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, Les glycolipides résultent de l'estérification d'oses ou de l'amidification d'osamines par des acides gras, formant des structures moléculaires interagissant avec les bicouches lipidiques des membranes biologiques. Dans ces composés, un ose joue le rôle du glycérol des glycérides et des phosphoglycérides. Représentation schématique d'un glycolipide

, Pour un individu moyen pesant 70 kg, il existe un « stock » protéique d'environ 10 kg, et un pool d'AA libres circulants d'environ 70g. Ces 2 réservoirs sont en renouvellement constant, selon un turn-over d'environ 300g/j. Cependant, environ 1g/kg/j sont éliminés

, Ces pertes sont principalement causées par la désamination oxydative (environ 75%), les pertes intestinales (environ 25%), et accessoirement par desquamation et sudation (environ 1%)

, Schéma représentant la cinétique globale des protéines

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, Les résultats furent les suivants : ? Diminution significative de l'IMC dans les 2 groupes

, Amélioration de la sensibilité à l'insuline

, ? Réduction du taux de protéines C chez les faibles CG, mais pas chez les forts CG

, ? Amélioration des fonctions des Cellules T et synthèse des prostaglandines E2

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, Sears : ce régime distingue les hommes des femmes et considère que la prise de poids dépend des niveaux d'insuline. Ainsi, les aliments « dangereux », tels que les pâtes, le riz, les céréales, le pain, les fruits secs, jus de fruit etc?doivent être « retirés de la cuisine ». D'après l'auteur, la répartition en macronutriments en fonction de l'apport énergétique total doit être la suivante : 40% de glucides, Schéma représentant les mécanismes cellulaires mis en évidence lors d'une restriction calorique modérée ? Régime Zone de M

, Tableau représentant les différents apports des régimes analysés par l'ANSES lors de l

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