. Bourgeois-marc-louis, Les troubles bipolaires BOURGEOIS Marc-Louis

H. Christian, . Chantal, and M. Masson, , 2017.

G. S. Malhi, D. Bassett, P. Boyce, R. Bryant, P. B. Fitzgerald et al., Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders, Aust N Z J Psychiatry, vol.49, issue.12, pp.1087-1206, 2015.

A. B. Niculescu, Convergent functional genomics of psychiatric disorders, Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, vol.162, issue.7, pp.587-94, 2013.

B. T. Baune and G. S. Malhi, A review on the impact of cognitive dysfunction on social, occupational, and general functional outcomes in bipolar disorder, Bipolar Disord, vol.17, pp.41-55, 2015.

C. Moreno, D. S. Hasin, C. Arango, M. A. Oquendo, E. Vieta et al., Depression in bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions: Major depressive disorder versus bipolar depression, Bipolar Disord, 2012.

H. Grunze, E. Vieta, G. M. Goodwin, C. Bowden, R. W. Licht et al., The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Biological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders: Update 2009 on the Treatment of Acute Mania, World J Biol Psychiatry, vol.10, issue.2, pp.85-116, 2009.

W. H. Organization, The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life

, World Health Organization, 2002.

K. R. Merikangas, J. R. He, J. Kessler, R. C. Lee, S. Sampson et al., Prevalence and Correlates of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry, vol.68, p.241, 2011.

K. R. Merikangas, R. Herrell, J. Swendsen, W. Rössler, V. Ajdacic-gross et al., Specificity of bipolar spectrum conditions in the comorbidity of mood and substance use disorders: results from the Zurich cohort study, Arch Gen Psychiatry, vol.65, issue.1, pp.47-52, 2008.

L. Berk, A. F. Jorm, C. M. Kelly, S. Dodd, and M. Berk, Development of guidelines for caregivers of people with bipolar disorder: a Delphi expert consensus study, Bipolar Disord, vol.13, issue.5-6, pp.556-70, 2011.

L. L. Judd, H. S. Akiskal, P. J. Schettler, W. Coryell, J. Maser et al., The comparative clinical phenotype and long term longitudinal episode course of bipolar I and II: a clinical spectrum or distinct disorders?, J Affect Disord, vol.73, issue.1, pp.19-32, 2003.

L. L. Judd, P. J. Schettler, H. S. Akiskal, J. Maser, W. Coryell et al., Long-term symptomatic status of bipolar I vs. bipolar II disorders, Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, vol.1, issue.2, pp.127-164, 2003.

J. Angst and R. Sellaro, Historical perspectives and natural history of bipolar disorder, Biol Psychiatry, vol.48, issue.6, pp.445-457, 2000.

B. E. Lozano and S. L. Johnson, Can personality traits predict increases in manic and depressive symptoms?, J Affect Disord, vol.63, issue.1, pp.103-111, 2001.

G. S. Malhi, D. Adams, and M. Berk, Is lithium in a class of its own? A brief profile of its clinical use, Aust N Z J Psychiatry, vol.43, issue.12, pp.1096-104, 2009.

J. R. Geddes, S. Burgess, K. Hawton, K. Jamison, and G. M. Goodwin, Long-term lithium therapy for bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Am J Psychiatry, vol.161, issue.2, pp.217-222, 2004.

, Lithium plus valproate combination therapy versus monotherapy for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder (BALANCE): a randomised openlabel trial, The BALANCE investigators and collaborators, vol.375, pp.385-395, 2010.

C. Lefin and M. C. Meyohas, VIH/sida : révolutions et responsabilités, Ethics Med Public Health

D. Serwadda, N. K. Sewankambo, J. W. Carswell, A. C. Bayley, R. S. Tedder et al., Slim disease: a new disease in Uganda and its association with HTLV-III infection, The Lancet, vol.326, issue.8460, pp.849-852, 1985.

N. R. Faria, A. Rambaut, M. A. Suchard, G. Baele, T. Bedford et al., The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations, Science, vol.346, issue.6205, pp.56-61, 2014.

M. Grmek, Histoire du sida. Début et origine d'une pandémie. Paris: Payot, 1989.

. Grmek, , 2017.

H. Masur, M. A. Michelis, J. B. Greene, I. Onorato, V. Stouwe et al., An Outbreak of Community-Acquired Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia, N Engl J Med, vol.305, issue.24, pp.1431-1439, 1981.

F. Barré-sinoussi, J. C. Chermann, F. Rey, M. T. Nugeyre, S. Chamaret et al., Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

, Rev Investig Clin Organo Hosp Enfermedades Nutr, vol.56, pp.126-135, 2004.

F. Bourdillon and A. Sobel, épidémie de sida : le temps des transformations, Trib Santé

M. A. Fischl, D. D. Richman, M. H. Grieco, M. S. Gottlieb, P. A. Volberding et al., The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, N Engl J Med, vol.317, issue.4, pp.185-91, 1987.

K. Girard-p-m and P. G. Vih, , p.2011

, 27. ONUSIDA. Fiche d'information juillet, 2017.

P. Morlat, Prise en charge médicale des personnes vivant avec le VIH : Epidémiologie de l'infection à VIH en France. CNS, ARNS, 2017.

P. Morlat, Prise en charge médicale des personnes vivant avec le VIH : Initiation d'un premier traitement antirétroviral. CNS, ARNS. Avril, 2017.

. Canada, Risque de transmission du VIH: sommaire des données scientifiques

O. Ottawa, Agence de santé publique du Canada, 2013.

B. Varghese, J. E. Maher, T. A. Peterman, B. M. Branson, and R. W. Steketee, Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission: Quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the bases of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2002.

R. F. Baggaley, R. G. White, and M. Boily, HIV transmission risk through anal intercourse: systematic review, meta-analysis and implications for HIV prevention, Int J Epidemiol, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00587268

G. Morrow, L. Vachot, P. Vagenas, and M. Robbiani, Current concepts of HIV transmission, Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, vol.4, issue.1, pp.29-35, 2007.

R. A. Coates and M. T. Schechter, Sexual Modes of Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Ann Sex Res, 2016.

,

J. E. Draughon, Sexual Assault Injuries and Increased Risk of HIV Transmission, Adv Emerg Nurs J, vol.34, issue.1, pp.82-89, 2012.

D. J. Chan, Factors Affecting Sexual Transmission of HIV-1: Current Evidence and Implications for Prevention | BenthamScience, 2018.

J. Fox and S. Fidler, Risk of HIV transmission in discordant partners, 2007.

O. Dosekun and J. Fox, An overview of the relative risks of different sexual behaviours on HIV transmission, Curr Opin HIV AIDS, vol.5, issue.4, p.291, 2010.

