. .. Les-théories-implicites,

T. Implicites-de-la-personnalité and .. .. ,

L. and .. .. ,

, Théories Implicites de l'intelligence et réussite scolaire

, Théories Implicites de l'intelligence et psychopathologie

, Influence des théories implicites de l'enseignant

.. .. Stéréotypes-de-la-maladie-mentale,

.. .. Stéréotypes,

L. and .. .. ,

.. .. Objectif-de-l'étude,

.. .. Ii-matériel,

.. .. Mesures,

, Questionnaire des Théories implicites de l'intelligence (TIDI)

, Questionnaire des théories Implicites de la maladie mentale (TIMM)

, Questionnaire des stéréotypes de la maladie mentale (CAMI)

.. .. Données,

.. .. Analyse-statistique,

.. .. Aspects,

, Le sujet peut agir sur la maladie mentale

, La maladie mentale ne peut pas s'améliorer

, Les symptômes de la maladie mentale s'améliorent avec la participation active du sujet

, Le sujet ne peut pas agir sur la maladie mentale

, La maladie mentale peut évoluer favorablement

, Le sujet ne peut pas modifier les symptômes de la maladie mentale Les questions suivantes portent sur un(e) patient(e) de 18 ans, avec un diagnostic de schizophrénie posé récemment en centre expert. Vous allez participer à sa prise en charge

, Le sujet peut agir sur la schizophrénie

, La schizophrénie ne peut pas s'améliorer

, Les symptômes de la schizophrénie s'améliorent avec la participation active du sujet

, Le sujet ne peut pas agir sur la schizophrénie

, La schizophrénie peut évoluer favorablement

, Le sujet ne peut pas modifier les symptômes de la schizophrénie

, Les questions suivantes portent sur un(e) patient(e) de 18 ans, avec un diagnostic de trouble anxieux généralisé posé récemment en centre expert. Vous allez participer à sa prise en charge, répondez spontanément sur vos impressions dans ce contexte

, Le sujet peut agir sur le trouble anxieux généralisé

, Le trouble anxieux généralisé ne peut pas s'améliorer

, Les symptômes du trouble anxieux généralisé s'améliorent avec la participation active du sujet

, Le sujet ne peut pas agir sur le trouble anxieux généralisé

, Le trouble anxieux généralisé peut évoluer favorablement

, Les questions suivantes portent sur un(e) patient(e) de 18 ans, avec un diagnostic d'anorexie mentale posé récemment en centre expert. Vous allez participer à sa prise en charge, Le sujet ne peut pas modifier les symptômes du trouble anxieux généralisé

, Le sujet peut agir sur l'anorexie mentale

, L'anorexie mentale ne peut pas s'améliorer

, Les symptômes de l'anorexie mentale s'améliorent avec la participation active du sujet

, Le sujet ne peut pas agir sur l''anorexie mentale

, L'anorexie mentale peut évoluer favorablement

, Le sujet ne peut pas modifier les symptômes de l'anorexie mentale. Les questions suivantes portent sur un(e) patient(e) de 18 ans, avec un diagnostic de dépression posé récemment en centre expert. Vous allez participer à sa prise en charge

, Le sujet peut agir sur la dépression

, La dépression ne peut pas s'améliorer

, Les symptômes de la dépression s'améliorent avec la participation active du sujet

, Le sujet ne peut pas agir sur la dépression

, La dépression peut évoluer favorablement

, Une des principales causes de maladie mentale est un manque d'autodiscipline et de volonté

, Les personnes avec une maladie mentale ont quelque chose qui les différencie facilement des gens normaux

, Aussitôt qu'une personne montre des signes d'un trouble mental, elle devrait être hospitalisée

, La maladie mentale est une maladie comme une autre

, On devrait moins insister pour protéger le public de personnes avec une maladie mentale

, Virtuellement, tout le monde peut développer une maladie mentale

, Les personnes avec des maladies mentales ont été trop longtemps tournées en ridicule

, Nous avons besoin d'adopter une attitude beaucoup plus tolérante envers les personnes ayant des maladies mentales dans notre société

