Nosocomial pneumonia in 27 ICUs in Europe: perspectives from the EU-VAP/CAP study, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, vol.36, issue.11, pp.1999-2006, 2017. ,
Spectrum of practice in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in European intensive care units, Crit Care Med, vol.37, issue.8, pp.2360-2369, 2009. ,
Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia, p.2016 ,
, Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the, Clin Infect Dis, vol.63, issue.5, pp.61-111, 2016.
Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based study, Eur Respir J, vol.15, issue.4, pp.757-63, 2000. ,
Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review, Crit Care Med, vol.33, issue.10, pp.2184-93, 2005. ,
Early predictors for infection recurrence and death in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia, Crit Care Med, vol.35, issue.1, pp.146-54, 2007. ,
Impact of adequate empirical antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis*, Crit Care Med, vol.31, issue.12, pp.2742-51, 2003. ,
Causes and predictors of nonresponse to treatment of intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia*, Crit Care Med. avr, vol.32, issue.4, pp.938-983, 2004. ,
Treatment Failure in Patients with VentilatorAssociated Pneumonia, Semin Respir Crit Care Med, vol.27, issue.01, pp.104-118, 2006. ,
Risk factors for treatment failure in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy, J Crit Care, vol.23, issue.1, pp.34-40, 2008. ,
Association between augmented renal clearance and clinical failure of antibiotic treatment in brain-injured patients with ventilator-acquired pneumonia: A preliminary study, Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med, vol.37, issue.1, pp.35-41, 2018. ,
When antibiotic treatment fails, Intensive Care Med. janv, vol.44, issue.1, pp.73-78, 2018. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-017-4962-2
URL : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00134-017-4962-2.pdf
Nosocomial methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia -epidemiology and trends based on data of a network of 586 German ICUs, 2005. ,
, Eur J Med Res, vol.15, issue.12, p.514, 2010.
, Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Hospital-acquired, Ventilator-associated, and Healthcare-associated Pneumonia, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.171, issue.4, pp.388-416, 2005.
Association between augmented renal clearance and clinical failure of antibiotic treatment in brain-injured patients with ventilator-acquired pneumonia: A preliminary study, Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med, vol.37, issue.1, pp.35-41, 2018. ,
Retrospective Analysis of the Risk Factors and Pathogens Associated With Early-onset Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Surgical-ICU Head-trauma Patients, J Neurosurg Anesthesiol, vol.22, issue.1, pp.32-39, 2010. ,
Pneumopathies communautaires sévères en réanimation : caractéristiques cliniques, bactériologiques et facteurs pronostiques : une expérience tunisienne, Rev Pneumol Clin, vol.70, issue.5, pp.253-262, 2014. ,
Community-acquired Aspiration Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units: Epidemiological and Prognosis Data, Am J Respir Crit Care Med. déc, vol.156, issue.6, pp.1922-1931, 1997. ,
Severe Communityacquired Pneumonia: Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors, Am Rev Respir Dis, vol.144, issue.2, pp.312-320, 1991. ,
Staphylococcus aureus : place et impact dans la prise en charge des pneumopathies nosocomiales, Rev Mal Respir. sept, vol.22, issue.4, pp.595-603, 2005. ,
Epidemiology of Ventilator-acquired Pneumonia Based on Protected Bronchoscopic Sampling, Am J Respir Crit Care Med. déc, vol.158, issue.6, pp.1839-1886, 1998. ,
Bacteremic Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, Scand J Infect Dis, vol.19, issue.6, pp.623-630, 1987. ,
Head-injured patients who are nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus are at high risk for Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, Crit Care Med, vol.27, issue.4, pp.798-801, 1999. ,
Pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus during mechanical ventilation, J Infect Dis, vol.144, issue.1, pp.19-23, 1981. ,
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/144.1.19
, Étude et enquête surveillance des infections nosocomiales en réanimation adultes -Réseau REA-Raisin, 2015.