C. D. Pilcher, G. Joaki, I. F. Hoffman, F. Martinson, C. Mapanje et al., Amplified transmission of HIV-1: comparison of HIV-1 concentrations in semen and blood during acute and chronic infection, AIDS Lond Engl, vol.21, issue.13, pp.1723-1753, 2007.

W. C. Miller, N. E. Rosenberg, S. E. Rutstein, and K. A. Powers, The Role of Acute and Early HIV Infection in the Sexual Transmission of HIV, Curr Opin HIV AIDS, vol.5, issue.4, pp.277-82, 2010.

H. Ward and M. Rönn, The contribution of STIs to the sexual transmission of HIV, Curr Opin HIV AIDS, vol.5, issue.4, pp.305-315, 2010.

J. Røttingen, W. Cameron, D. Garnett, and G. P. , A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Interactions Between Classic Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV: How Much Really Is Known? Sex Transm Dis, vol.28, p.579, 2001.

E. H. Kaplan and R. Heimer, A model-based estimate of HIV infectivity via needle sharing, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, vol.5, issue.11, pp.1116-1124, 1992.

M. G. Hudgens, I. Jr, M. E. Halloran, K. Choopanya, S. Vanichseni et al.,

, Estimating the transmission probability of human immunodeficiency virus in injecting drug users in Thailand, J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat, vol.50, issue.1, pp.1-14

R. Lee, Occupational transmission of bloodborne diseases to healthcare workers in developing countries: meeting the challenges, J Hosp Infect, vol.72, issue.4, pp.285-91, 2009.

J. A. Patz and D. Jodrey, Occupational Health in Surgery: Risks Extend Beyond the Operating Room, Aust N Z J Surg, vol.65, issue.9, pp.627-636

J. Bruneau, M. Daniel, M. Abrahamowicz, G. Zang, F. Lamothe et al., Trends in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Incidence and Risk Behavior Among Injection Drug Users in Montreal, Canada: A 16-Year Longitudinal Study, Am J Epidemiol, vol.173, issue.9, pp.1049-58, 2011.

É. Roy, I. Richer, C. Morissette, P. Leclerc, R. Parent et al., Temporal changes in risk factors associated with HIV seroconversion among injection drug users in eastern central Canada, AIDS, vol.25, issue.15, p.1897, 2011.

C. L. Miller, T. Kerr, J. C. Frankish, P. M. Spittal, K. Li et al., Binge Drug Use Independently Predicts HIV Seroconversion Among Injection Drug Users: Implications for Public Health Strategies, Subst Use Misuse, vol.41, issue.2, pp.199-210, 2006.

P. Bourgois and J. Bruneau, Needle exchange, HIV infection, and the politics of science

, Confronting Canada's cocaine injection epidemic with participant observation, Med Anthropol, 2000.

G. Kruse, R. Barbour, R. Heimer, A. V. Shaboltas, O. V. Toussova et al., Drug choice, spatial distribution, HIV risk, and HIV prevalence among injection drug users in St, Harm Reduct J, vol.6, issue.1, p.22, 2009.

S. S. Santibanez, R. S. Garfein, A. Swartzendruber, P. R. Kerndt, E. Morse et al.,

, Prevalence and correlates of crack-cocaine injection among young injection drug users in the United States, 1997-1999. Drug Alcohol Depend, vol.77, pp.227-260, 2005.

D. Buchanan, J. A. Tooze, S. Shaw, M. Kinzly, R. Heimer et al., HIV risk behavior, and health status characteristics of "crack" cocaine injectors compared to other injection drug users in three New England cities. Drug Alcohol Depend, 55. Booth RE, vol.81, issue.3, pp.652-61, 2006.

K. E. Nelson, N. Galai, M. Safaeian, S. A. Strathdee, D. D. Celentano et al., Temporal Trends in the Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Risk Behavior among Injection Drug Users in, Am J Epidemiol, vol.156, issue.7, pp.641-53, 1988.

M. W. Tyndalla, S. Curriea, P. Spittala, K. Lia, E. Wooda et al., Intensive injection cocaine use as the primary risk factor in the Vancouver HIV-1 epidemic

D. D. Celentano, A. D. Latimore, and S. H. Mehta, Variations in sexual risks in drug users: Emerging themes in a behavioral context, Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, vol.5, issue.4, pp.212-220, 2008.

K. R. Knight, D. Purcell, C. Dawson-rose, P. N. Halkitis, and C. A. Gomez,

, Risk Taking Among HIV-Positive Injection Drug Users: Contexts, Characteristics, and Implications for Prevention, vol.17, pp.76-88, 2005.

D. Jarlais, D. C. Arasteh, K. Mcknight, C. Hagan, H. Perlman et al.,

, Between Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and HCV With HIV Among Injecting Drug Users in New York City: The Current Importance of Sexual Transmission of HIV, Am J Public Health, vol.101, issue.7, pp.1277-83, 2011.

S. A. Strathdee, N. Galai, M. Safaiean, D. D. Celentano, D. Vlahov et al., Sex Differences in Risk Factors for HIV Seroconversion Among Injection Drug Users: A 10-Year Perspective, Arch Intern Med, vol.161, issue.10, pp.1281-1289, 2001.

O. Bacon, P. Lum, J. Hahn, J. Evans, P. Davidson et al., Commercial Sex Work and Risk of HIV Infection Among Young Drug-Injecting Men Who Have Sex With Men in San Francisco, Sex Transm Dis, vol.33, issue.4, p.228, 2006.

C. B. Mccoy, S. Lai, L. R. Metsch, S. E. Messiah, and W. Zhao, Injection drug use and crack cocaine smoking: independent and dual risk behaviors for HIV infection, Ann Epidemiol, vol.14, issue.8, pp.535-577, 2004.

B. A. Koblin, M. J. Husnik, G. Colfax, Y. Huang, M. Madison et al., Risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men, Aids, vol.20, issue.5, pp.731-739, 2006.

K. Debeck, T. Kerr, K. Li, B. Fischer, J. Buxton et al., Smoking of crack cocaine as a risk factor for HIV infection among people who use injection drugs, CMAJ Can Med Assoc J, 2009.

, Oct, vol.27, issue.9, pp.585-594

N. L. Weatherby, J. M. Shultz, D. D. Chitwood, H. V. Mccoy, C. B. Mccoy et al.,

, Cocaine Use and Sexual Activity in Miami, Florida, J Psychoactive Drugs, vol.24, issue.4, pp.373-80, 1992.

D. Longshore and M. D. Anglin, Number of Sex Partners and Crack Cocaine Use: Is Crack an Independent Marker for HIV Risk Behavior?, J Drug Issues, vol.25, issue.1, pp.1-10, 1995.

B. R. Edlin, K. L. Irwin, D. D. Ludwig, H. V. Mccoy, Y. Serrano et al.,

, Behavior Among Young Street-Recruited Crack Cocaine Smokers in Three American Cities: An Interim Report, J Psychoactive Drugs, vol.24, issue.4, pp.363-71, 1992.