, Nous avons la responsabilité d'offrir les meilleurs soins possibles aux personnes avec de maladies mentales

, Il serait stupide de se marier avec une personne qui a eu une maladie mentale, même si cette dernière semble complètement rétablie

, La majorité des femmes ayant été hospitalisées dans un hôpital psychiatrique sont fiables comme baby-sitters

, Dans la mesure du possible, les services de santé mentale devraient être fournis dans des centres basés dans la communauté

, Les résidents n'ont rien à craindre des personnes qui viennent dans leurs quartiers pour obtenir des soins en santé mentale

, ça fait peur de penser que des personnes avec des problèmes mentaux puissent vivre dans des quartiers résidentiels

C. Garcia, « French Translation and Validation of Three Scales Evaluating Stigma in Mental Health, Frontiers in Psychiatry, vol.8

C. Parada and . Toucher-le-cerveau, Psychochirurgie et psychotropes dans l'histoire des transformations technologiques du sujet, par J.Morel-Cinq Mars | OEdipe

R. A. Freud-s, Sur la dynamique du transfert, pp.107-116, 1912.

C. Cungi, Gd Doss Sci Hum, vol.15, issue.6, pp.15-15, 2009.

C. Rogers and J. Zigliara, La relation d'aide et la psychothérapie. 19e édition

J. L. Krupnick, S. M. Sotsky, S. Simmens, J. Moyer, I. Elkin et al., The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy outcome: findings in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program, J Consult Clin Psychol. juin, vol.64, issue.3, pp.532-541, 1996.

R. Miller, , 2018.

D. Sur,

M. Rana, F. Czens, F. Wingartz, N. Gellrich, and R. M. , Doctors' tacit knowledge on coping processes of oral cancer patients: A qualitative study, J CranioMaxillofac Surg. déc, vol.44, issue.12, pp.1977-83, 2016.

. Goffman and . Stigmate, Les usages sociaux des handicaps, Paris Éditions Minuit, 1975.

C. S. Dweck and E. L. Leggett, A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality, Psychological Review. avr, vol.95, issue.2, pp.256-73, 1988.
DOI : 10.1037//0033-295x.95.2.256

D. B. Miele and D. C. Molden, Naive theories of intelligence and the role of processing fluency in perceived comprehension, J Exp Psychol Gen, vol.139, issue.3, pp.535-57, 2010.

A. E. Wesnousky, G. Oettingen, and P. M. Gollwitzer, Holding a silver lining theory: When negative attributes heighten performance, J Exp Soc Psychol, vol.57, pp.15-22, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jesp.2014.11.001

URL : https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/30746/1/Wesnousky_0-282201.pdf

I. Bråten and H. I. Strømsø, Epistemological beliefs and implicit theories of intelligence as predictors of achievement goals, Contemp Educ Psychol, vol.29, issue.4, pp.371-88, 2004.

L. S. Blackwell, K. H. Trzesniewski, and C. S. Dweck, Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: a longitudinal study and an intervention, Child Dev. févr, vol.78, issue.1, pp.246-63, 2007.

M. Lüftenegger and J. A. Chen, Conceptual Issues and Assessment of Implicit Theories, Z Für Psychol. avr, vol.225, issue.2, pp.99-106, 2017.

C. S. Dweck, C. Chiu, and Y. Hong, Implicit Theories and Their Role in Judgments and Reactions: A Word From Two Perspectives, Psychol Inq. oct, vol.6, issue.4, pp.267-85, 1995.
DOI : 10.1207/s15327965pli0604_1

R. Cabello and P. Fernã¡ndez-berrocal, Implicit theories and ability emotional intelligence, Front Psychol, vol.22, issue.2015
DOI : 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00700

URL : https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00700/pdf

Y. Hong, C. Chiu, and C. S. Dweck, Implicit Theories, Attributions, and Coping: A Meaning System Approach, vol.12, 1999.

C. Chiu, Y. Hong, and C. S. Dweck, Lay Dispositionism and Implicit Theories of Personality, vol.12, 1997.

D. C. Molden and C. S. Dweck, Finding « Meaning » in Psychology: A Lay Theories Approach to Self-Regulation, Social Perception, and Social Development, Am Psychol, vol.61, issue.3, pp.192-203, 2006.