Impact of methicillin resistance on mortality in Staphylococcus aureus VAP: a systematic review, Eur Respir J. 1 mars, vol.31, issue.3, pp.625-657, 2008. ,
Ventilator-associated pneumonia and mortality: A systematic review of observational studies*: Crit Care Med, vol.37, pp.2709-2727, 2009. ,
Ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care unit : analysis of risk factors for acquisition and mortality, Acta Clin Belg, vol.60, issue.3, pp.114-135, 2005. ,
Impact of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Severe Head Injury, J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care, vol.57, issue.6, pp.1234-1274, 2004. ,
Mortality rate attributable to ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit: a prospective case-control study, Crit Care Med, vol.29, issue.12, pp.2303-2312, 2001. ,
Disease risk and mortality prediction in intensive care patients with pneumonia. Australian and New Zealand practice in intensive care (ANZPIC II), Anaesth Intensive Care, vol.33, issue.1, pp.101-112, 2005. ,
Is Methicillin Resistance Associated with a Worse Prognosis in Staphylococcus aureus Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia?, Clin Infect Dis, vol.41, issue.9, pp.1224-1255, 2005. ,
Bacteremia in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with increased mortality: A study comparing bacteremic vs. nonbacteremic ventilator-associated pneumonia*: Crit Care Med, vol.35, pp.2064-70, 2007. ,
Mécanismes de résistance des cocci à Gram positifMechanisms underlying resistance of Gram-positive bacteria, Réanimation, vol.10, issue.3, pp.267-75, 2001. ,
Correlation between regulation of mecA transcription and expression of methicillin resistance in staphylococci, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.36, issue.1, pp.25-31, 1992. ,
Increased Vancomycin MICs for Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates from a University Hospital during a 5-Year Period, J Clin Microbiol, vol.44, issue.11, pp.3883-3889, 2006. ,
Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era, Nat Rev Microbiol, vol.7, issue.9, pp.629-670, 2009. ,
Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients, The Lancet, vol.359, issue.9308, pp.753-762, 2002. ,
Subglottic Secretion Drainage and Objective Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Crit Care Med, vol.1, 2015. ,
Continuous endotracheal tube cuff pressure control system protects against ventilator-associated pneumonia, Crit Care, vol.18, issue.2, p.77, 2014. ,
A Randomized Study Assessing the Systematic Search for Maxillary Sinusitis in Nasotracheally Mechanically Ventilated Patients: Influence of Nosocomial Maxillary Sinusitis on the Occurrence of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.159, issue.3, pp.695-701, 1999. ,
Noninvasive Ventilation and Survival in Acute Care Settings: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials*, Crit Care Med. avr, vol.43, issue.4, pp.880-888, 2015. ,
Effect of a nurse-implemented sedation protocol on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, Crit Care Med, vol.35, issue.9, pp.2031-2037, 2007. ,
Early enteral nutrition, provided within 24 h of injury or intensive care unit admission, significantly reduces mortality in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, Intensive Care Med, vol.35, issue.12, pp.2018-2045, 2009. ,
Early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: ESICM clinical practice guidelines, ESICM Working Group on Gastrointestinal Function, vol.43, pp.380-98, 2017. ,
Pneumonies associées aux soins de réanimation RFE commune SFAR SRLF, 2017. ,
Impact of alcohol hand-rub use on meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an analysis of the literature, J Hosp Infect. mars, vol.74, issue.3, pp.204-215, 2010. ,
Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, mortality and all intensive care unit acquired infections by topically applied antimicrobial or antiseptic agents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in intensive care units, Crit Care, vol.15, issue.3, p.155, 2011. ,
Antibiotic resistance as an indicator of bacterial chlorhexidine susceptibility, J Hosp Infect, vol.51, issue.2, pp.106-119, 2002. ,
Selective Use of Intranasal Mupirocin and Chlorhexidine Bathing and the Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection Among Intensive Care Unit Patients, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, vol.28, issue.10, pp.1155-61, 2007. ,
Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Prophylaxis for Infection with Topical Intranasal Mupirocin: An Evidence-Based Review, Clin Infect Dis, vol.37, issue.7, pp.933-941, 2003. ,
Traitement du portage nasal de Staphylococcus aureus par la mupirocine nasale et prévention des infections acquises en réanimation. Etude multicentrique contrôlée, Médecine Mal Infect, vol.24, issue.12, pp.1229-1268, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1016/s0399-077x(05)81042-x
, Antibiothérapie par voie générale dans les infections respiratoires basses de l'adulte Pneumonie aiguë communautaire Exacerbations de Bronchopneumopathie Chronique Obstructive Mise au point AFSSAPS, 2010.
