympatho-vagal balance, Front. Physiol, vol.4, 2013.

M. P. Tarvainen, J. Niskanen, J. A. Lipponen, P. O. Ranta-aho, and P. A. Karjalainen, Kubios HRV-heart rate variability analysis software, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed, vol.113, pp.210-220, 2014.

A. J. Camm, M. Malik, J. Bigger, G. Breithardt, S. Cerutti et al., Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interprÉtation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Circulation, vol.93, pp.1043-1065, 1996.

G. E. Billman, H. V. Huikuri, J. Sacha, K. Trimmel, D. S. Quintana et al., Guidelines for Reporting Articles on Psychiatry and Heart rate variability (GRAPH): recommendations to advance research communication, Transl. Psychiatry, vol.6, p.803, 2015.

M. M. Massin, K. Maeyns, N. Withofs, F. Ravet, and P. Gérard, Circadian rhythm of heart rate and heart rate variability, Arch. Dis. Child, vol.83, pp.179-182, 2000.

S. W. Porges, The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology), 2011.

J. Thayer and J. Fischer, Heart rate variability, overnight urinary norepinephrine and Creactive protein: evidence for the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in healthy human adults, J. Intern. Med, vol.265, pp.439-447, 2009.

A. Voss, R. Schroeder, A. Heitmann, A. Peters, and S. Perz, Short-term heart rate variability-influence of gender and age in healthy subjects, PloS One, vol.10, p.118308, 2015.

J. F. Thayer, A. L. Hansen, E. Saus-rose, and B. H. Johnsen, Heart rate variability, prefrontal neural function, and cognitive performance: the neurovisceral integration perspective on selfregulation, adaptation, and health, Ann. Behav. Med, vol.37, pp.141-153, 2009.

D. Servant, J. Lebeau, Y. Mouster, M. Hautekeete, R. Logier et al., La variabilité cardiaque: un bon indicateur de la régulation des émotions, J. Thérapie Comport. Cogn, vol.18, pp.45-48, 2008.

R. Lampert, J. D. Bremner, S. Su, A. Miller, F. Lee et al., Decreased heart rate variability is associated with higher levels of inflammation in middle-aged men, Am. Heart J, vol.156, pp.759-760, 2008.

A. J. Shah, R. Lampert, J. Goldberg, E. Veledar, J. D. Bremner et al., Posttraumatic stress disorder and impaired autonomic modulation in male twins, Biol. Psychiatry, vol.73, pp.1103-1110, 2013.

T. Leti and V. A. Bricout, Interest of analyses of heart rate variability in the prevention of fatigue states in senior runners, Auton. Neurosci. Basic Clin, vol.173, pp.14-21, 2013.

A. Malliani, F. Lombardi, and M. Pagani, Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability: a tool to explore neural regulatory mechanisms, Br. Heart J, vol.71, p.1, 1994.

A. J. Camm, M. Malik, J. Bigger, G. Breithardt, S. Cerutti et al., Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interprÉtation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Circulation, vol.93, pp.1043-1065, 1996.

J. F. Thayer, F. Fredrikson, M. Sollers, J. J. Wager, and T. D. , A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev, vol.36, pp.747-756, 2012.

K. Mandrick, V. Peysakhovich, F. Rémy, E. Lepron, and M. Causse, Neural and psychophysiological correlates of human performance under stress and high mental workload, Biol. Psychol, vol.121, pp.62-73, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01402108

S. Mackinnon, R. Gevirtz, R. Mccraty, and M. Brown, Utilizing heartbeat evoked potentials to identify cardiac regulation of vagal afferents during emotion and resonant breathing, Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback, vol.38, pp.241-255, 2013.

C. Luft and J. Bhattacharya, Aroused with heart: Modulation of heartbeat evoked potential by arousal induction and its oscillatory correlates, Sci. Rep, vol.5, p.15717, 2015.

K. Khodik, Self-Regulation and Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: Promoting Emotional and Spiritual Fitness in Alcohol Addiction Treatment, 2013.

J. A. Chalmers, D. S. Quintana, J. Maree, A. Abbott, and A. H. Kemp, Anxiety disorders are associated with reduced heart rate variability: a meta-analysis. Front, Psychiatry, vol.5, 2014.

F. Dutheil, G. Boudet, C. Perrier, G. Lac, L. Ouchchane et al., JOBSTRESS study: comparison of heart rate variability in emergency physicians working a 24-hour shift or a 14-hour night shift-a randomized trial, Int. J. Cardiol, vol.158, pp.322-325, 2012.

S. L. Adams, D. M. Roxe, J. Weiss, F. Zhang, and J. E. Rosenthal, Ambulatory blood pressure and Holter monitoring of emergency physicians before, during, and after a night shift, Acad. Emerg. Med, vol.5, pp.871-877, 1998.