S. R. Levy and S. J. Stroessner, Stereotype Formation and Endorsement: The Role of Implicit Theories, vol.16, 1998.

V. Job, C. S. Dweck, and G. M. Walton, Ego-depletion -Is it all in your head? Implicit theories about willpower affect self-regulation, pp.634112013-142

, American Psychological Association, 2011.

D. S. Yeager, K. H. Trzesniewski, and C. S. Dweck, An Implicit Theories of Personality Intervention Reduces Adolescent Aggression in Response to Victimization and Exclusion, Child Dev. mai, vol.84, issue.3, pp.970-88, 2013.

D. M. Pedersen, The measurement of individual differences in perceived personality-trait relationships and their relation to certain determinants, J Soc Psychol, vol.65, issue.2, pp.233-58, 1965.

L. J. Cronbach, Processes affecting scores on « understanding of others » and « assumed similarity, » Psychol Bull, vol.52, issue.3, pp.177-93, 1955.

S. Srivastava, S. Guglielmo, and J. S. Beer, Perceiving others' personalities: examining the dimensionality, assumed similarity to the self, and stability of perceiver effects, J Pers Soc Psychol. mars, vol.98, issue.3, pp.520-554, 2010.

D. J. Schneider, Implicit personality theory: A review, Psychol Bull, vol.79, issue.5, pp.294-309, 1973.

C. S. Dweck, The development of ability conceptions, 2002.

D. Fonseca, D. Cury, F. Bailly, D. Rufo, and M. , Rôle des théories implicites à l'école primaire. /data/revues/0929693X/v11i10/S0929693X04003215/ [Internet]. 30 juill, 2010.

D. Sur,

J. S. Bruner, Le rôle de l'interaction de tutelle dans la résolution de problème, Le développement de l'enfant : Savoir faire savoir dire, pp.261-80, 1983.

G. D. Heyman, C. S. Dweck, and K. M. Cain, Young children's vulnerability to self-blame and helplessness: relationship to beliefs about goodness, Child Dev. avr, vol.63, issue.2, pp.401-416, 1992.

C. M. Mueller and C. S. Dweck, Praise for intelligence can undermine children's motivation and performance, J Pers Soc Psychol. juill, vol.75, issue.1, pp.33-52, 1998.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.33

P. Perret, M. Dumesny, D. Grandjean, and V. S. Muonghane, Troubles des apprentissages et théories implicites de l'intelligence, Développements, vol.8, issue.2, p.35, 2011.

R. W. Robins and J. L. Pals, Implicit self-theories in the academic domain: Implications for goal orientation, attributions, affect, and self-esteem change, Self Identity, vol.1, issue.4, pp.313-349, 2002.

C. S. Dweck, Can Personality Be Changed? The Role of Beliefs in Personality and Change, Curr Dir Psychol Sci. déc, vol.17, issue.6, pp.391-395, 2008.

M. L. Kamins and C. S. Dweck, Person versus process praise and criticism: Implications for contingent self-worth and coping, Dev Psychol, vol.35, issue.3, pp.835-882, 1999.
DOI : 10.1037//0012-1649.35.3.835

D. Fonseca, D. Schiano-lomoriello, S. Cury, F. Poinso, F. Rufo et al., Validité factorielle d'un questionnaire mesurant les théories implicites de l'intelligence (TIDI). L'Encéphale, sept, vol.33, issue.4, pp.579-84, 2007.

J. C. Turner and H. Patrick, Motivational Influences on Student Participation in Classroom Learning Activities, Teach Coll Rec, vol.106, issue.9, pp.1759-85, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00404.x

L. J. Kray and M. P. Haselhuhn, Implicit negotiation beliefs and performance: Experimental and longitudinal evidence, J Pers Soc Psychol, vol.93, issue.1, pp.49-64, 2007.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.93.1.49

J. L. Burnette, Implicit theories of body weight: entity beliefs can weigh you down, Pers Soc Psychol Bull. mars, vol.36, issue.3, pp.410-432, 2010.
DOI : 10.1177/0146167209359768

L. K. Kammrath and C. Dweck, Voicing conflict: preferred conflict strategies among incremental and entity theorists, Pers Soc Psychol Bull, vol.32, issue.11, pp.1497-508, 2006.
DOI : 10.1177/0146167206291476

Y. Ommundsen, Implicit theories of ability and self-regulation strategies in physical education classes, Educ Psychol, vol.23, issue.2, pp.141-57, 2003.

