, Significant Correction of PD anomaly of PMT. Swallowing onset delay may be corrected by activation facilitation exercices 2 Argolo, 2013.

. Ott-&-ptt and . Improved, improvement on loss of bolus control, piecemeal swallow, residue (tongue, valleculae pyriform sinuses). SWAL QOL modified significantly (fear, symptoms frequency, difficulty of moving food in the mouth. Lingual pumping and dental absence seems to severely intefere with CDT

, improved swallowing (rate of piecemeal deglutition, laryngeal excursion amplitude) and coordination with respiration (high rate of protective respiratory phase patterns 5 south 2010 2010 improved swallowing frequency (x4) : mean carroyer 5.317 min. Decreased swallowing latency(/ 6) with 50% carroyer at 5 mn. ( cost-effective and selfmanaged approach for saliva regulation, Luchesi 2014 2014 stabilisation fonction survival at 10Mo, deterioration therafter: improvement 44%, deterioration 17 % 4 Wang, 2018.

;. Regan, . Ptt, and . Ttt), Unknown carryover duration 7 Fukuda, TSS significantly reduced temporal measures / for fluids (PTT, pharyngeal delay time, p<0,004°) and for paste, 2016.

. Pitts, %) pressure targets improved beyond 2DS at posttreatment and maintenance. For thin liquids at baseline PAS : 8, which improved to 5.3 at posttreatment and 2.3 at follow-up. Area analysis of residue indicated oral tongue residue was reduced for 4 of 7 boluses and base of tongue residue was reduced for all 7 boluses at posttreatment and follow-up. SWAL-QOL gains (27 points) were largely maintained at follow-up (23 points). maintenance at 1 Mo post treatment 9 Visk 2005 strengthened the contraction of the glossopharyngeal portion of the superior pharyngeal constrictor . Strengthen the tongue base; shortened pharyngeal transit time in all consistencies, increased duration of base of tongue contact with the posterior pharyngeal wall in pudding consistency, improved patient perception of quality of life related to swallowing, 2012.

, Configuration infra-hyoid may increase the risk of aspiration (decreased time of laryngeal closure, slowed hyoid bone movement) non significant. Probable placebo effect (modification regardless of current status)

, Heijnen, 2012.

, Significant improvement of quality of life in every group (CDT and CDT +NMES); no significative difference between groups ( no greater improvement in NMES group) 12 baijens, 2013.

, Improved VDS, PAS, and hyoid bone excursion. G2: improved total VDS and hyoid bone excursion. Intergroup : No significant difference between G1 &G2 on VFSS improvement. CDT + NMES shows significantly greater improvement on hyoid bone excursion and PAS than CDT only, All groups: significant improvement in piecemeal swallowing (VFSS), p.14, 2008.

, Improvement of hyolaryngeal excursion following combination of compensatory strategies and biofeedback therapy. possible retainment of benefice 17 Athukorala 2014 2014 no correlation between tracking performance and atypical swallowing (questionary, heterogeneity of PD Group performance). visuomotor tracking of neck sEMG may compensate for swallow sEMG difference between PD and control, Significant Improvement of swallowing strength (manometry antecervical) and dysphagia symptoms, 2014.

. Perry, , 2018.

, Improved preswallowing time, increased volume/swallow du volume ; improved quality of life. No improvement for solids. Retainment of gain, with increasing improvement suggesting skill learning, Neural plasticity, 2013.

, significant reduction of oral transit time; no impact on pharyngeal transit time or mean number of swallows with verbal prompting. Hypothesis: oral and lingual bradykinesia improvement greater than with visual external cue only (presentation of a spoon), 2011.

, In Met(+), this pre-SA inspiratory phase significantly increased to 24% for PD (p=0.005) and 30% for controls (p=0.016) compared with Met(-). The post-SA inspiratory phase was 40% for PD and 30% for controls in Met

, Coordination of respiratory-swallowing is reportedly related to the swallowing movements, and the significant increase in the pre-SA inspiratory phase in both PD and controls in Met(+) suggested the possibility that rhythmic stimulation from a metronome contributes to regulation of respiratory-swallowing coordination

, Robertson 1984 1984 Significant improvements in phonation, articulation and swallowing

E. Sharkawi, Abnormal over activation of motor and premotor cortex in IPD vs HC pre LSVT Post LSVT : significant increase of loudness (p<0.005) increase of MPT(NS). Significant (p<0.001) decrease of motor and premotor cortex activation. Increased activity in right anterior insula, right basal ganglia, and right DLPC during phonation. Biggest and most significant effects was on right interior insult, reduced incidence of swallow motility disorders (-51%) after LSVT and improvement of timed variables of swallowing significantly, 2017.