M. Md, M. Eal, and R. Edd, Crack 'Hos and Skeezers: Traumatic experiences of women crack users, J Sex Res, vol.29, issue.2, pp.275-87, 1992.

J. A. Inciardi, A. E. Pottieger, M. A. Forney, D. D. Chitwood, and D. C. Mcbride, Prostitution, Iv Drug Use, and Sexfor-Crack Exchanges Among Serious Delinquents: Risks for Hiv Infection*, Criminology, vol.29, issue.2, pp.221-256

R. E. Booth, J. K. Watters, and D. D. Chitwood, HIV risk-related sex behaviors among injection drug users, crack smokers, and injection drug users who smoke crack, Am J Public Health, vol.83, issue.8, pp.1144-1152, 1993.

C. F. Kwiatkowski and R. E. Booth, HIV-Seropositive Drug Users and Unprotected Sex, AIDS

. Behav, , vol.2, pp.151-160, 1998.

G. Colfax, G. Santos, P. Chu, E. Vittinghoff, A. Pluddemann et al., Amphetaminegroup substances and HIV. The Lancet, vol.376, pp.458-74, 2010.

F. Molitor, S. R. Truax, J. D. Ruiz, and R. K. Sun, Association of methamphetamine use during sex with risky sexual behaviors and HIV infection among non-injection drug users, West J Med, 1998.

B. Leigh and R. Stall, Substance use and risky sexual behavior for exposure to HIV, vol.48, 1993.

D. W. Purcell, S. Moss, R. H. Remien, W. J. Woods, and J. T. Parsons, Illicit substance use, sexual risk, and HIV-positive gay and bisexual men: differences by serostatus of casual partners, AIDS, 2005.

J. W. Carey, R. Mejia, T. Bingham, C. Ciesielski, D. Gelaude et al., Drug Use, HighRisk Sex Behaviors, and Increased Risk for Recent HIV Infection among Men who Have Sex with Men in Chicago and Los Angeles, AIDS Behav, vol.13, issue.6, p.1084, 2009.

M. W. Ross and M. L. Williams, Sexual Behavior and Illicit Drug Use, Annu Rev Sex Res, vol.12, issue.1, pp.290-310, 2001.

S. A. Strathdee and J. K. Stockman, Epidemiology of HIV Among Injecting and Non-injecting Drug Users: Current Trends and Implications for Interventions. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, vol.7, pp.99-106, 2010.

C. M. Rousseau, R. W. Nduati, B. A. Richardson, M. S. Steele, G. C. John-stewart et al., Longitudinal Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Breast Milk and of Its Relationship to Infant Infection and Maternal Disease, J Infect Dis, vol.187, issue.5, pp.741-748, 2003.

S. R. Ellington, C. C. King, and A. P. Kourtis, Host factors that influence mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: genetics, coinfections, behavior and nutrition, Future Virol, vol.6, issue.12, pp.1451-69, 2011.

R. C. Hershow, K. A. Riester, J. Lew, T. C. Quinn, L. M. Mofenson et al., Increased Vertical Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus from Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Mothers, J Infect Dis, vol.176, issue.2, pp.414-434, 1997.

T. Pillay, M. Khan, J. Moodley, M. Adhikari, and H. Coovadia, Perinatal tuberculosis and HIV-1: considerations for resource-limited settings, Lancet Infect Dis, vol.4, issue.3, pp.155-65, 2004.

M. P. Carey, L. S. Weinhardt, and K. B. Carey, Prevalence of infection with HIV among the seriously mentally ill: Review of research and implications for practice, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, vol.26, issue.3, 1995.

F. Cournos and K. Mckinnon, HIV seroprevalence among people with severe mental illness in the United States: A critical review, Clin Psychol Rev, vol.17, issue.3, pp.259-69, 1997.

G. M. Mcquillan, M. Khare, J. M. Karon, C. A. Schable, and D. Vlahov, Update on the Seroepidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States Household Population: NHANES III, 1988-1994, JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, vol.14, issue.4, p.355, 1997.

, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, DSM5. American Psychiatric Association, 2013.

I. Kopeykina, H. Kim, T. Khatun, J. Boland, S. Haeri et al., Hypersexuality and couple relationships in bipolar disorder: A review, J Affect Disord, vol.195, pp.1-14, 2016.

M. H. Sacks, C. Silberstein, P. Weiler, and S. Perry, HIV-Related Risk Factors in Acute Psychiatric Inpatients, Psychiatr Serv, vol.41, issue.4, pp.449-51, 1990.

J. Baillargeon, S. Ducate, J. Pulvino, P. Bradshaw, O. Murray et al., The association of psychiatric disorders and HIV infection in the correctional setting, Ann Epidemiol, 2003.

W. De-sousa-gurgel, A. H. Da-silva-carneiro, D. Barreto-rebouças, N. De-matos, and K. J. ,

M. Leitão, T. De-matos-e-souza, and F. G. , Prevalence of bipolar disorder in a HIVinfected outpatient population, AIDS Care, vol.25, issue.12, pp.1499-503, 2013.

C. Ribeiro, W. S. Gurgel, J. Luna, K. Matos, and F. Souza, Is bipolar disorder a risk factor for HIV infection?, J Affect Disord, vol.146, issue.1, pp.66-70, 2013.

A. Jallow, G. Ljunggren, P. Wändell, L. Wahlström, and A. C. Carlsson, HIV-infection and psychiatric illnesses -A double edged sword that threatens the vision of a contained epidemic: The Greater Stockholm HIV Cohort Study, J Infect, vol.74, issue.1, pp.22-30, 2017.

J. Beyer, M. Kuchibhatla, K. Gersing, and K. Krishnan, Medical comorbidity in a bipolar outpatient clinical population. Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol, vol.30, pp.401-405, 2005.

J. L. Beyer, L. Taylor, K. R. Gersing, and K. Krishnan, Prevalence of HIV infection in a general psychiatric outpatient population, Psychosomatics, vol.48, issue.1, pp.31-38, 2007.

C. Bauer-staeb, L. Jörgensen, G. Lewis, C. Dalman, D. Osborn et al., Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness: a total population study of Sweden, Lancet Psychiatry, vol.4, issue.9, pp.685-93, 2017.

S. Chen, L. Wang, J. Chiang, and Y. Shen, Bipolar disorder is associated with an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections: A nationwide population-based cohort study, Sex Transm Dis, 2018.

J. Volavka, A. Convit, P. Czobor, R. Douyon, J. O'donnell et al., HIV seroprevalence and risk behaviors in psychiatric inpatients, Psychiatry Res, vol.39, issue.2, pp.109-123, 1991.

