;. ). Arthralgie, , pp.41-43

;. ). Arthrite, , p.42

, Troubles d'hypomobilité autre que les troubles du disque

, Troubles d'hypermobilité (41,42)

C. Pathologies and .. .. ,

). .. Arthrose/arthrite-;-45, Arthrite systémique (41,42), vol.42, p.44

, Condylose / Résorption condylienne idiopathique. (41,42)

). .. Ostéonécrose-;-46, , vol.42, p.45

. Néoplasme,

D. and ). .. , , p.42

A. Définition and .. .. ,

B. Et-méthode and .. .. ,

C. .. Résultats, , vol.3, p.49

E. .. Conclusion,

, Management of Temporomandibular Disorders, J Am Dent Assoc, vol.127, issue.11, pp.1595-603, 1996.

D. Manfredini and L. Guarda-nardini, TMD classification and epidemiology. In: Quintessence publishing, éditeur. Current concepts on temporomandibular disorders, 2010.

D. W. Nitzan, M. F. Dolwick, and G. A. Martinez, Temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis: a simplified treatment for severe, limited mouth opening, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol.49, issue.11, pp.1163-1167, 1991.

F. Monje-gil, D. Nitzan, and R. González-garcia, Temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis. Review of the literature, Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. juill, vol.17, issue.4, pp.575-81, 2012.

E. Schiffman, R. Ohrbach, E. Truelove, J. Look, G. Anderson et al., Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: Recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group, J Oral Facial Pain Headache, vol.28, issue.1, pp.6-27, 2014.

C. S. Greene and D. M. Laskin, Treatment of TMDs: Bridging the Gap Between Advances in Research and Clinical Patient Management. Quintessences books, 2013.

S. Janani, K. Nassar, W. Rachidi, and O. Mkinsi, Physiopathologie de l'arthrose, vol.32, p.5, 2013.

D. Bobinac, J. Spanjol, S. Zoricic, and I. Maric, Changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone histomorphometry in osteoarthritic knee joints in humans, Bone. mars, vol.32, issue.3, pp.284-90, 2003.

J. M. Blair-levy, C. E. Watts, N. M. Fiorentino, N. M. Fiorientino, E. K. Dimitriadis et al., A type I collagen defect leads to rapidly progressive osteoarthritis in a mouse model, Arthritis Rheum. avr, vol.58, issue.4, pp.1096-106, 2008.

B. Sanders, Arthroscopic surgery of the temporomandibular joint: treatment of internal derangement with persistent closed lock. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, vol.62, pp.361-72, 1986.

, Arthrographic evaluation of disk position following mandibular manipulation technique for internal derangement with closed lock of the temporomandi, PubMed -NCBI

E. Kubota, T. Kubota, J. Matsumoto, T. Shibata, and K. I. Murakami, Synovial fluid cytokines and proteinases as markers of temporomandibular joint disease, J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. févr, vol.56, issue.2, pp.192-200, 1998.

D. W. Nitzan, B. Samson, and H. Better, Long-term outcome of arthrocentesis for suddenonset, persistent, severe closed lock of the temporomandibular joint, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol.55, issue.2, pp.151-157, 1997.

W. Hirota, Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid reduces total amounts of leukotriene C4, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, prostaglandin F2alpha and interleukin-1beta in synovial fluid of patients with internal derangement in disorders of the temporomandibular joint, Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. févr, vol.36, issue.1, pp.35-43, 1998.

P. M. Van-der-kraan and W. B. Van-den-berg, Chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteoarthritis: role in initiation and progression of cartilage degeneration? Osteoarthritis Cartilage, mars, vol.20, issue.3, pp.223-255, 2012.

S. Kuroda, K. Tanimoto, T. Izawa, S. Fujihara, J. H. Koolstra et al., Biomechanical and biochemical characteristics of the mandibular condylar cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, vol.17, pp.1408-1423, 2009.

E. Dufour and N. Larsson, Understanding aging: revealing order out of chaos, Biochim Biophys Acta. 23 juill, vol.1658, issue.1-2, pp.122-154, 2004.

F. J. Blanco, I. Rego, and C. Ruiz-romero, The role of mitochondria in osteoarthritis, Nat Rev Rheumatol. mars, vol.7, issue.3, pp.161-170, 2011.

T. Pufe, A. Lemke, B. Kurz, W. Petersen, B. Tillmann et al., Mechanical overload induces VEGF in cartilage discs via hypoxia-inducible factor, Am J Pathol. janv, vol.164, issue.1, pp.185-92, 2004.

E. J. Mackie, Y. A. Ahmed, L. Tatarczuch, K. Chen, and M. Mirams, Endochondral ossification: how cartilage is converted into bone in the developing skeleton, Int J Biochem Cell Biol, vol.40, issue.1, pp.46-62, 2008.