, CLSI Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 2013.
Continued in vitro cefazolin susceptibility in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob [Internet]. déc, vol.17, issue.1, 2018. ,
Are all beta-lactams similarly effective in the treatment of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia?, Clin Microbiol Infect, vol.17, issue.10, pp.1581-1587, 2011. ,
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy for Infections With Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, South Med J. juin, vol.98, issue.6, pp.590-595, 2005. ,
Limitations of ceftriaxone compared with cefazolin against MSSA: an integrated pharmacodynamic analysis, J Antimicrob Chemother. 1 juill, vol.73, issue.7, pp.1888-94, 2018. ,
A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use, Drugs. févr, vol.29, issue.2, pp.105-61, 1985. ,
Outcome of Vancomycin Treatment in Patients with Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.52, issue.1, pp.192-199, 2008. ,
Improving Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia and Reported Penicillin Allergy, Clin Infect Dis, vol.61, issue.5, pp.741-750, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1093/cid/civ394
URL : https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/61/5/741/16787653/civ394.pdf
Comparative effectiveness of nafcillin or cefazolin versus vancomycin in methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, BMC Infect Dis, vol.11, issue.1, 2011. ,
The Efficacy and Safety of Linezolid and Glycopeptides in the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infections. van Veen HW, éditeur, PLoS ONE, vol.6, issue.3, p.58240, 2013. ,
, Place du linézolide dans la prise en charge de pneumonies nosocomiales à Staphylococcus aureus résistants à la méticilline (SARM) -Le Pharmacien Hospitalier et Clinicien, 2014.
Early use of imipenem/cilastatin and vancomycin followed by de-escalation versus conventional antimicrobials without de-escalation for patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia in a medical ICU: a randomized clinical trial, Crit Care, vol.16, issue.1, p.28, 2012. ,
, Thérapeutique des infections à Staphylococcus aureus sensible la méticilline
?-Lactam Therapy for Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Comparative Review of Cefazolin versus Antistaphylococcal Penicillins, Pharmacother J Hum Pharmacol Drug Ther, vol.37, issue.3, pp.346-60, 2017. ,
, Propositions d'alternatives à l'oxacilline ou la cloxacilline par voie IV chez l'adulte et l'enfant en contexte de rupture de stock, SPILF 2017
Treatment Outcomes with Cefazolin versus Oxacillin for Deep-Seated Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.59, issue.9, pp.5232-5240, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1128/aac.04677-14
URL : https://aac.asm.org/content/59/9/5232.full.pdf
Comparative effectiveness of cefazolin versus cloxacillin as definitive antibiotic therapy for MSSA bacteraemia: results from a large multicentre cohort study, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.70, issue.5, pp.1539-1585, 2015. ,
Comparison of Cefazolin versus Oxacillin for Treatment of Complicated Bacteremia Caused by MethicillinSusceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.58, issue.9, pp.5117-5141, 2014. ,
Inoculum effect, Rev Infect Dis, vol.11, issue.3, pp.361-369, 1989. ,
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/11.3.361
A test for penicillin sensitivity and resistance in Staphylococcus, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med Soc Exp Biol Med N Y N, vol.61, pp.46-51, 1946. ,
, Comité de l'antibiogramme de la société française de microbiologie. European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 2018.
