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K. Sørensen, A. Mouritsen, and L. Aksglaede, Recent secular trends in pubertal timing: implications for evaluation and diagnosis of precocious puberty, Hormone Research in Paediatrics, vol.77, pp.137-145, 2012.

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W. A. Marshall and J. M. Tanner, Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys, Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol.45, pp.13-23, 1970.

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M. E. Herman-giddens, J. Steffes, and D. Harris, Secondary sexual characteristics in boys: data from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings Network, Pediatrics, vol.130, pp.1058-1068, 2012.

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K. Sørensen, L. Aksglaede, and J. H. Petersen, Recent Changes in Pubertal Timing in Healthy Danish Boys: Associations with Body Mass Index, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.95, pp.263-70, 2010.

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A. Parent, D. Franssen, and J. Fudvoye, Current Changes in Pubertal Timing: Revised Vision in Relation with Environmental Factors Including Endocrine Disruptors, Endocr Dev, vol.29, pp.174-84, 2016.

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, What is Kahoot! | How to play Kahoot! Kahoot! n, 2018.

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. Biostatgv--statistiques-en-ligne-n, , 2018.

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. Statistiques-ethniques-|-insee-n.d, July, vol.24, 2018.

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D. Clifford-faugère and G. , Intervention de stimulation olfactive avec du lait maternel pour diminuer la réponse à la douleur procédurale des nouveau-nés prématurés : une étude pilote, 2017.

, L'âge moyen des enfants pour un stade donné n'est peut-être pas l'approche la plus pertinente

, La définition des caucasiens, telle que nous l'avions reprise en référence au travail de Aksglaede (17) pourra être revue et la méthode de détermination pourra être repensée pour une approche plus éthique. Les parents pourraient déterminer eux même les caractéristiques ethniques en complétant une grille qui leur serait soumise, L'analyse dissociée selon l'ethnie est importante et devra être conservée pour l'étude nationale

, L'évolution de la population française amène à réfléchir sur les caractéristiques de l'échantillon cible. Faut-il considérer la population actuelle, multiethnique dans sa globalité ou individualiser des groupes ethniques ? Et jusqu'à quel niveau faut-il remonter dans les ascendants pour considérer une appartenance à un groupe ethnique ?

, Enfin la méthode d'analyse des variables associées comme le surpoids, le statut socioéconomique, voire l'habitat et le mode de vie devra également être spécifiée

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J. S. Fuqua, Treatment and outcomes of precocious puberty: an update, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.98, issue.6, pp.2198-2207, 2013.

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F. M. Biro, M. P. Galvez, and L. C. Greenspan, Pubertal Assessment Method and Baseline Characteristics in a Mixed Longitudinal Study of Girls, Onset of Breast Development in a Longitudinal Cohort. Pediatrics. 1 déc, vol.126, issue.3, pp.1019-1046, 2010.

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E. J. Susman, R. M. Houts, and L. Steinberg, Longitudinal Development of Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Girls and Boys Between Ages 9½ and 15½ Years, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1 févr, vol.164, issue.2, pp.166-73, 2010.

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A. Parent, D. Franssen, and J. Fudvoye, Developmental variations in environmental influences including endocrine disruptors on pubertal timing and neuroendocrine control: revision of human observations and mechanistic insight from rodents, Front Neuroendocrinol, vol.38, pp.12-36, 2015.

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, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité -CRESS UMR1153 n, 2018.

, Au moment d'être admis à exercer la médecine, je promets et je jure d'être fidèle aux lois de l'honneur et de la probité

, Mon premier souci sera de rétablir, de préserver ou de promouvoir la santé dans tous ses éléments, physiques et mentaux

, Je respecterai toutes les personnes, leur autonomie et leur volonté, sans aucune discrimination selon leur état ou leurs convictions. J'interviendrai pour les protéger si elles sont affaiblies, vulnérables ou menacées dans leur intégrité ou leur dignité. Même sous la contrainte

, Je ne tromperai jamais leur confiance et n'exploiterai pas le pouvoir hérité des circonstances pour forcer les consciences

, Je donnerai mes soins à l'indigent et à quiconque me les demandera. Je ne me laisserai pas influencer par la soif du gain ou la recherche de la gloire

, Admis dans l'intimité des personnes, je tairai les secrets qui me seront confiés. Reçu à l'intérieur des maisons, je respecterai les secrets des foyers et ma conduite ne servira pas à corrompre les moeurs

, Je ferai tout pour soulager les souffrances. Je ne prolongerai pas abusivement les agonies. Je ne provoquerai jamais la mort délibérément

, Je n'entreprendrai rien qui dépasse mes compétences. Je les entretiendrai et les perfectionnerai pour assurer au mieux les services qui me seront demandés

, J'apporterai mon aide à mes confrères ainsi qu'à leurs familles dans l'adversité

, Que les hommes et mes confrères m'accordent leur estime si je suis fidèle à mes promesses ; que je sois déshonoré et méprisé si j'y manque