C. Shukunami and Y. Hiraki, Chondromodulin-I and tenomodulin: the negative control of angiogenesis in connective tissue, Curr Pharm Des, vol.13, issue.20, pp.2101-2113, 2007.

Y. Feng, Y. P. Wu, X. D. Zhu, Y. H. Zhang, and Q. J. Ma, Endostatin promotes the anabolic program of rabbit chondrocyte, Cell Res. mars, vol.15, issue.3, pp.201-207, 2005.

D. A. Walsh, D. F. Mcwilliams, M. J. Turley, M. R. Dixon, R. E. Fransès et al., Angiogenesis and nerve growth factor at the osteochondral junction in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Oxf Engl, vol.49, pp.1852-61, 2010.

S. Suri, S. E. Gill, M. De-camin, S. Wilson, D. Mcwilliams et al., Neurovascular invasion at the osteochondral junction and in osteophytes in osteoarthritis, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.66, issue.11, pp.1423-1431, 2007.

S. Ashraf, P. I. Mapp, and D. A. Walsh, Contributions of angiogenesis to inflammation, joint damage, and pain in a rat model of osteoarthritis, Arthritis Rheum. sept, vol.63, issue.9, pp.2700-2710, 2011.

H. Weinans, M. Siebelt, R. Agricola, S. M. Botter, T. M. Piscaer et al., Pathophysiology of peri-articular bone changes in osteoarthritis, Bone. août, vol.51, issue.2, pp.190-196, 2012.

P. Dieppe, J. Cushnaghan, P. Young, and J. Kirwan, Prediction of the progression of joint space narrowing in osteoarthritis of the knee by bone scintigraphy, Ann Rheum Dis. août, vol.52, issue.8, pp.557-63, 1993.

P. M. Van-der-kraan and W. B. Van-den-berg, Osteophytes: relevance and biology, Osteoarthritis Cartilage. mars, vol.15, issue.3, pp.237-281, 2007.

W. Kim, S. Min, M. Cho, J. Youn, M. J. Lee et al., The role of IL-12 in inflammatory activity of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Clin Exp Immunol. janv, vol.119, issue.1, pp.175-81, 2000.

L. C. Dijkgraaf, R. S. Liem, and L. G. De-bont, Synovial membrane involvement in osteoarthritic temporomandibular joints: a light microscopic study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, mars, vol.83, issue.3, pp.373-86, 1997.

L. C. Dijkgraaf, F. K. Spijkervet, and L. G. De-bont, Arthroscopic findings in osteoarthritic temporomandibular joints, J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. mars, vol.57, issue.3, pp.255-68, 1999.

L. C. Dijkgraaf, R. S. Liem, and L. G. De-bont, Ultrastructural characteristics of the synovial membrane in osteoarthritic temporomandibular joints. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol.55, pp.1279-1280, 1997.

U. Raviv and J. Klein, Fluidity of bound hydration layers. Science. 30 août, vol.297, pp.1540-1543, 2002.

R. D. Bloebaum and K. M. Radley, Three-dimensional surface analysis of young adult human articular cartilage, J Anat. oct, vol.187, issue.2, pp.293-301, 1995.

J. Nickel, R. Spilker, L. Iwasaki, Y. Gonzalez, W. D. Mccall et al., Static and dynamic mechanics of the temporomandibular joint: plowing forces, joint load and tissue stress, Orthod Craniofac Res. août, vol.12, issue.3, pp.159-67, 2009.

T. C. Laurent, U. B. Laurent, and J. R. Fraser, The structure and function of hyaluronan: An overview, Immunol Cell Biol. avr, vol.74, issue.2, pp.1-7, 1996.

E. Rahamim, H. Better, A. Dagan, and D. W. Nitzan, Electron microscope and biochemical observations of the surface active phospholipids on the articular surfaces and in the synovial fluid of the temporomandibular joint: a preliminary investigation, J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol.59, issue.11, pp.1326-1358, 2001.

M. Grootveld, E. B. Henderson, A. Farrell, D. R. Blake, H. G. Parkes et al., Oxidative damage to hyaluronate and glucose in synovial fluid during exercise of the inflamed rheumatoid joint. Detection of abnormal low-molecular-mass metabolites by protonn.m.r. spectroscopy, Biochem J. 15 janv, vol.273, issue.2, pp.459-67, 1991.

D. W. Nitzan, U. Nitzan, P. Dan, and S. Yedgar, The role of hyaluronic acid in protecting surface-active phospholipids from lysis by exogenous phospholipase A(2), Rheumatol Oxf Engl. mars, vol.40, issue.3, pp.336-376, 2001.