Inoculum Effect with Cefazolin among Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: Frequency and Possible Cause of Cefazolin Treatment Failure, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.53, issue.8, pp.3437-3478, 2009. ,
Prevalence of blaZ Gene Types and the Inoculum Effect with Cefazolin among Bloodstream Isolates of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.56, issue.8, pp.4474-4481, 2012. ,
Differentiation of beta-lactamase variants of Staphylococcus aureus by substrate hydrolysis profiles, J Infect Dis, vol.159, issue.1, pp.103-111, 1989. ,
Characterization of four beta-lactamases produced by Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.36, issue.2, pp.440-445, 1992. ,
Prevalence of blaZ gene types and the cefazolin inoculum effect among methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus blood isolates and their association with multilocus sequence types and clinical outcome, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. févr, vol.34, issue.2, pp.349-55, 2015. ,
Cefazolin highinoculum effect in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from South American hospitals, J Antimicrob Chemother. 1 déc, vol.68, issue.12, pp.2773-2781, 2013. ,
Relapse of Type A -Lactamase-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Native Valve Endocarditis during Cefazolin Therapy: Revisiting the Issue, Clin Infect Dis, vol.37, issue.9, pp.1194-1202 ,
Clinical experiences with cefazolin and other cephalosporins in bacterial endocarditis, J Infect Dis, vol.128, pp.386-389, 1973. ,
Unsuccessful Treatment of Staphylococcal Endocarditis With Cefazolin, JAMA J Am Med Assoc, vol.237, issue.6, p.569, 1977. ,
Clinical Implications of Cefazolin Inoculum Effect and ?-Lactamase Type on Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia, Microb Drug Resist. 2014réanimation. Réanimation, vol.14, issue.4, pp.264-75, 2005. ,
Feedback dose alteration significantly affects probability of pathogen eradication in nosocomial pneumonia, Eur Respir J, vol.34, issue.2, pp.394-400, 2009. ,
Perfusion continue des bêtalactamines : intérêts, inconvénients, modalités pratiques, Réanimation, vol.18, issue.4, pp.343-52, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.reaurg.2009.03.009
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men, Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am, vol.26, issue.1, pp.11-12, 1998. ,
Multipledose pharmacokinetics of imipenem-cilastatin, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.26, issue.5, pp.715-736, 1984. ,
DOI : 10.1128/aac.26.5.715
URL : https://aac.asm.org/content/26/5/715.full.pdf
Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Are Current -Lactam Antibiotic Doses Sufficient for Critically Ill Patients?, Clin Infect Dis. 15 avr, vol.58, issue.8, pp.1072-83, 2014. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01954093
Antibiotic stewardship in the intensive care unit, Crit Care, 2014. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01313131
Risk factors for target non-attainment during empirical treatment with ?-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients, Intensive Care Med, vol.40, issue.9, pp.1340-51, 2014. ,
A comparison of estimates of glomerular filtration in critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance, Crit Care Lond Engl, vol.15, issue.3, p.139, 2011. ,
Renal function in critically ill postoperative patients: sequential assessment of creatinine osmolar and free water clearance, Crit Care Med, vol.8, issue.2, pp.68-72, 1980. ,
The inflammatory response to surgery and trauma, Curr Opin Crit Care, vol.12, issue.4, pp.325-357, 2006. ,
Augmented Renal Clearance in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Single-Center Observational Study of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, Cardiac Output, and Creatinine Clearance, J Neurotrauma, vol.34, issue.1, pp.137-181, 2017. ,
Augmented Creatinine Clearance in Traumatic Brain Injury, Anesth Analg, vol.111, issue.6, pp.1505-1515, 2010. ,
Augmented Renal Clearance in the ICU: Results of a Multicenter Observational Study of Renal Function in Critically Ill Patients With Normal Plasma Creatinine Concentrations*, Crit Care Med, vol.42, issue.3, pp.520-527, 2014. ,
Augmented renal clearance is a common finding with worse clinical outcome in critically ill patients receiving antimicrobial therapy, J Crit Care, vol.28, issue.5, pp.695-700, 2013. ,
Glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria in critically ill patients, Anaesth Intensive Care, vol.36, issue.5, pp.674-80, 2008. ,
Augmented renal clearance in critical illness: « The Elephant in the ICU, Minerva Anestesiol, vol.81, issue.10, pp.1050-1052, 2015. ,
Implications of Augmented Renal Clearance on Drug Dosing in Critically Ill Patients: A Focus on Antibiotics, Pharmacother J Hum Pharmacol Drug Ther, vol.35, issue.11, pp.1063-75, 2015. ,
What's behind the failure of emerging antibiotics in the critically ill? Understanding the impact of altered pharmacokinetics and augmented renal clearance, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.39, issue.6, pp.455-462, 2012. ,
,
, Subtherapeutic Initial ?-Lactam Concentrations in Select Critically Ill Patients, Chest, vol.142, issue.1, pp.30-39, 2012.