N. K. Özcan, N. E. Boyac?o?lu, S. Enginkaya, H. Dinç, and H. Bilgin, Reproductive health in women with serious mental illnesses, J Clin Nurs, vol.23, 2014.

E. Marengo, D. J. Martino, A. Igoa, G. Fassi, M. Scápola et al., Sexual risk behaviors among women with bipolar disorder, Psychiatry Res, vol.230, issue.3, pp.835-843, 2015.

M. Mazza, D. Harnic, V. Catalano, D. Nicola, M. Bruschi et al., Sexual behavior in women with bipolar disorder, J Affect Disord, vol.131, issue.1-3, pp.364-371, 2011.

M. Sacks, H. Dermatis, W. Burton, J. Hull, and S. Perry, Acute psychiatric illness: Effects on HIVrisk behavior, Psychosoc Rehabil J, vol.17, issue.4, pp.5-18, 1994.

L. Spalt, Sexual behavior and affective disorders, Dis Nerv Syst, vol.36, issue.12, pp.644-651, 1975.

B. E. Mcdermott, F. J. Sautter, D. K. Winstead, and T. Quirk, Diagnosis, health beliefs, and risk of HIV infection in psychiatric patients, Hosp Community Psychiatry, vol.45, issue.6, pp.580-585, 1994.

J. H. Atkinson, J. A. Higgins, O. Vigil, R. Dubrow, R. H. Remien et al., Psychiatric Context of Acute/Early HIV Infection. The NIMH Multisite Acute HIV Infection Study: IV. AIDS Behav, vol.13, p.1061, 2009.

L. K. Brown, W. Hadley, A. Stewart, C. Lescano, L. Whiteley et al., Psychiatric disorders and sexual risk among adolescents in mental health treatment, J Consult Clin Psychol, 2010.

A. J. Stewart, C. Theodore-oklota, W. Hadley, L. K. Brown, G. Donenberg et al.,

, Mania symptoms and HIV-risk behavior among adolescents in mental health treatment, J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol Off J Soc Clin Child Adolesc Psychol Am Psychol Assoc Div 53, vol.41, issue.6, pp.803-813, 2012.

S. Ramrakha, A. Caspi, N. Dickson, T. E. Moffitt, and C. Paul, Psychiatric disorders and risky sexual behaviour in young adulthood: cross sectional study in birth cohort, BMJ, vol.321, issue.7256, pp.263-269, 2000.

P. Perretta, H. S. Akiskal, C. Nisita, C. Lorenzetti, E. Zaccagnini et al., The high prevalence of bipolar II and associated cyclothymic and hyperthymic temperaments in HIV-patients, J Affect Disord, vol.50, issue.2, pp.215-224, 1998.

A. G. Hariri, F. Karadag, P. Gokalp, and A. Essizoglu, Risky sexual behavior among patients in Turkey with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and heroin addiction, J Sex Med, vol.8, issue.8, pp.2284-91, 2011.

S. Himelhoch, J. F. Mccarthy, D. Ganoczy, D. Medoff, L. B. Dixon et al., Understanding associations between serious mental illness and HIV among patients in the VA Health System

, Psychiatr Serv Wash DC, vol.58, issue.9, pp.1165-72, 2007.

J. D. Prince, J. Walkup, A. Akincigil, S. Amin, and S. Crystal, Serious mental illness and risk of new HIV/AIDS diagnoses: an analysis of Medicaid beneficiaries in eight states, Psychiatr Serv Wash DC, vol.63, issue.10, pp.1032-1040, 2012.

C. S. Meade, F. S. Graff, M. L. Griffin, and R. D. Weiss, HIV risk behavior among patients with cooccurring bipolar and substance use disorders: associations with mania and drug abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend, vol.92, pp.296-300, 2008.

C. S. Meade, L. A. Bevilacqua, and M. D. Key, Bipolar disorder is associated with HIV transmission risk behavior among patients in treatment for HIV, AIDS Behav, vol.16, issue.8, pp.2267-71, 2012.

M. P. Carey, K. B. Carey, S. A. Maisto, K. Schroder, P. A. Vanable et al., HIV risk behavior among psychiatric outpatients: association with psychiatric disorder, substance use disorder, and gender, J Nerv Ment Dis, vol.192, issue.4, pp.289-96, 2004.

C. S. Meade, G. M. Fitzmaurice, A. K. Sanchez, M. L. Griffin, L. J. Mcdonald et al., The relationship of manic episodes and drug abuse to sexual risk behavior in patients with co-occurring bipolar and substance use disorders: a 15-month prospective analysis, AIDS Behav, 2011.

K. Fletcher, G. Parker, A. Paterson, and H. Synnott, High-risk behaviour in hypomanic states, J Affect Disord, vol.150, issue.1, pp.50-56, 2013.

L. S. Weinhardt, M. P. Carey, K. B. Carey, S. A. Maisto, and C. M. Gordon, The relation of alcohol use to HIV-risk sexual behavior among adults with a severe and persistent mental illness, J Consult Clin Psychol, vol.69, issue.1, pp.77-84, 2001.

E. Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity

, UNAIDS Terminology Guidelines -2015, 2018.

H. Deacon, Understanding HIV/AIDS Stigma: A Theoretical and Methodological Analysis, vol.122, 2005.

P. W. Corrigan and A. C. Watson, Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness, World Psychiatry, vol.1, issue.1, p.16, 2002.

J. D. Livingston and J. E. Boyd, Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Soc Sci Med, vol.71, issue.12, pp.2150-61, 2010.

W. Mak and R. Cheung, Affiliate Stigma Among Caregivers of People with Intellectual Disability or Mental Illness, J Appl Res Intellect Disabil, vol.21, issue.6, pp.532-577, 2008.

M. .. Chivé, Changer de regard sur soi pour mieux fonctionner: étude de l'impact de la psychoéducation sur l'auto-stigmatisation et le fonctionnement psychosocial des patients souffrants de trouble bipolaire, 2014.

G. Thornicroft, D. Rose, and N. Mehta, Discrimination against people with mental illness: what can psychiatrists do? Adv Psychiatr Treat, vol.16, pp.53-62, 2010.

E. Brohan, D. Gauci, N. Sartorius, and G. Thornicroft, Self-stigma, empowerment and perceived discrimination among people with bipolar disorder or depression in 13 European countries: The GAMIAN-Europe study, J Affect Disord, vol.129, issue.1-3, pp.56-63, 2011.

N. Ellison, O. Mason, and K. Scior, Bipolar disorder and stigma: A systematic review of the literature, J Affect Disord, vol.151, issue.3, pp.805-825, 2013.

S. Ho and A. Holloway, The impact of HIV-related stigma on the lives of HIV-positive women: an integrated literature review, J Clin Nurs, vol.25, issue.1-2, pp.8-19, 2016.