C. S. Dweck and . Mindset, Mindset: The new psychology of success, The new psychology of success

J. L. Burnette, E. H. O'boyle, E. M. Vanepps, J. M. Pollack, and E. J. Finkel, Mind-sets matter: a meta-analytic review of implicit theories and self-regulation, Psychol Bull. mai, vol.139, issue.3, pp.655-701, 2013.

A. J. Martin, H. G. Nejad, S. Colmar, and G. Liem, Adaptability: How students' responses to uncertainty and novelty predict their academic and non-academic outcomes, J Educ Psychol, vol.105, issue.3, pp.728-774, 2013.
DOI : 10.1037/a0032794

C. S. Dweck, Self-theories : their role in motivation, personality, and development, 1999.

M. Alesi, G. Rappo, and P. A. , Investigating the Improvement of Decoding Abilities and Working Memory in Children with Incremental or Entity Personal Conceptions of Intelligence: Two Case Reports, Front Psychol, vol.6, 1939.

D. Müllensiefen, P. Harrison, F. Caprini, and A. Fancourt, Investigating the importance of self-theories of intelligence and musicality for students' academic and musical achievement, Front Psychol, vol.6, issue.5, 2015.

A. J. Martin, Self-handicapping and defensive pessimism : predictors and consequences from a self-worth motivation perspective, 1998.
DOI : 10.1037//0022-0663.93.1.87

D. Sur,

C. S. Dweck, C. Chiu, and Y. Hong, Implicit Theories: Elaboration and Extension of the Model, Psychol Inq, vol.6, issue.4, pp.322-355, 1995.

B. Spinath, F. M. Spinath, R. Riemann, and A. Angleitner, Implicit theories about personality and intelligence and their relationship to actual personality and intelligence, Personal Individ Differ. 1 sept, vol.35, issue.4, pp.939-51, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00310-0

A. Costa and L. Faria, Implicit Theories of Intelligence and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review, Front Psychol, vol.5, issue.2018

F. Cury, A. J. Elliot, D. Fonseca, D. Moller, and A. C. , The social-cognitive model of achievement motivation and the 2 x 2 achievement goal framework, J Pers Soc Psychol. avr, vol.90, issue.4, pp.666-79, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01440634

F. Cury, D. Fonseca, D. Zahn, I. Elliot, and A. , Implicit theories and IQ test performance: A sequential mediational analysis, J Exp Soc Psychol. mai, vol.44, issue.3, pp.783-91, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jesp.2007.07.003

D. Fonseca, D. Cury, F. Santos, A. Payen, V. Bounoua et al., When Depression Mediates the Relationship Between Entity Beliefs and Performance, Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. juin, vol.40, issue.2, pp.213-235, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01342027

D. Fonseca, D. Cury, F. Santos, A. Sarrazin, P. Poinso et al., How to increase academic performance in children with oppositional defiant disorder? An implicit theory effect, J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. sept, vol.41, issue.3, pp.234-241, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00947507

J. L. Schleider, M. R. Abel, and J. R. Weisz, Implicit theories and youth mental health problems: a random-effects meta-analysis, Clin Psychol Rev. févr, vol.35, pp.1-9, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.11.001

E. D. Ferguson and R. De-charms, Enhancing Motivation: Change in the Classroom, Am J Psychol. juin, vol.90, issue.2, p.333, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/1422061

A. E. Black and E. L. Deci, The effects of instructors' autonomy support and students' autonomous motivation on learning organic chemistry: A self-determination theory perspective, Sci Educ, vol.84, issue.6, pp.740-56, 2000.