V. Goessl, J. Curtiss, and S. Hofmann, The effect of heart rate variability biofeedback training on stress and anxiety: a meta-analysis, Psychol. Med, vol.1, issue.9, 2012.

, État de l'art (national et international) en matière de pratiques de simulation dans le domaine de la santé

, Haute Autorité de santé, 2012.

, Effectiveness of patient simulation in nursing education: meta-analysis, Nurse Educ. Today, vol.35, pp.176-182, 2015.

L. C. Stayt, C. Merriman, B. Ricketts, S. Morton, and T. Simpson, Recognizing and managing a deteriorating patient: a randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of clinical simulation in improving clinical performance in undergraduate nursing students, J. Adv. Nurs, vol.71, pp.2563-2574, 2015.

J. K. Hayden, R. A. Smiley, M. Alexander, S. Kardong-edgren, and P. R. Jeffries, Supplement: The NCSBN National Simulation Study: A longitudinal, randomized, controlled study replacing clinical hours with simulation in prelicensure nursing education, J. Nurs. Regul, vol.5, pp.1-64, 2014.

J. Chamberlain, Prebriefing in nursing simulation: A concept analysis using Rodger's methodology, Clin. Simul. Nurs, vol.11, pp.318-322, 2015.

R. P. Cant and S. J. Cooper, Use of simulation-based learning in undergraduate nurse education: An umbrella systematic review, Nurse Educ. Today, vol.49, pp.63-71, 2017.

J. Doolen, B. Mariani, T. Atz, T. L. Horsley, J. O'rourke et al., High-fidelity simulation in undergraduate nursing education: A review of simulation reviews, Clin. Simul. Nurs, vol.12, pp.290-302, 2016.

N. Pecquenard, L. Goff, L. Perrot, C. Tony, and A. , Pratiques simulées et évolution de la posture du formateur, Object. Soins Manag, pp.46-55, 2015.

C. Foronda, S. Liu, and E. B. Bauman, Evaluation of simulation in undergraduate nurse education: An integrative review, Clin. Simul. Nurs, vol.9, pp.409-416, 2013.

S. D. Kreibig, Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review, Biol. Psychol, vol.84, pp.394-421, 2010.

G. N. Onovo, Human Patient Simulations: Evaluation of Self-Efficacy and Anxiety

, Handb. Res. Adult Community Health Educ. Tools Trends Methodol. Tools Trends Methodol, p.233, 2014.

L. Wilson and R. A. Wittmann-price, Review manual for the Certified Healthcare Simulation Educator exam, 2014.

D. Giles, N. Draper, and W. Neil, Validity of the Polar V800 heart rate monitor to measure RR intervals at rest, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, vol.116, pp.563-571, 2016.

R. Orsila, M. Virtanen, T. Luukkaala, M. Tarvainen, P. Karjalainen et al., Perceived mental stress and reactions in heart rate variability-a pilot study among employees of an electronics company, Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon, vol.14, pp.275-283, 2008.

C. Schubert, M. Lambertz, R. A. Nelesen, W. Bardwell, J. Choi et al., Effects of stress on heart rate complexity-A comparison between short-term and chronic stress, Biol. Psychol, vol.80, pp.325-357, 2009.

D. Kim, Y. Seo, J. Cho, and C. Cho, Detection of subjects with higher selfreporting stress scores using heart rate variability patterns during the day

F. Shaffer and J. P. Ginsberg, An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms

, The prebriefing concept: A Delphi study of CHSE experts, Clin. Simul. Nurs, vol.12, pp.219-227, 2016.

R. Abend, O. Dan, K. Maoz, and S. Raz, Bar-Haim Y. Reliability, validity and sensitivity of a computerized visual analog scale measuring state anxiety, J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry, vol.45, pp.447-453, 2014.

, Atlas de démographie médicale, Conseil National de l'Ordre des Médecins

D. Ghazali, I. Darmian-rafei, J. Nadolny, P. Sosner, S. Ragot et al., Evaluation of stress response using psychological, biological, and electrophysiological markers during immersive simulation of life threatening events in multidisciplinary teams, Aust. Crit. Care, 2017.

H. Mansikka, K. Virtanen, D. Harris, and P. Simola, Fighter pilots' heart rate, heart rate variation and performance during an instrument flight rules proficiency test, Appl. Ergon, vol.56, pp.213-219, 2016.

N. Takahashi, A. Kuriyama, H. Kanazawa, Y. Takahashi, and T. Nakayama, Validity of spectral analysis based on heart rate variability from 1-minute or less ECG recordings, Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol

R. Castaldo, P. Melillo, U. Bracale, M. Caserta, M. Triassi et al., Acute mental stress assessment via short term HRV analysis in healthy adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis, Biomed. Signal Process. Control, vol.18, pp.370-377, 2015.