, Reduction of HIV-related stigma and discrimination, 2018.

, Faire face à la discrimination -Surmonter la stigmatisation et la discrimination liées au VIH dans les établissements de santé et ailleurs, 2018.

, Programme commun coparrainé des Nations Unies sur le HIV et le SIDA. Stigmatisation, discrimination et violations des droits de l'homme associées au VIH etudes de cas des interventions réussies, 2005.

B. E. Thomas, F. Rehman, D. Suryanarayanan, J. K. Dilip, M. Dorairaj et al., How stigmatizing is Stigma in the life of people living with HIV: A study on HIV positive individuals from Chennai, South India. AIDS Care, vol.17, pp.795-801, 2005.

C. O. Odimegwu, J. O. Akinyemi, and O. O. Alabi, HIV-Stigma in Nigeria: Review of Research Studies, Policies, and Programmes, AIDS Res Treat, 2017.

J. C. Phelan, E. J. Bromet, and B. G. Link, Psychiatric illness and family stigma, Schizophr Bull, vol.24, issue.1, pp.115-126, 1998.

S. Dinos, S. Stevens, M. Serfaty, S. Weich, and M. King, Stigma: the feelings and experiences of 46 people with mental illness: qualitative study, Br J Psychiatry, vol.184, issue.2, pp.176-181, 2004.

E. N. Day, K. Edgren, and A. Eshleman, Measuring Stigma Toward Mental Illness: Development and Application of the Mental Illness Stigma Scale1, J Appl Soc Psychol, vol.37, issue.10, pp.2191-219

L. Lazowski, M. Koller, H. Stuart, and R. Milev, Stigma and discrimination in people suffering with a mood disorder: a cross-sectional study, Depress Res Treat, p.724848, 2012.

P. L. Morselli, R. Elgie, and . Gamian-europe, GAMIAN-Europe/BEAM survey I--global analysis of a patient questionnaire circulated to 3450 members of 12 European advocacy groups operating in the field of mood disorders, Bipolar Disord, vol.5, issue.4, pp.265-78, 2003.

L. Wolkenstein and T. D. Meyer, What Factors Influence Attitudes Towards People With Current Depression and Current Mania? , What Factors Influence Attitudes Towards People With Current Depression and Current Mania?, Int J Soc Psychiatry, vol.55, issue.2, pp.124-164, 2009.

E. Stip, J. Caron, and A. Mancini-marïe, General population perceptions and attitudes towards schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Prim Care Community Psychiatry, vol.11, pp.157-65, 2006.

T. Sugiura, S. Sakamoto, N. Kijima, F. Kitamura, and T. Kitamura, Stigmatizing Perception of

, Mental Illness by Japanese Students: Comparison of Different Psychiatric Disorders

. Angermeyer, The stigma of mental illness: effects of labelling on public attitudes towards people with mental disorder -Angermeyer -2003 -Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica -Wiley Online Library, 2018.

,

N. Ellison, O. Mason, and K. Scior, Public beliefs about and attitudes towards bipolar disorder: testing theory based models of stigma, J Affect Disord, vol.175, pp.116-139, 2015.

D. Chan and L. Sireling, I want to be bipolar"?a new phenomenon. The Psychiatrist, 2010.

E. E. Michalak, L. N. Yatham, S. Kolesar, and R. W. Lam, Bipolar Disorder and Quality of Life: A Patient-Centered Perspective, Qual Life Res, vol.15, issue.1, pp.25-37, 2006.

J. G. Proudfoot, G. B. Parker, M. Benoit, V. Manicavasagar, M. Smith et al., What happens after diagnosis? Understanding the experiences of patients with newly-diagnosed bipolar disorder

, Health Expect Int J Public Particip Health Care Health Policy, vol.12, issue.2, pp.120-129, 2009.

M. Suto, Stigma Shrinks my Bubble: A Qualitative Study of Understandings and Experiences of Stigma and Bipolar Disorder, Stigma Res Action, vol.2, issue.2, 2012.

L. D. Hawke, S. V. Parikh, and E. E. Michalak, Stigma and bipolar disorder: a review of the literature, J Affect Disord, vol.150, issue.2, pp.181-91, 2013.

O. Aydemir and C. Akkaya, Association of social anxiety with stigmatisation and low self-esteem in remitted bipolar patients, Acta Neuropsychiatr, vol.23, 2011.

C. Cerit, A. Filizer, Ü. Tural, and A. E. Tufan, Stigma: a core factor on predicting functionality in bipolar disorder, Compr Psychiatry, vol.53, issue.5, pp.484-493, 2012.

J. D. Livingston and J. E. Boyd, Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Soc Sci Med, vol.71, issue.12, pp.2150-61, 2010.

B. Levy, E. Tsoy, M. Brodt, K. Petrosyan, and M. Malloy, Stigma, social anxiety, and illness severity in bipolar disorder: Implications for treatment, Ann Clin Psychiatry Off J Am Acad Clin Psychiatr, vol.27, issue.1, pp.55-64, 2015.

G. H. Vázquez, F. Kapczinski, P. V. Magalhaes, R. Córdoba, L. Jaramillo et al.,

, Stigma and functioning in patients with bipolar disorder, J Affect Disord, vol.130, issue.1-2, pp.323-330, 2011.

E. S. Thomé, A. A. Dargél, F. M. Migliavacca, W. A. Potter, D. Jappur et al.,

, Stigma experiences in bipolar patients: the impact upon functioning, J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, vol.19, issue.8, pp.665-71, 2012.

D. A. Perlick, R. A. Rosenheck, J. F. Clarkin, J. A. Sirey, J. Salahi et al., Stigma as a barrier to recovery: Adverse effects of perceived stigma on social adaptation of persons diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder, Psychiatr Serv Wash DC, vol.52, issue.12, pp.1627-1659, 2001.

P. Hayward, G. Wong, J. A. Bright, and D. Lam, Stigma and self-esteem in manic depression: an exploratory study, J Affect Disord, vol.69, issue.1-3, pp.61-67, 2002.

, Home | People Living with HIV Stigma Index, 2018.

G. M. Herek, J. P. Capitanio, and K. F. Widaman, HIV-Related Stigma and Knowledge in the United States: Prevalence and Trends, 1991-1999, Am J Public Health, vol.92, issue.3, pp.371-378, 2002.

T. A. Okoror, C. O. Falade, A. Olorunlana, E. M. Walker, and O. T. Okareh, Exploring the cultural context of HIV stigma on antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS in southwest Nigeria, AIDS Patient Care STDs, vol.27, issue.1, pp.55-64, 2013.

K. Winskell, E. Hill, and O. Obyerodhyambo, Comparing HIV-related symbolic stigma in six African countries: social representations in young people's narratives, Soc Sci Med, 1982.