L. Guarda-nardini, G. Ferronato, and . Tmj, Current Concepts on Temporomandibular Disorders, pp.393-401, 2010.

C. C. Peck, J. Goulet, F. Lobbezoo, E. L. Schiffman, P. Alstergren et al., Expanding the taxonomy of the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders, J Oral Rehabil. janv, vol.41, issue.1, pp.2-23, 2014.

. Leeuw-r-de and G. D. Klasser, Orofacial pain: guidelines for assessment, diagnosis, and management, vol.301, 2013.

J. Türp, L'articulation temporo-mandibulaire douloureuse. Forum Méd Suisse, vol.12, pp.846-50, 2012.

L. Olivier, P. Olivier-laplanche, G. Pedeutour, P. Duminil, M. Mahler et al., Dysfonctionnements de l'appareil manducateur, EMC -Odontologie, pp.1-15, 2001.

J. Chassagne, S. Chassagne, L. Deblock, P. Gillet, J. Kahn et al., Pathologie non traumatique de l'articulation temporomandibulaire, p.47

C. Bodin, L. Grazioli, and J. Abjean, Altérations fonctionnelles de l'articulation temporomandibulaire, p.21, 2018.

D. Sur,

E. Masson and . Chondromatose-synoviale,

. Em-consulte,

D. Sur,

S. Vo-quang, J. Dichamp, C. Tomat, M. P. Vazquez, A. Picard et al., Traitement fonctionnel des fractures sous-condyliennes de l'enfant : une évaluation axiographique, Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillo-Faciale Chir Orale. 1 déc, vol.117, issue.6, pp.372-380, 2016.

D. W. Nitzan, F. Dolwick, M. Heft, and M. W. , Arthroscopic lavage and lysis of the temporomandibular joint: A change in perspective, J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1 août, vol.48, issue.8, pp.798-801, 1990.

, Identification of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 in the synovial fluid of painful, dysfunctional temporomandibular joints -ScienceDirect

D. Sur,

R. Emshoff, S. Gerhard, T. Ennemoser, and A. Rudisch, Magnetic resonance imaging findings of internal derangement, osteoarthrosis, effusion, and bone marrow edema before and after performance of arthrocentesis and hydraulic distension of the temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology, juin, vol.101, issue.1, pp.784-90, 2006.

V. Machon, D. Hirjak, and J. Lukas, Therapy of the osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint, J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg. 1 mars, vol.39, issue.2, pp.127-157, 2011.

D. D?raço?lu, ?. B. Saral, B. Keklik, H. Kurt, U. Emekli et al., Arthrocentesis versus nonsurgical methods in the treatment of temporomandibular disc displacement without reduction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1 juill, vol.108, pp.3-8, 2009.

D. Manfredini, S. Bonnini, R. Arboretti, and L. Guarda-nardini, Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: an open label trial of 76 patients treated with arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid injections, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1 août, vol.38, issue.8, pp.827-861, 2009.

B. Bas, D. Kazan, N. Kutuk, and V. Gurbanov, The Effect of Exercise on Range of Movement and Pain After Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis, J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. juin, vol.76, issue.6, pp.1181-1187, 2018.

S. A. Nagori, A. Jose, R. Chowdhury, S. K. Roychoudhury, and A. , Is splint therapy required after arthrocentesis to improve outcome in the management of temporomandibular joint disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 2018.

, Derivation and validation of a short-form oral health impact profile -Slade -1997 -Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology -Wiley Online Library

G. D. Slade and A. J. Spencer, Development and evaluation of the Oral Health Impact Profile, Community Dent Health. mars, vol.11, issue.1, pp.3-11, 1994.

H. H. Tuz, O. Baslarli, S. Adiloglu, T. Gokturk, and S. E. Meral, Comparison of local and general anaesthesia for arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint, Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol.54, issue.8, pp.946-955, 2016.

L. A. Vaira, M. T. Raho, D. Soma, G. Salzano, G. D. Orabona et al., Complications and post-operative sequelae of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis, CRANIO®. 15 juin, vol.0, issue.0, pp.1-4, 2017.

L. Guarda-nardini, A. Rossi, R. Ramonda, L. Punzi, G. Ferronato et al., Effectiveness of treatment with viscosupplementation in temporomandibular joints with or without effusion, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol.43, issue.10, pp.1218-1241, 2014.

N. Su, X. Yang, Y. Liu, Y. Huang, and Z. Shi, Evaluation of arthrocentesis with hyaluronic acid injection plus oral glucosamine hydrochloride for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in oral-health-related quality of life, J Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg Off Publ Eur Assoc Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg. sept, vol.42, issue.6, pp.846-51, 2014.

C. Azan, Place de l'arthrocentèse dans le cadre de la prise en charge des dérangements internes de l'articulation temporo-mandibulaire : revue systématique de la littérature, 12 mai, vol.142, 2016.

