. .. Caractéristiques-des-patientes,

.. .. Critère,

, Recherche des autres causes d'insuffisance de

.. .. Analyse-de-la-supplémentation, , p.61

. .. Difficultés-rencontrées,

. .. Données-sur-la-chirurgie,

.. .. Analyse,

, Analyse des causes de refus d'allaitement

, Analyse des causes d'arrêt

. .. Annexes,

. .. Bibliographie, Techniques chirurgicales de réduction mammaire, vol.1

, Avez-vous été encouragé à allaiter par les sages-femmes/gynécologues pendant votre grossesse ? Oui Non A l'accouchement, quel mode d'alimentation a été instauré ? Allaitement maternel Biberon Mixte Si biberon, avez-vous eu un écoulement de lait après l'accouchement ? Oui Non Pendant l'allaitement maternel, comment qualifiez-vous la quantité de lait lors des tétées ? Faible Raisonnable

, Avez-vous eu besoin d'une supplémentation ? Non Oui Si oui pourquoi ? Si oui, à partir de quand ? Si oui, combien de temps ? Pendant l'allaitement maternel, avez-vous rencontré des difficultés lors des tétées ?, Non Oui Si oui lesquels ? Difficultés positionnelles

, Douleur Conseil du médecin (fièvre, abcès du sein, problème de santé de l'enfant) Autres : Oui Si oui pourquoi ? Si oui, à partir de quand ? Si oui, combien de temps ? Pendant l'allaitement maternel, avez-vous rencontré des difficultés lors des tétées ? Non Oui Si oui lesquels ? Difficultés positionnelles

, Douleur Conseil du médecin (fièvre, abcès du sein, problème de santé de l'enfant) Autres

, Avez-vous des remarques supplémentaires concernant votre allaitement ? Annexe 4 : Système de nutrition supplémentaire

, Stratégie mondiale pour l'alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant : Durée optimale de l'alimentation au sein exclusive

P. L. Tran, H. Houdjati, G. Barau, and M. Boukerrou, Breastfeeding after breast surgery: patient information, Gynecol Obstet Fertil. avr, vol.42, issue.4, pp.205-214, 2014.

S. Thibaudeau, H. Sinno, and B. Williams, The effects of breast reduction on successful breastfeeding: a systematic review, J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, vol.63, issue.10, pp.1688-93, 2010.

R. Y. Kraut, E. Brown, C. Korownyk, L. S. Katz, B. Vandermeer et al., The impact of breast reduction surgery on breastfeeding: Systematic review of observational studies, PLoS One, vol.12, issue.10, p.186591, 2017.

N. M. Hurst, Recognizing and treating delayed or failed lactogenesis II, J Midwifery Womens Health. déc, vol.52, issue.6, pp.588-94, 2007.

N. M. Hurst, Lactation after augmentation mammoplasty, Obstet Gynecol. janv, vol.87, issue.1, pp.30-34, 1996.

D. T. Geddes, Inside the lactating breast: the latest anatomy research, J Midwifery Womens Health. déc, vol.52, issue.6, pp.556-63, 2007.

L. Houdebine, . Biologie-de-la-lactation, and . Emc--obstétrique, 21 août, 2007.

C. Bruant-rodier and F. Bodin, Principes généraux. EMC -Techniques chirurgicales -Chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique

M. Revol, J. Binder, A. Danino, P. May, and J. Servant, Manuel de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique. 2e édition revue et augmentée. Montpellier: Sauramps Médical, vol.882, 2012.

C. Bruant-rodier, F. Bodin, and C. Dissaux, Plasties mammaires pour hypertrophie et ptôse (II) -Techniques. EMC -Techniques chirurgicales -Chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique

G. Gremmo-féger, Actualisation des connaissances concernant la physiologie de l'allaitement, Arch Pediatr. 15 août, vol.20, issue.9, pp.1016-1037, 2013.