M. Milosevic, E. Jovanov, K. H. Frith, J. Vincent, and E. Zaluzec, Preliminary analysis of physiological changes of nursing students during training, 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE, pp.3772-3775

D. Nunan, G. Sandercock, and D. A. Brodie, A Quantitative Systematic Review of Normal Values for Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Adults: REVIEW OF SHORT-TERM HRV VALUES, Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol, vol.33, pp.1407-1424, 2010.

M. De-couck, R. Cserjesi, R. Caers, W. Zijlstra, D. Widjaja et al., Effects of short and prolonged transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on heart rate variability in healthy subjects, Auton. Neurosci. Basic Clin, vol.203, pp.88-96, 2017.

F. Shaffer, R. Mccraty, and C. L. Zerr, A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart's anatomy and heart rate variability

F. Rahman, S. Pechnik, D. Gross, L. Sewell, and D. S. Goldstein, Low frequency power of heart rate variability reflects baroreflex function, not cardiac sympathetic innervation, Front. Psychol, vol.5, 2014.

, Auton. Res, vol.21, pp.133-174, 2011.

S. Laborde, E. Mosley, and J. F. Thayer, Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research -Recommendations for Experiment Planning, Data Analysis, and Data Reporting

D. Saboul, V. Pialoux, and C. Hautier, The impact of breathing on HRV measurements: Implications for the longitudinal follow-up of athletes, Eur. J. Sport Sci, vol.8, pp.534-542, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01883924

K. Page-cutrara and M. Turk, Impact of prebriefing on competency performance, clinical judgment and experience in simulation: An experimental study, Nurse Educ. Today, vol.48, pp.78-83, 2017.

J. W. Rudolph, D. B. Raemer, and R. Simon, Establishing a safe container for learning in simulation: the role of the presimulation briefing, Simul. Healthc, vol.9, pp.339-349, 2014.

J. F. Thayer, B. Verkuil, J. F. Brosschotj, K. K. West, A. Sterling et al., Effects of the physical work environment on physiological measures of stress, Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil, vol.17, pp.431-439, 2010.

J. F. Thayer, B. Verkuil, J. F. Brosschotj, K. K. West, A. Sterling et al., Effects of the physical work environment on physiological measures of stress, Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil, vol.17, pp.431-439, 2010.

G. Addolorato, C. Ancona, E. Capristo, R. Graziosetto, D. Rienzo et al., State and trait anxiety in women affected by allergic and vasomotor rhinitis, J. Psychosom. Res, vol.46, pp.283-289, 1999.

R. G. Knight, H. J. Waal-manning, and G. F. Spears, Some norms and reliability data for the State--Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Zung Self-Rating Depression scale, Br. J. Clin. Psychol, vol.22, pp.245-254, 1983.

B. Verkuil, J. F. Brosschot, and J. F. Thayer, Cardiac reactivity to and recovery from acute stress: Temporal associations with implicit anxiety, Int. J. Psychophysiol, vol.92, pp.85-91, 2014.

J. A. Chalmers, D. S. Quintana, J. Maree, A. Abbott, and A. H. Kemp, Anxiety disorders are associated with reduced heart rate variability: a meta-analysis. Front, 86. Appelhans BM, Luecken LJ, vol.5, p.229, 2006.

G. Berna, L. Ott, and J. Nandrino, Effects of emotion regulation difficulties on the tonic and phasic cardiac autonomic response, PloS One, vol.9, p.102971, 2014.

E. Saus, B. H. Johnsen, J. Eid, and J. F. Thayer, Who benefits from simulator training: Personality and heart rate variability in relation to situation awareness during navigation training, Comput. Hum. Behav, vol.28, pp.1262-1268, 2012.

A. Z. Al-ghareeb, S. J. Cooper, and L. G. Mckenna, Anxiety and Clinical Performance in Simulated Setting in Undergraduate Health Professionals Education: An Integrative Review

, Clin. Simul. Nurs, vol.13, pp.478-91, 2017.

M. Weenk, A. P. Alken, L. J. Engelen, S. J. Bredie, T. H. Van-de-belt et al., Stress measurement in surgeons and residents using a smart patch, Am. J. Surg, 2017.

R. Mccraty, M. Atkinson, V. Stolc, A. A. Alabdulgader, A. Vainoras et al., Synchronization of human autonomic nervous system rhythms with geomagnetic activity in human subjects, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, vol.14, p.770, 2017.

M. Mather and J. F. Thayer, How heart rate variability affects emotion regulation brain networks, Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci, vol.19, pp.98-104, 2018.

P. M. Lehrer and R. Gevirtz, Heart rate variability biofeedback: how and why does it work?, Front. Psychol, vol.5, 2014.

C. Gilbert, The Clinical Handbook of Biofeedback: A Step-by-Step Guide for Training and Practice with Mindfulness, Biofeedback, vol.42, pp.130-132, 2013.

R. Mccraty and M. A. Zayas, Cardiac coherence, self-regulation, autonomic stability, and psychosocial well-being, Front. Psychol, vol.5, 2014.