E. Monjok, A. Smesny, and E. J. Essien, HIV/AIDS -Related Stigma and Discrimination in Nigeria: Review of Research Studies and future directions for Prevention Strategies, Afr J Reprod Health

M. Dahlui, N. Azahar, A. Bulgiba, R. Zaki, O. M. Oche et al., HIV/AIDS Related Stigma and Discrimination against PLWHA in Nigerian Population, PLOS ONE. 2015 déc, vol.10, issue.12, p.143749

R. Mihan, J. Kerr, E. Maticka-tyndale, and . Team, HIV-related stigma among African, Caribbean, and Black youth in Windsor, Ontario. AIDS Care, vol.28, issue.6, pp.758-63, 2016.

S. Paxton, G. Gonzales, K. Uppakaew, K. K. Abraham, S. Okta et al., AIDS-related discrimination in Asia. AIDS Care, vol.17, pp.413-437, 2005.

L. A. Chambers, S. Rueda, D. N. Baker, M. G. Wilson, R. Deutsch et al., HIV and health: a qualitative synthesis, 2015.

,

K. R. Sorsdahl, S. Mall, D. J. Stein, and J. A. Joska, The prevalence and predictors of stigma amongst people living with HIV/AIDS in the Western Province, AIDS Care, vol.23, issue.6, pp.680-685, 2011.

M. A. Adedigba, E. O. Ogunbodede, B. A. Fajewonyomi, O. O. Ojo, and S. Naidoo, Gender differences among oral health care workers in caring for HIV/AIDS patients in Osun State, Afr Health Sci, vol.5, issue.3, pp.182-189, 2005.

C. Reis, M. Heisler, L. L. Amowitz, R. S. Moreland, J. O. Mafeni et al., Discriminatory attitudes and practices by health workers toward patients with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, PLoS Med, 2005.

A. Bukar, R. Gofwen, O. A. Adeleke, O. O. Taiwo, I. S. Danfillo et al., Discriminatory attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS by dental professionals in Nigeria, Odonto-Stomatol Trop Trop Dent J, vol.31, issue.122, pp.34-40, 2008.

S. B. Adebajo, A. O. Bamgbala, and M. A. Oyediran, Attitudes of health care providers to persons living with HIV/AIDS in Lagos State, Nigeria, Afr J Reprod Health, vol.7, issue.1, pp.103-115, 2003.

O. O. Sekoni and E. T. Owoaje, HIV/AIDS stigma among primary health care workers in Ilorin, Nigeria, Afr J Med Med Sci, vol.42, issue.1, pp.47-57, 2013.

N. Pudpong, S. Chariyalertsak, P. Prakongsai, K. Sritahanaviboonchai, and J. Jankhotkaew,

, Developing tools and methods to measure HIV-related stigma & discrimination in health care settings in Thailand, 2014.

J. Elford, F. Ibrahim, C. Bukutu, and J. Anderson, HIV-related discrimination reported by people living with HIV in London, UK. AIDS Behav, vol.12, issue.2, pp.255-64, 2008.

M. A. Schuster, R. Collins, W. E. Cunningham, S. C. Morton, S. Zierler et al., Perceived discrimination in clinical care in a nationally representative sample of HIV-infected adults receiving health care, J Gen Intern Med, vol.20, issue.9, pp.807-820, 2005.

B. Sears, HIV Discrimination in Health Care Services in Los Angeles County: The Results of Three Testing Studies, Wash Lee J Civ Rights Soc Justice, vol.15, p.85, 2008.

S. Bharat, P. Aggleton, P. Tyrer, and . India,

, Geneva: UNAIDS, 2001.

D. Santos, M. M. Kruger, P. Mellors, S. E. Wolvaardt, G. Van-der-ryst et al., An exploratory survey measuring stigma and discrimination experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa: the People Living with HIV Stigma Index, vol.14, p.80, 2014.

T. O. Famoroti, L. Fernandes, and S. C. Chima, Stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS by healthcare workers at a tertiary hospital in, BMC Med Ethics, vol.14, issue.1, p.6, 2013.

R. S. Owolabi, M. O. Araoye, G. K. Osagbemi, L. Odeigah, A. Ogundiran et al., Assessment of Stigma and Discrimination Experienced by People Living with HIV and AIDS Receiving Care/Treatment in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care, vol.11, issue.2, pp.121-128, 2012.

A. Ullah and A. , HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma and Discrimination: A Study of Health Care Providers in Bangladesh, J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care, vol.10, issue.2, pp.97-104, 2011.

E. Ezedinachi, M. W. Ross, M. Meremiku, E. J. Essien, C. B. Edem et al., The impact of an intervention to change health workers' HIV/AIDS attitudes and knowledge in Nigeria: a controlled trial, Public Health, vol.116, issue.2, pp.106-118, 2002.

R. S. Owolabi, M. O. Araoye, G. K. Osagbemi, L. Odeigah, A. Ogundiran et al., Assessment of Stigma and Discrimination Experienced by People Living with HIV and AIDS Receiving Care/Treatment in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care, vol.11, issue.2, pp.121-128, 2012.

N. Kumar, B. Unnikrishnan, R. Thapar, P. Mithra, V. Kulkarni et al., Stigmatization and Discrimination toward People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Coastal City of South India, J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care JIAPAC, vol.16, issue.3, pp.226-258, 2017.

L. C. Simbayi, S. Kalichman, A. Strebel, A. Cloete, N. Henda et al., Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Soc Sci Med, vol.64, issue.9, pp.1823-1854, 1982.

N. Nobre, M. Pereira, R. P. Roine, J. Sutinen, and H. Sintonen, HIV-Related Self-Stigma and HealthRelated Quality of Life of People Living With HIV in Finland, J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, 2018.

K. R. Sorsdahl, S. Mall, D. J. Stein, and J. A. Joska, The prevalence and predictors of stigma amongst people living with HIV/AIDS in the Western Province, AIDS Care, vol.23, issue.6, pp.680-685, 2011.

S. C. Kalichman, L. C. Simbayi, S. Jooste, Y. Toefy, D. Cain et al., Development of a Brief Scale to Measure AIDS-Related Stigma in South Africa, AIDS Behav, vol.9, issue.2, pp.135-178, 2005.

M. J. Fuster-ruizdeapodaca, F. Molero, F. P. Holgado, and S. Mayordomo, Enacted and internalized stigma and quality of life among people with HIV: the role of group identity, Qual Life Res, 2014.

A. O. Adewuya, M. O. Afolabi, B. A. Ola, O. A. Ogundele, A. O. Ajibare et al., Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after stigma related events in HIV infected individuals in Nigeria

, Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, vol.44, issue.9, pp.761-767, 2009.

O. Onyebuchi-iwudibia and A. Brown, HIV and depression in Eastern Nigeria: the role of HIVrelated stigma, AIDS Care, vol.26, issue.5, pp.653-660, 2014.