E. L. Deci, A. J. Schwartz, L. Sheinman, and R. M. Ryan, An instrument to assess adults' orientations toward control versus autonomy with children: Reflections on intrinsic motivation and perceived competence, J Educ Psychol, vol.73, issue.5, pp.642-50, 1981.
DOI : 10.1037//0022-0663.73.5.642

J. Reeve, E. Bolt, and Y. Cai, Autonomy-supportive teachers: How they teach and motivate students, J Educ Psychol, vol.91, issue.3, pp.537-585, 1999.
DOI : 10.1037//0022-0663.91.3.537

J. Reeve and H. Jang, What teachers say and do to support students' autonomy during a learning activity, J Educ Psychol, vol.98, issue.1, pp.209-227, 2006.

N. Leroy, P. Bressoux, P. Sarrazin, and D. Trouilloud, Impact of teachers' implicit theories and perceived pressures on the establishment of an autonomy supportive climate, Eur J Psychol Educ. déc, vol.22, issue.4, pp.529-574, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00389569

N. Mascret, P. Roussel, and F. Cury, Using implicit measures to highlight science teachers' implicit theories of intelligence, Eur J Psychol Educ. sept, vol.30, issue.3, pp.269-80, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01649431

C. Good, A. Rattan, and C. S. Dweck, Why do women opt out? Sense of belonging and women's representation in mathematics, J Pers Soc Psychol, vol.102, issue.4, pp.700-717, 2012.

D. J. Stipek, K. B. Givvin, J. M. Salmon, and V. L. Macgyvers, Teachers' beliefs and practices related to mathematics instruction, Teach Teach Educ. févr, vol.17, issue.2, pp.213-239, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/s0742-051x(00)00052-4

V. C. Plaut and M. Hr, The « Inside » Story: A Cultural-Historical Analysis of Being Smart and Motivated, American Style. In: Handbook of competence and motivation, pp.457-88, 2005.

R. Butler, Making judgments about ability: the role of implicit theories of ability in moderating inferences from temporal and social comparison information, J Pers Soc Psychol. mai, vol.78, issue.5, pp.965-78, 2000.

P. A. Heslin, G. P. Latham, and D. Vandewalle, The effect of implicit person theory on performance appraisals, J Appl Psychol. sept, vol.90, issue.5, pp.842-56, 2005.

J. E. Plaks, S. J. Stroessner, C. S. Dweck, and J. W. Sherman, Person theories and attention allocation: preferences for stereotypic versus counterstereotypic information, J Pers Soc Psychol. juin, vol.80, issue.6, pp.876-93, 2001.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.876

URL : https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt7sb722b1/qt7sb722b1.pdf?t=o831y3

A. Rattan, C. Good, and C. S. Dweck, It's ok -Not everyone can be good at math": Instructors with an entity theory comfort (and demotivate) students, J Exp Soc Psychol. mai, vol.48, issue.3, pp.731-738, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.12.012

J. Arboleda-flórez and H. Stuart, From Sin to Science: Fighting the Stigmatization of Mental Illnesses, Can J Psychiatry. août, vol.57, issue.8, pp.457-63, 2012.

A. M. Parcesepe and L. J. Cabassa, Public stigma of mental illness in the United States: a systematic literature review, Adm Policy Ment Health. sept, vol.40, issue.5, pp.384-99, 2013.

N. Seeman, S. Tang, A. D. Brown, and A. Ing, World survey of mental illness stigma, J Affect Disord. 15 janv, vol.190, pp.115-136, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.011

S. Payne and . Health, , p.4

J. Arboleda-flórez, Considerations on the Stigma of Mental Illness, Can J Psychiatry, vol.48, issue.10, pp.645-50, 2003.

N. Sartorius, Iatrogenic stigma of mental illness, BMJ. 22 juin, vol.324, issue.7352, pp.1470-1471, 2002.

M. G. Weiss, J. Ramakrishna, and D. Somma, Health-related stigma: Rethinking concepts and interventions, Psychol Health Med, vol.11, issue.3, pp.277-87, 2006.

P. W. Corrigan, How Clinical Diagnosis Might Exacerbate the Stigma of Mental Illness, Soc Work. 1 janv, vol.52, issue.1, pp.31-40, 2007.

