. Choc,

.. .. Analyse-biologique,

.. .. Analyse-histologique,

.. .. Analyse-statistique,

.. .. Résultats,

.. .. Histologie,

.. .. Discussion,

.. .. Conclusion,

.. .. Bibliographie,

.. .. Résumés,

. Bibliographie-1.-di and S. Saverio, Changes in the outcomes of severe trauma patients from 15-year experience in a Western European trauma ICU of Emilia Romagna region (1996-2010). A population cross-sectional survey study, Langenbecks Arch. Surg, vol.399, pp.109-126, 2014.

P. Dennen, I. S. Douglas, and R. Anderson, Acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: an update and primer for the intensivist, Crit. Care Med, vol.38, pp.261-275, 2010.

R. Bellomo, J. A. Kellum, and C. Ronco, Acute kidney injury, The Lancet, vol.380, pp.756-766, 2012.

S. M. Bagshaw, C. George, I. Dinu, and R. Bellomo, A multi-centre evaluation of the RIFLE criteria for early acute kidney injury in critically ill patients, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, vol.23, pp.1203-1210, 2008.

E. A. Hoste, RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury are associated with hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort analysis, Crit. Care, vol.10, p.73, 2006.

M. L. Malbrain, Fluid overload, de-resuscitation, and outcomes in critically ill or injured patients: a systematic review with suggestions for clinical practice, Anaesthesiol. Intensive Ther, vol.46, pp.361-380, 2014.

D. Payen, A positive fluid balance is associated with a worse outcome in patients with acute renal failure, Crit. Care Lond. Engl, vol.12, p.74, 2008.

E. Crimi, Ischemia and reperfusion increases susceptibility to ventilator-induced lung injury in rats, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, vol.174, pp.178-186, 2006.

A. S. Santibanez-gallerani, A. E. Barber, S. J. Williams, S. Zhaob, Y. Shires et al., Improved survival with early fluid resuscitation following hemorrhagic shock, World J. Surg, vol.25, pp.592-597, 2001.

J. L. Sperry, Early use of vasopressors after injury: caution before constriction, J. Trauma, vol.64, pp.9-14, 2008.

J. Meier, Norepinephrine increases tolerance to acute anemia, Crit. Care Med, vol.35, pp.1484-1492, 2007.

W. G. Voelckel, Arginine vasopressin, but not epinephrine, improves survival in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after liver trauma in pigs, Crit. Care Med, vol.31, pp.1160-1165, 2003.

M. Poloujadoff, Improved survival after resuscitation with norepinephrine in a murine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, Anesthesiology, vol.107, pp.591-596, 2007.

A. Harrois, Norepinephrine Decreases Fluid Requirements and Blood Loss While Preserving Intestinal Villi Microcirculation during Fluid Resuscitation of Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock in Mice, Anesthesiology, vol.122, pp.1093-1102, 2015.

A. P. Cossu, Vasopressin in hemorrhagic shock: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized animal trials, BioMed Res. Int, p.421291, 2014.

A. J. Feinstein, Early vasopressin improves short-term survival after pulmonary contusion, J. Trauma -Inj. Infect. Crit. Care, vol.59, pp.876-883, 2005.

T. Tamaki, Vasodilation induced by vasopressin V2 receptor stimulation in afferent arterioles, Kidney Int, vol.49, pp.722-729, 1996.

I. Tsuneyoshi, M. Onomoto, A. Yonetani, and Y. Kanmura, Low-dose vasopressin infusion in patients with severe vasodilatory hypotension after prolonged hemorrhage during general anesthesia, J. Anesth, vol.19, pp.170-173, 2005.

N. Mayeur, Morphologic and functional renal impact of acute kidney injury after prolonged hemorrhagic shock in mice, Crit. Care Med, vol.39, pp.2131-2138, 2011.

J. R. Stringham, Mesenteric lymph diversion abrogates 5-lipoxygenase activation in the kidney following trauma and hemorrhagic shock, J. Trauma Acute Care Surg, vol.76, pp.1214-1221, 2014.

L. Wang, A new mouse model of hemorrhagic shock-induced acute kidney injury, Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol, vol.312, pp.134-142, 2017.

M. E. Grams, Fluid balance, diuretic use, and mortality in acute kidney injury

, Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. CJASN, vol.6, pp.966-973, 2011.

S. A. Stern, Low-volume fluid resuscitation for presumed hemorrhagic shock: helpful or harmful?, Curr. Opin. Crit. Care, vol.7, pp.422-430, 2001.

M. Legrand, Fluid resuscitation does not improve renal oxygenation during hemorrhagic shock in rats, Anesthesiology, vol.112, pp.119-127, 2010.

S. C. Yap and H. T. Lee, Acute kidney injury and extrarenal organ dysfunction: new concepts and experimental evidence, Anesthesiology, vol.116, pp.1139-1148, 2012.

A. P. Cossu, Vasopressin in hemorrhagic shock: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized animal trials, BioMed Res. Int, p.421291, 2014.