D. Manfredini, D. Rancitelli, G. Ferronato, and L. Guarda-nardini, Arthrocentesis with or without additional drugs in temporomandibular joint inflammatory-degenerative disease: comparison of six treatment protocols*: COMPARISON OF SIX TREATMENT PROTOCOLS, J Oral Rehabil. avr, vol.39, issue.4, pp.245-51, 2012.

I. Aktas, S. Yalcin, and S. Sencer, Intra-articular injection of tenoxicam following temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis: a pilot study, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. mai, vol.39, issue.5, pp.440-445, 2010.

T. M. Präger, D. Med, D. M. Dent, R. A. Mischkowski, D. Med et al., Effect of intraarticular administration of buprenorphine after arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint: A pilot study, QUINTESSENCE Int, vol.38, issue.8, p.7, 2007.

C. Kiliç, S. Güngörmü?, M. Sümbüllü, and M. A. , Is Arthrocentesis Plus Platelet-Rich Plasma Superior to Arthrocentesis Alone in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis? A Randomized Clinical Trial, J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. août, vol.73, issue.8, pp.1473-83, 2015.

P. Chung, M. Lin, and H. Chang, Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma injection in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 26 sept, 2018.

D. W. Nitzan, B. Samson, and H. Better, Long-term outcome of arthrocentesis for suddenonset, persistent, severe closed lock of the temporomandibular joint, J Oral Maxillofac Surg. févr, vol.55, issue.2, pp.151-158, 1997.

W. A. Carvajal and D. M. Laskin, Long-term evaluation of arthrocentesis for the treatment of internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint, J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. août, vol.58, issue.8, pp.856-857, 2000.

P. Cascone, F. Spallaccia, and A. Rivaroli,

, Minerva Stomatol. avr, vol.47, issue.4, pp.149-57, 1998.

M. E. Onder, H. H. Tüz, D. Koçyi?it, and R. S. Ki?ni?ci, Long-term results of arthrocentesis in degenerative temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, janv, vol.107, issue.1, pp.1-5, 2009.

Y. Emes, I. ?. Arp?nar, B. Oncü, B. Aybar, I. Akta? et al., The next step in the treatment of persistent temporomandibular joint pain following arthrocentesis: a retrospective study of 18 cases, J Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg Off Publ Eur Assoc CranioMaxillo-fac Surg. juill, vol.42, issue.5, pp.65-69, 2014.

N. Su, H. Wang, A. J. Van-wijk, C. M. Visscher, F. Lobbezoo et al., Prediction Models for Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis 1 and 6 Months After Arthrocentesis with Hyaluronic Acid Injections, J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 28 août, 2018.

D. W. Nitzan and A. Price, The use of arthrocentesis for the treatment of osteoarthritic temporomandibular joints, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol.59, issue.10, pp.1154-1163, 2001.

R. Emshoff and A. Rudisch, Determining predictor variables for treatment outcomes of arthrocentesis and hydraulic distention of the temporomandibular joint, J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1 juill, vol.62, issue.7, pp.816-839, 2004.

I. Aktas, S. Yalcin, and S. Sencer, Prognostic indicators of the outcome of arthrocentesis with and without sodium hyaluronate injection for the treatment of disc displacement without reduction: a magnetic resonance imaging study, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol.39, issue.11, pp.1080-1085, 2010.

A. Alkan and B. Ba?, The Use of Double-Needle Canula Method for Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis: Clinical Report, Eur J Dent. juill, vol.1, issue.3, pp.179-82, 2007.

L. Guarda-nardini, D. Manfredini, and G. Ferronato, Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint: a proposal for a single-needle technique. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, vol.106, pp.483-486, 2008.

A. Sharma, A. S. Rana, G. Jain, P. Kalra, D. Gupta et al., Evaluation of efficacy of arthrocentesis (with normal saline) with or without sodium hyaluronate in treatment of internal derangement of TMJ -A prospective randomized study in 20 patients, J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res, vol.3, issue.3, pp.112-121, 2013.

M. F. ?entürk, T. Yaz?c?, Y. F?nd?k, and T. Baykul, Intraoperative comparison of single-and double-puncture techniques in temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. août, vol.47, issue.8, pp.1060-1064, 2018.

. Netgen, Traitement chirurgical des désordres de l'articulation temporo-mandibulaire

. Revue-médicale-suisse, , 2018.

U. Tatli, M. E. Benlidayi, O. Ekren, and F. Salimov, Comparison of the effectiveness of three different treatment methods for temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. mai, vol.46, issue.5, pp.603-612, 2017.

L. M. Vos, B. Stegenga, A. D. Stant, E. H. Quik, H. Slater et al., Cost Effectiveness of Arthrocentesis Compared to Conservative Therapy for Arthralgia of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Randomized Controlled Trial, J Oral Facial Pain Headache, vol.21, issue.2, pp.198-207, 2018.