M. J. Halter, The stigma of seeking care and depression, Arch Psychiatr Nurs, vol.18, issue.5, pp.178-84, 2004.

L. Kalisova, J. Michalec, D. Hadjipapanicolaou, and J. Raboch, Factors influencing the level of self-stigmatisation in people with mental illness, Int J Soc Psychiatry, vol.64, issue.4, pp.374-80, 2018.

A. Schandrin, J. Norton, S. Raffard, B. Aouizerate, F. Berna et al., A multidimensional approach to the relationship between insight and aggressiveness in schizophrenia: Findings from the FACE-SZ cohort, Schizophr Res, 2018.

D. Sur,

J. E. Boyd, E. P. Adler, P. G. Otilingam, and T. Peters, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale: A multinational review, Compr Psychiatry. janv, vol.55, issue.1, pp.221-252, 2014.

, World Health Organization. Mental health declaration for Europe: Facing the challenges, building solutions. First WHO European ministerial conference on mental health, 2005.

A. Faulkner, Stigma is still a significant concern in mental health, Ment Health Today Brighton Engl. 8 janv, vol.17, 2014.

V. Cremonini, N. Pagnucci, F. Giacometti, and I. Rubbi, Health Care Professionals Attitudes Towards Mental Illness: Observational Study Performed at a Public Health Facility in Northern Italy, Arch Psychiatr Nurs. févr, vol.32, issue.1, pp.24-30, 2018.

J. Liggins and S. Hatcher, Stigma toward the mentally ill in the general hospital: a qualitative study, Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1 sept, vol.27, issue.5, pp.359-64, 2005.

C. A. Ross and E. M. Goldner, Stigma, negative attitudes and discrimination towards mental illness within the nursing profession: a review of the literature, J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 1 août, vol.16, issue.6, pp.558-67, 2009.

G. B. Smith and E. Hukill, Nurses Impaired by Emotional and Psychological Dysfunction, J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, vol.2, issue.6, pp.192-200, 1996.

G. Thornicroft, Shunned: discrimination against people with mental illness, vol.399, 2006.

K. Adriaensen, G. Pieters, and J. De-lepeleire,

T. Voor and P. , , vol.53, pp.885-94, 2011.

S. R. Bailey, An exploration of critical care nurses' and doctors' attitudes towards psychiatric patients, Aust J Adv Nurs Q Publ R Aust Nurs Fed. mai, vol.15, issue.3, pp.8-14, 1998.

P. Patterson, R. Whittington, and J. Bogg, Measuring nurse attitudes towards deliberate self-harm: the Self-Harm Antipathy Scale (SHAS), J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. août, vol.14, issue.5, pp.438-483, 2007.

B. Happell, Mental Health Nursing: challenging stigma and discrimination towards people experiencing a mental illness, Int J Ment Health Nurs. mars, vol.14, issue.1, p.1, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1440-0979.2005.00339.x

K. G. Lethoba, F. G. Netswera, and E. Rankhumise, How professional nurses in a general hospital setting perceive mentally ill patients, Curationis. nov, vol.29, issue.4, pp.4-11, 2006.

T. Mavundla, M. Poggenpoel, and A. G. , Professional nurses' experience of violence when nursing mentally ill people in general hospital settings: A phenomenological study, Health SA Gesondheid J Interdiscip Health Sci, vol.4, 1998.

, The orphans of medicare -The Globe and Mail

A. A. Disponible-sur-;-loch, F. B. Guarniero, F. L. Lawson, M. P. Hengartner, W. Rössler et al., Stigma toward schizophrenia: do all psychiatrists behave the same? Latent profile analysis of a national sample of psychiatrists in Brazil, BMC Psychiatry. 21 mars, vol.13, p.92, 2013.

C. A. Holmes, The slow death of psychiatric nursing: what next?, J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. août, vol.13, issue.4, pp.401-416, 2006.

T. J. Gouthro, Recognizing and Addressing the Stigma Associated with Mental Health Nursing: A Critical Perspective, Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1 janv, vol.30, issue.11, pp.669-76, 2009.