C. Logie and T. M. Gadalla, Meta-analysis of health and demographic correlates of stigma towards people living with HIV. AIDS Care, vol.21, pp.742-53, 2009.

S. Rueda, S. Mitra, S. Chen, D. Gogolishvili, J. Globerman et al., Examining the associations between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: a series of meta-analyses, BMJ Open, vol.13, issue.7, 2016.

Z. Li, E. Hsieh, J. P. Morano, and Y. Sheng, Exploring HIV-related stigma among HIV-infected Men who have Sex with Men in Beijing, China: A correlation study, AIDS Care, vol.28, issue.11, pp.1394-401, 2016.

R. S. Lee, A. Kochman, and K. J. Sikkema, Internalized Stigma Among People Living with HIV-AIDS, AIDS Behav, vol.6, issue.4, pp.309-328, 2002.

C. S. Crandall and R. Coleman, Aids-Related Stigmatization and the Disruption of Social Relationships, J Soc Pers Relatsh, vol.9, issue.2, pp.163-77, 1992.

D. Rao, T. C. Kekwaletswe, S. Hosek, J. Martinez, and F. Rodriguez, Stigma and social barriers to medication adherence with urban youth living with HIV. AIDS Care, vol.19, pp.28-33, 2007.

E. D. Strachan, W. Bennett, J. Russo, and P. P. Roy-byrne, Disclosure of HIV Status and Sexual Orientation Independently Predicts Increased Absolute CD4 Cell Counts Over Time for Psychiatric Patients, Psychosom Med, vol.69, issue.1, p.74, 2007.

W. R. Wolfe, S. D. Weiser, D. R. Bangsberg, I. Thior, J. M. Makhema et al., Effects of HIV-related stigma among an early sample of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Botswana, AIDS Care, vol.18, issue.8, pp.931-934, 2006.

R. C. White and R. Carr, Homosexuality and HIV/AIDS stigma in Jamaica. Cult Health Sex, 2005.

S. A. Golub and K. E. Gamarel, The impact of anticipated HIV stigma on delays in HIV testing behaviors: findings from a community-based sample of men who have sex with men and transgender women in New York City, AIDS Patient Care STDs, vol.27, issue.11, pp.621-628, 2013.

M. Musheke, H. Ntalasha, S. Gari, O. Mckenzie, V. Bond et al., A systematic review of qualitative findings on factors enabling and deterring uptake of HIV testing in Sub-Saharan Africa, BMC Public Health, vol.13, p.220, 2013.

H. A. Gesesew, T. Gebremedhin, A. Demissie, T. D. Kerie, M. W. Sudhakar et al.,

, Significant association between perceived HIV related stigma and late presentation for HIV/AIDS care in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis, AIDS Data Download, Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance and Assessment Reports (IBBS) Information, Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance and Assessment Reports (IBBS) Review, vol.12, issue.3, 2017.

O. E. Omosanya, O. T. Elegbede, S. M. Agboola, A. O. Isinkaye, and O. A. Omopariola, Effects of stigmatization/discrimination on antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-infected patients in a rural tertiary medical center in Nigeria, J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care, vol.13, issue.3, pp.260-263, 2014.

N. Croome, M. Ahluwalia, L. D. Hughes, and M. Abas, Patient-reported barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral adherence in sub-Saharan Africa, AIDS Lond Engl, vol.31, issue.7, pp.995-1007, 201724.

E. Buregyeya, R. Naigino, A. Mukose, F. Makumbi, G. Esiru et al., Facilitators and barriers to uptake and adherence to lifelong antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected pregnant women in Uganda: a qualitative study, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, vol.17, issue.1, p.94, 201721.

I. T. Katz, A. E. Ryu, A. G. Onuegbu, C. Psaros, S. D. Weiser et al., Impact of HIVrelated stigma on treatment adherence: systematic review and meta-synthesis, J Int AIDS Soc, 2013.

, Nov, vol.13, issue.3, p.18640

J. J. Kinsler, M. D. Wong, J. N. Sayles, C. Davis, and W. E. Cunningham, The effect of perceived stigma from a health care provider on access to care among a low-income HIV-positive population. AIDS Patient Care STDs, vol.21, pp.584-92, 2007.

L. S. Rintamaki, T. C. Davis, S. Skripkauskas, C. L. Bennett, and M. S. Wolf, Social stigma concerns and HIV medication adherence. AIDS Patient Care STDs, vol.20, pp.359-68, 2006.

C. B. Helms, J. M. Turan, G. Atkins, M. Kempf, O. J. Clay et al., Interpersonal Mechanisms Contributing to the Association between HIV-Related Internalized Stigma and Medication Adherence, AIDS Behav, vol.21, issue.1, pp.238-285, 2017.

B. O. Olley, M. J. Ogunde, P. O. Oso, and A. Ishola, HIV-related stigma and self-disclosure: the mediating and moderating role of anticipated discrimination among people living with HIV/AIDS in Akure Nigeria, AIDS Care, vol.28, issue.6, pp.726-756, 2016.

H. Liu, Z. Hu, X. Li, B. Stanton, S. Naar-king et al., Understanding interrelationships among HIV-related stigma, concern about HIV infection, and intent to disclose HIV serostatus: a pretestposttest study in a rural area of eastern China, AIDS Patient Care STDs, vol.20, issue.2, pp.133-175, 2006.

N. S. Wenger, F. S. Kusseling, K. Beck, and M. F. Shapiro, Sexual Behavior of Individuals Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Need for Intervention, Arch Intern Med, vol.154, issue.16, pp.1849-54, 1994.

A. P. Mahajan, J. N. Sayles, V. A. Patel, R. H. Remien, D. Ortiz et al., Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: A review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward, AIDS Lond Engl, vol.22, issue.2, pp.67-79, 2008.

J. Chen, M. K. Choe, S. Chen, and S. Zhang, Community environment and HIV/AIDS-related stigma in China, AIDS Educ Prev Off Publ Int Soc AIDS Educ, vol.17, issue.1, pp.1-11, 2005.

L. C. Simbayi, S. C. Kalichman, A. Strebel, A. Cloete, N. Henda et al., Disclosure of HIV status to sex partners and sexual risk behaviours among HIV-positive men and women, Sex Transm Infect, vol.83, issue.1, pp.29-34, 2007.

P. Peretti-watel, B. Spire, Y. Obadia, J. Moatti, and . Vespa-group, Discrimination against HIVinfected people and the spread of HIV: some evidence from France. PloS One, vol.2, p.411, 2007.

G. J. Wagner, L. M. Bogart, D. J. Klein, H. D. Green, M. G. Mutchler et al., Association of Internalized and Social Network Level HIV Stigma With High-Risk Condomless Sex Among HIVPositive African American Men, Arch Sex Behav, vol.45, issue.6, pp.1347-55, 2016.