J. C. Kent, How breastfeeding works, J Midwifery Womens Health. déc, vol.52, issue.6, pp.564-70, 2007.

, Allaitement maternel : Les bénéfices pour la santé de l'enfant et de sa mère, PNNS

V. Rigourd, A. S. Tasseau, A. Gobalakichenane, P. Kieffer, F. Assaf et al., Allaitement maternel : bénéfices pour la santé de l'enfant et de sa mère, 2011.

D. Turck, Allaitement maternel : les bénéfices pour la santé de l'enfant et de sa mère, Arch Pediatr, vol.12, issue.53, pp.145-65

U. Who, Protecting, promoting and supporting breast-feeding : The special role of maternity services

V. Rigourd, M. Nicloux, S. Hovanishian, A. Giuséppi, T. Hachem et al., Conseils pour l'allaitement maternel. EMC -Pédiatrie -Maladies infectieuses, 2015.

D. Sur,

M. R. Neifert and J. M. Seacat, Medical management of successful breast-feeding, Pediatr Clin North Am. août, vol.33, issue.4, pp.743-62, 1986.

, Allaitement maternel : Mise en oeuvre et poursuite dans les 6 premiers mois de vie de l'enfant, ANAES, 2002.

, Epifane 2012-2013. Durée de l'allaitement maternel en France, DREES. Deux nouveau-nés sur trois sont allaités à la naissance

D. Inserm and . Enquête-nationale-perinatale, , 2017.

. Wbti, . Rapport, and . France, , 2017.

D. J. Chapman and R. Pérez-escamilla, Identification of risk factors for delayed onset of lactation, J Am Diet Assoc. avr, vol.99, issue.4, pp.455-461, 1999.

N. Turdu, Allaitement maternel et insuffisance de lait: prise en charge en médecine générale

G. Faculté-de, , 2011.

N. G. Powers, How to assess slow growth in the breastfed infant, Pediatr Clin North Am. avr, vol.48, issue.2, pp.345-63, 2001.

D. J. Chapman and R. Pérez-escamilla, Maternal perception of the onset of lactation is a valid, public health indicator of lactogenesis stage II, J Nutr. déc, vol.130, issue.12, pp.2972-80, 2000.

D. Powers and N. G. Da, Évaluer une prise de poids lente de la naissance à 3 mois chez l'enfant allaité, vol.57

K. S. Scanlon, M. P. Alexander, M. K. Serdula, M. K. Davis, and B. A. Bowman, Assessment of infant feeding: the validity of measuring milk intake, Nutr Rev. août, vol.60, issue.8, pp.235-51, 2002.

S. L. Matias, L. A. Nommsen-rivers, H. Creed-kanashiro, and K. G. Dewey, Risk factors for early lactation problems among Peruvian primiparous mothers, Matern Child Nutr. avr, vol.6, issue.2, pp.120-153, 2010.

K. G. Dewey, L. A. Nommsen-rivers, M. J. Heinig, and R. J. Cohen, Risk factors for suboptimal infant breastfeeding behavior, delayed onset of lactation, and excess neonatal weight loss, Pediatrics. sept, vol.112, issue.3, pp.607-626, 2003.

E. Brownell, C. R. Howard, R. A. Lawrence, and A. M. Dozier, Delayed onset lactogenesis II predicts the cessation of any or exclusive breastfeeding, J Pediatr, vol.161, issue.4, pp.608-622, 2012.

L. A. Nommsen-rivers, C. J. Chantry, J. M. Peerson, R. J. Cohen, and K. G. Dewey, Delayed onset of lactogenesis among first-time mothers is related to maternal obesity and factors associated with ineffective breastfeeding, Am J Clin Nutr. sept, vol.92, issue.3, pp.574-84, 2010.

M. Neifert, S. Demarzo, J. Seacat, D. Young, M. Leff et al., The influence of breast surgery, breast appearance, and pregnancy-induced breast changes on lactation sufficiency as measured by infant weight gain, Birth. mars, vol.17, issue.1, pp.31-39, 1990.