M. Bassiri, Z. Lyons, and S. Hood, Stigmatisation of psychiatrists, p.10

A. Brenner, Stigma about mental illness steers medical students away from psychiatry, The Conversation

T. Ghebrehiwet and T. Barrett, Nurses and mental health services in developing countries. The Lancet. sept, vol.370, pp.1016-1023, 2007.

S. P. Hinshaw, The Mark of Shame: Stigma of Mental Illness and an Agenda for Change, vol.350, 2009.

R. Horton, Launching a new movement for mental health. The Lancet. sept, vol.370, p.806, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61243-4

M. Inzlicht and T. Schmader, Stereotype Threat: Theory, Process, and Application

, , 2011.

C. M. Steele and J. Aronson, Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans, J Pers Soc Psychol, vol.69, issue.5, pp.797-811, 1995.

T. Schmader, M. Johns, and C. Forbes, An Integrated Process Model of Stereotype Threat Effects on Performance, Psychol Rev. avr, vol.115, issue.2, pp.336-56, 2008.

C. M. Steele, S. J. Spencer, and J. Aronson, Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat, Adv Exp Soc Psychol, pp.379-440, 2002.

C. M. Steele, A threat in the air. How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance, Am Psychol. juin, vol.52, issue.6, pp.613-642, 1997.

S. L. Beilock, R. J. Rydell, and A. R. Mcconnell, Stereotype threat and working memory: Mechanisms, alleviation, and spillover, J Exp Psychol Gen, vol.136, issue.2, pp.256-76, 2007.
DOI : 10.1037/0096-3445.136.2.256

URL : http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/07/pdf/070524.beilock.pdf

D. M. Quinn, S. K. Kahng, J. Crocker, and . Discreditable, Stigma Effects of Revealing a Mental Illness History on Test Performance, Pers Soc Psychol Bull. juill, vol.30, issue.7, pp.803-818, 2004.

B. Altemeyer, Jossey-Bass; 1988. xxix, 378. (Enemies of freedom: Understanding right-wing authoritarianism)

. Adorno, . Frenkel-brunswick, and S. Levinson, The authoritarian personality, 1950.

S. L. Neuberg and J. T. Newsom, Personal Need for Structure: Individual Differences in the Desire for Simple Structure, J Pers Soc Psychol. juill, vol.65, issue.1, pp.113-144, 1993.

G. Fletcher, P. Danilovics, G. Fernandez, D. Peterson, and G. D. Reeder, Attributional complexity: An individual differences measure, J Pers Soc Psychol, vol.51, issue.4, pp.875-84, 1986.
DOI : 10.1037//0022-3514.51.4.875

G. Jarvis and R. E. Petty, The need to evaluate, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, issue.70, pp.172-196, 1996.
DOI : 10.1037//0022-3514.70.1.172

J. T. Cacioppo and R. E. Petty, The need for cognition, J Pers Soc Psychol, vol.42, issue.1, pp.116-147, 1982.

D. M. Webster and A. W. Kruglanski, Individual differences in need for cognitive closure, J Pers Soc Psychol. déc, vol.67, issue.6, pp.1049-62, 1994.
DOI : 10.1037//0022-3514.67.6.1049

J. Aronson, C. B. Fried, and C. Good, Reducing the Effects of Stereotype Threat on African American College Students by Shaping Theories of Intelligence, J Exp Soc Psychol. mars, vol.38, issue.2, pp.113-138, 2002.

S. Delouvée and . Psychologie-sociale, , 2010.

R. J. Rydell, K. Hugenberg, D. Ray, and D. M. Mackie, Implicit Theories About Groups and Stereotyping: The Role of Group Entitativity, Pers Soc Psychol Bull. avr, vol.33, issue.4, pp.549-58, 2007.
DOI : 10.1037/e633982013-673

L. Froehlich, S. E. Martiny, K. Deaux, T. Goetz, and S. Y. Mok, Being smart or getting smarter: Implicit theory of intelligence moderates stereotype threat and stereotype lift effects, Br J Soc Psychol. sept, vol.55, issue.3, pp.564-87, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/bjso.12144

D. R. Brothwell, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment and Study of Human Skeletal Remains. British Museum (Natural History), 1972.