I. Mild, Aspiration not observed. Pharyngeal residue and pharyngeal area at rest significantly reduced ; maximal opening of PES and PES opening duration significantly increased. Significant improvement in involuntary cough peak expiratory flow (rate and rise time). Improvement maintained at 6-months. 27 Nozaki, LSVT improved swallowing and speech in patients with advanced-stage Parkinsonism, 2017.

D. Benedetto, significant improvement (P<0.05) of functional residual capacity (FRC%), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), maximum duration of sustained vowel phonation (MDPh). MEP, 2009.

, Increased hyoid bone superior and anterior displacement in angle and magnitude Improvement of PAS. Worsening of SWAL QOL (increase in awareness of dysphagia) 30 stegemoller 2017 2017 significant improvement in EMG timing measures, and UPDRS (total and motor) scores, voice QOL, and whole health QOL. No significant differences for SWAL-QOL. No dose effect. 100% compliance. Suggests group singing may induce prolongation of laryngeal elevation and of protection of airway from foreign material 31 Saleem, 2005.

, Suggests improvement of swallowing safety 32 Silvermann, pp.75-91, 2006.

. Pitts, , 2009.

, significant increase in PEmax (Z = 2.803; p = 0.005. significant reduction in the compression phase CPD (Z = 2.803; p = 0.005) and Expiratory rise time EPRT (Z = 2.492; p = 0.01). significant increase in cough VA (peak flow /EPRT) (Z = 2.497; p = 0.01). No effect on restrictive pulmonary disease 34 Troche, vol.55, p.35, 2011.

, More specifically, our research group analyzed acquired swallow function data in this same participant pool following the 4 weeks of the EMST program. The results showed a significant improvement in swallow function. the significant reduction in the primary outcome variable of Penetration-Aspiration (P-A) score. EMST group maintained the duration of hyoid ele-vation over time, and the sham group experi-enced a decreased duration, vol.36, 2016.

, Association of postural techniques and EMST is more effective than EMST only. EMST only is significantly beneficial, but less so than EMST +postures 38 Kuo, 2017.

, Significant Dose effect of EMST on MEP. Only EMST 5 d/wk shows significant improvement of MEP more important than GC. 3d/w still as significant effect on MEP 39 Reyes, 2018.

, Expiratory muscle-training more beneficial than inspiratory muscle-training for improving MEP and voluntary peak cough flow (airway clearance, swallowing safety). Moderate effect on reflex cough 40 Brandimore, 2017.

, Cough peak expiratory airflow rate (PEFR) and cough expired volume (CEV) significantly improved with cueing for induced reflex and voluntary cough especially in a VAF + auditory cueing task in skill training. 41 Ayres 2016 2016 improvement in swallowing-related quality of life on symptoms frequency

. Ayres, A significant improvement in swallowing, evaluated by clinical assessment, was observed in solid ( < 0.001) and liquid ( = 0.022) consistencies in EG when compared to OG and CG. frequency of symptoms ( = 0.029) in SWALQOL questionnaire. 43 Troche, 2008.

. Nt-&gt;-ht,

. Nt-&gt;-ht, , p.45, 2008.

, No significant effect of texture adaptation, and/or Chin down on pneumonia rate at 3Mo. Adherence evaluation by type of intervention, IPD only or IPD + dementia. Care givers compliance to programs 46 Kim, 2012.

, After the application of the dysphagia assessment tool and intervention program, the weight in experimental group was increased (t=4.913, p=.000) and the total time of swallowing was reduced

, Larsson, 2017.

, There were no significant differences between the thick liquid and thin liquid (Z =?1.841, P=0.066, r =?0.27). However, there was a significant difference between carbonated liquid and thin liquid (Z =?2.464, P=0.014, r =?0.36) and carbonated liquid and thick liquid, Carbonated liquid improved the swallowing in 87% of patients with a swallowing dysfunction

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