M. R. Loutfy, C. H. Logie, Y. Zhang, S. L. Blitz, S. L. Margolese et al., Perceived Mental Illness Stigma and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Adult Psychiatric Outpatients in Rio de Janeiro, Canada. PLoS ONE, vol.7, issue.12, 2012.

J. L. Goulet, S. Molde, S. J. Constantino, D. Gaughan, and P. A. Selwyn, Psychiatric comorbidity and the long-term care of people with aids, J Urban Health Bull N Y Acad Med, vol.77, issue.2, pp.213-234, 2000.

S. Himelhoch, R. D. Moore, G. Treisman, and K. A. Gebo, Does the presence of a current psychiatric disorder in AIDS patients affect the initiation of antiretroviral treatment and duration of therapy?, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, vol.37, issue.4, pp.1457-63, 1999.

S. Himelhoch, G. Chander, J. A. Fleishman, J. Hellinger, P. Gaist et al., Access to HAART and utilization of inpatient medical hospital services among HIV-infected patients with co-occurring serious mental illness and injection drug use. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, vol.29, pp.518-543, 2007.

, Implication des troubles psychiatriques sur l'observance et la tolérance aux traitements antirétroviraux | Request PDF, 2018.

M. J. Repetto and J. M. Petitto, Psychopharmacology in HIV-infected patients, Psychosom Med, vol.70, issue.5, pp.585-92, 2008.

J. D. Maggi and M. H. Halman, The effect of divalproex sodium on viral load: a retrospective review of HIV-positive patients with manic syndromes, Can J Psychiatry Rev Can Psychiatr, 2001.

O. Freudenreich, H. W. Goforth, K. L. Cozza, M. J. Mimiaga, S. A. Safren et al., Psychiatric treatment of persons with HIV/AIDS: an HIV-psychiatry consensus survey of current practices, Psychosomatics, vol.51, issue.6, pp.480-488, 2010.

M. Bary, F. David, J. Gasnault, H. Kerneis, F. Linard et al.,

, Med Mal Infect, vol.34, issue.10, pp.435-484, 2004.

M. B. Blank, S. Himelhoch, J. Walkup, and M. M. Eisenberg, Treatment considerations for HIVinfected individuals with severe mental illness, Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, vol.10, issue.4, pp.371-380, 2013.

D. J. Moore, C. Posada, M. Parikh, M. Arce, F. Vaida et al., HIV-infected individuals with co-occurring bipolar disorder evidence poor antiretroviral and psychiatric medication adherence, AIDS Behav, vol.16, issue.8, pp.2257-66, 2012.

G. J. Wagner, D. E. Kanouse, P. Koegel, and G. Sullivan, Adherence to HIV antiretrovirals among persons with serious mental illness. AIDS Patient Care STDs, vol.17, pp.179-86, 2003.

J. K. Kemppainen, R. Levine, M. Buffum, W. Holzemer, P. Finley et al., Antiretroviral adherence in persons with HIV/AIDS and severe mental illness, J Nerv Ment Dis, 2004.

C. A. Mellins, J. F. Havens, C. Mcdonnell, C. Lichtenstein, K. Uldall et al., Adherence to antiretroviral medications and medical care in HIV-infected adults diagnosed with mental and substance abuse disorders, AIDS Care, vol.21, issue.2, pp.168-77, 2009.

A. W. Carrico, D. R. Bangsberg, S. D. Weiser, M. Chartier, S. E. Dilworth et al., Psychiatric Correlates of HAART Utilization and Viral Load Among HIV-Positive Impoverished Persons, AIDS Lond Engl, vol.25, issue.8, pp.1113-1121, 2011.

J. Badiee, P. K. Riggs, A. S. Rooney, F. Vaida, I. Grant et al., Approaches to identifying appropriate medication adherence assessments for HIV infected individuals with comorbid bipolar disorder. AIDS Patient Care STDs, vol.26, pp.388-94, 2012.

J. Scott and M. Pope, Self-reported adherence to treatment with mood stabilizers, plasma levels, and psychiatric hospitalization, Am J Psychiatry, vol.159, issue.11, pp.1927-1929, 2002.

M. Sacks, H. Dermatis, S. Looser-ott, and S. Perry, Seroprevalence of HIV and risk factors for AIDS in psychiatric inpatients, Hosp Community Psychiatry, vol.43, issue.7, pp.736-743, 1992.

S. Lee, A. B. Rothbard, E. Noll, and M. B. Blank, Use of HIV and psychotropic medications among persons with serious mental illness and HIV/AIDS. Adm Policy Ment Health, vol.38, pp.335-379, 2011.

D. J. Moore, A. Poquette, K. B. Casaletto, B. Gouaux, J. L. Montoya et al., Individualized texting for adherence building (iTAB): improving antiretroviral dose timing among HIV-infected persons with co-occurring bipolar disorder, AIDS Behav, vol.19, issue.3, pp.459-71, 2015.

K. B. Casaletto, S. Kwan, J. L. Montoya, L. C. Obermeit, B. Gouaux et al., Predictors of psychotropic medication adherence among HIV+ individuals living with bipolar disorder, Int J Psychiatry Med, vol.51, issue.1, pp.69-83, 2016.

. Serment-d'hippocrate,

, Mon premier souci sera de rétablir, de préserver ou de promouvoir la santé dans tous ses éléments, physiques et mentaux, individuels et sociaux. Je respecterai toutes les personnes, leur autonomie et leur volonté, sans aucune discrimination selon leur état ou leurs convictions. J'interviendrai pour les protéger si elles sont affaiblies, vulnérables ou menacées dans leur intégrité ou leur dignité. Même sous la contrainte, je ne ferai pas usage de mes connaissances contre les lois de l'humanité. J'informerai les patients des décisions envisagées, de leurs raisons et de leurs conséquences, « Au moment d'être admis(e) à exercer la médecine, je promets et je jure d'être fidèle aux lois de l'honneur et de la probité

, Reçu(e) à l'intérieur des maisons, je respecterai les secrets des foyers et ma conduite ne servira pas à corrompre les moeurs. Je ferai tout pour soulager les souffrances. Je ne prolongerai pas abusivement les agonies. Je ne provoquerai jamais la mort délibérément. Je préserverai l'indépendance nécessaire à l'accomplissement de ma mission. Je n'entreprendrai rien qui dépasse mes compétences, Je les entretiendrai et les perfectionnerai pour assurer au mieux les services qui me seront demandés

, Que les hommes et mes confrères m'accordent leur estime si je suis fidèle à mes promesses, J'apporterai mon aide à mes confrères ainsi qu'à leurs familles dans l'adversité

, Version du Serment d'Hippocrate réactualisée et publiée dans le Bulletin de l'Ordre National des Médecins, 1996.