K. Davison, Historical aspects of mood disorders, Psychiatry, vol.5, issue.4, pp.115-123, 2006.

P. Laffey, Psychiatric therapy in Georgian Britain, Psychol Med, vol.33, issue.7, pp.1285-97, 2003.

J. Liu, M. H. He-y-l, . Xie-b, . Xu-y-f, and . Tang-h-y, Mental health system in China: history, recent service reform and future challenges. World Psychiatry, vol.10, pp.210-216, 2011.

B. Lalanne and G. Méta, Le texte médical du Papyrus Ebers Transcription hiéroglyphique, translittération, traduction, glossaire et index. Safran, Langues et cultures anciennes (LCA)), 2017.

D. Bhugra, Psychiatry in ancient Indian texts: a review, Hist Psychiatry. juin, vol.3, issue.10, pp.167-86, 1992.

, American Academy Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry. Talking To Kids About Mental Illnesses, 2017.

S. M. Taylor and M. J. Dear, Scaling community attitudes toward the mentally ill, Schizophr Bull, vol.7, issue.2, pp.225-265, 1981.

C. Garcia, P. Golay, J. Favrod, and C. Bonsack, French Translation and Validation of Three Scales Evaluating Stigma in Mental Health. Front Psychiatry [Internet, vol.18

S. Silva-rd-de-c,-albuquerque, V. Muniz-a-de, P. Filho, S. Ribeiro, and P. R. Pinheiro, Reducing the Schizophrenia Stigma: A New Approach Based on Augmented Reality, Comput Intell Neurosci, 2017.

D. H. Schunk, Implicit Theories and Achievement Behavior, Psychol Inq. oct, vol.6, issue.4, pp.311-315, 1995.
DOI : 10.1207/s15327965pli0604_9

URL : http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/D_Schunk_Implicit_1995.pdf

C. A. Anderson, Implicit theories in broad perspective, Psychol Inq, vol.6, issue.4, pp.286-90, 1995.
DOI : 10.1207/s15327965pli0604_2

F. C. Dinger and O. Dickhäuser, Does implicit theory of intelligence cause achievement goals? Evidence from an experimental study, Int J Educ Res, issue.61, pp.38-47, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijer.2013.03.008

D. J. Scott and A. E. Philip, Attitudes of psychiatric nurses to treatment and patients, Br J Med Psychol. juin, vol.58, issue.2, pp.169-73, 1985.

S. Tay, S. Pariyasami, K. Ravindran, M. Ali, and M. T. Rowsudeen, Nurses' attitudes toward people with mental illnesses in a psychiatric hospital in Singapore, J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv, vol.42, issue.10, pp.40-47, 2004.

T. Björkman, T. Angelman, and M. Jönsson, Attitudes towards people with mental illness: a cross-sectional study among nursing staff in psychiatric and somatic care, Scand J Caring Sci. juin, vol.22, issue.2, pp.170-177, 2008.

M. Chambers, V. Guise, M. Välimäki, M. Botelho, A. Scott et al., Nurses' attitudes to mental illness: A comparison of a sample of nurses from five European countries, Int J Nurs Stud. mars, vol.47, issue.3, pp.350-62, 2010.

. Couture-s and . Penn-d, Interpersonal contact and the stigma of mental illness: A review of the literature, J Ment Health. 1 janv, vol.12, issue.3, pp.291-305, 2003.

M. J. Van-der-kluit and P. Goossens, Factors influencing attitudes of nurses in general health care toward patients with comorbid mental illness: an integrative literature review, Issues Ment Health Nurs, vol.32, issue.8, pp.519-546, 2011.

K. Haimovitz and C. S. Dweck, The Origins of Children's Growth and Fixed Mindsets: New Research and a New Proposal. Child Dev, vol.88, pp.1849-59, 2017.

M. Tamir, O. P. John, S. Srivastava, and J. J. Gross, Implicit theories of emotion: affective and social outcomes across a major life transition, J Pers Soc Psychol. avr, vol.92, issue.4, pp.731-775, 2007.

, Mental Health -Project Implicit

D. Sur,