Augmented renal clearance, low ?-lactam concentrations and clinical outcomes in the critically ill: An observational prospective cohort study, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.45, issue.4, pp.385-92, 2015. ,
Association between augmented renal clearance, antibiotic exposure and clinical outcome in critically ill septic patients receiving high doses of ?-lactams administered by continuous infusion: a prospective observational study, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.51, issue.3, pp.443-452, 2018. ,
Are standard doses of cefazolin administered by continuous infusion sufficient for critically ill patients with augmented creatinine clearance? ,
Is Cefazolin Inferior to Nafcillin for Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia? Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.55, pp.5122-5128, 2011. ,
Cefazolin-induced hypoprothrombinemia, Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1 mai, vol.65, issue.9, pp.823-829, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.2146/ajhp070243
Cefazolin and coagulation disorders: a case report, Ann Biol Clin (Paris). janv, issue.1, pp.104-106, 2018. ,
Identification and Characterization of Cefazolin-Induced Liver Injury, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. juill, vol.13, issue.7, pp.1328-1336, 2015. ,
Cefazolin-induced encephalopathy in a uremic patient, Ann Neurol. févr, vol.17, issue.2, pp.211-211, 1985. ,
Is It Clostridium difficile Infection or Something Else? A Case-control Study of 352 Hospitalized Patients With New-onset Diarrhea, South Med J. août, vol.100, issue.8, pp.782-788, 2007. ,
Analysis of an outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection controlled with enhanced infection control measures, Am J Infect Control. août, vol.37, issue.6, pp.458-64, 2009. ,
, Les pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation mécanique SFAR, 2009.
Comparative Evaluation of the Tolerability of Cefazolin and Nafcillin for Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infections in the Outpatient Setting, Clin Infect Dis. 1 août, vol.59, issue.3, pp.369-75, 2014. ,
BetaLactam Infusion in Severe Sepsis (BLISS): a prospective, two-centre, open-labelled randomised controlled trial of continuous versus intermittent beta-lactam infusion in critically ill patients with severe sepsis, Intensive Care Med, vol.42, issue.10, pp.1535-1580, 2016. ,
Low Efficacy of Antibiotics Against Staphylococcus aureus Airway Colonization in Ventilated Patients, Clin Infect Dis. 15 avr, vol.64, issue.8, pp.1081-1089, 2017. ,
Staphylococcal beta-lactamase and efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics: in vitro and in vivo evaluation, J Infect Dis. juin, vol.147, issue.6, pp.1078-89, 1983. ,
Pharmacodynamic profile of commonly utilised parenteral therapies against meticillin-susceptible and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus collected from US hospitals, Int J Antimicrob Agents. sept, vol.44, issue.3, pp.235-276, 2014. ,
The importance of empiric antibiotic dosing in critically ill trauma patients: Are we underdosing based on augmented renal clearance and inaccurate renal clearance estimates?, J Trauma Acute Care Surg. déc, vol.81, issue.6, pp.1115-1136, 2016. ,