M. R. Neifert, Prevention of breastfeeding tragedies, Pediatr Clin North Am. avr, vol.48, issue.2, pp.273-97, 2001.

J. Marchi, M. Berg, A. Dencker, E. K. Olander, and C. Begley, Risks associated with obesity in pregnancy, for the mother and baby: a systematic review of reviews, Obes Rev. août, vol.16, issue.8, pp.621-659, 2015.

L. H. Amir and S. Donath, A systematic review of maternal obesity and breastfeeding intention, initiation and duration, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 4 juill, vol.7, p.9, 2007.

R. Turcksin, S. Bel, S. Galjaard, and R. Devlieger, Maternal obesity and breastfeeding intention, initiation, intensity and duration: a systematic review, Matern Child Nutr. avr, vol.10, issue.2, pp.166-83, 2014.

L. H. Amir and S. M. Donath, Does maternal smoking have a negative physiological effect on breastfeeding? The epidemiological evidence, Birth. juin, vol.29, issue.2, pp.112-135, 2002.

S. M. Donath and L. H. Amir, ALSPAC Study Team. The relationship between maternal smoking and breastfeeding duration after adjustment for maternal infant feeding intention, Acta Paediatr, vol.93, issue.11, pp.1514-1522, 2004.

R. Giglia, C. W. Binns, and H. Alfonso, Maternal cigarette smoking and breastfeeding duration, Acta Paediatr, vol.95, issue.11, pp.1370-1374, 2006.

M. Dimitraki, P. Tsikouras, B. Manav, T. Gioka, N. Koutlaki et al., Evaluation of the effect of natural and emotional stress of labor on lactation and breast-feeding, Arch Gynecol Obstet. févr, vol.293, issue.2, pp.317-345, 2016.

N. M. Hackman, E. W. Schaefer, J. S. Beiler, C. M. Rose, and I. M. Paul, Breastfeeding outcome comparison by parity, Breastfeed Med. avr, vol.10, issue.3, pp.156-62, 2015.

K. E. Huggins, Markers of Lactation Insufficiency: A Study of 34 Mothers, Clinical Lactation, pp.25-35, 2000.

M. W. Arbour and J. L. Kessler, Mammary hypoplasia: not every breast can produce sufficient milk, J Midwifery Womens Health. août, vol.58, issue.4, pp.457-61, 2013.

A. J. Hobbs, C. A. Mannion, S. W. Mcdonald, M. Brockway, and S. C. Tough, The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 26 avr, vol.16, p.90, 2016.

K. C. Evans, R. G. Evans, R. Royal, A. J. Esterman, and S. L. James, Effect of caesarean section on breast milk transfer to the normal term newborn over the first week of life, Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. sept, vol.88, issue.5, pp.380-382, 2003.

W. Hefter, P. Lindholm, and O. P. Elvenes, Lactation and breast-feeding ability following lateral pedicle mammaplasty, Br J Plast Surg. déc, vol.56, issue.8, pp.746-51, 2003.

A. Cherchel, C. Azzam, D. Mey, and A. , Breastfeeding after vertical reduction mammaplasty using a superior pedicle, J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, vol.60, issue.5, pp.465-70, 2007.

E. Yip, J. Lee, and Y. Sheehy, Breast-feeding in neonatal intensive care, J Paediatr Child Health. août, vol.32, issue.4, pp.296-304, 1996.

G. J. Jang, S. L. Lee, and H. M. Kim, Breast feeding rates and factors influencing breast feeding practice in late preterm infants: comparison with preterm born at less than 34 weeks of gestational age, J Korean Acad Nurs. avr, vol.42, issue.2, pp.181-190, 2012.

M. Pike, A. Kritzinger, and E. Krüger, Breastfeeding Characteristics of Late-Preterm Infants in a Kangaroo Mother Care Unit, Breastfeed Med, vol.12, issue.10, pp.637-681, 2017.

A. Meberg, S. Willgraff, and H. Sande, High potential for breast feeding among mothers giving birth to pre-term infants, Acta Paediatr Scand. juill, vol.71, issue.4, pp.661-663, 1982.

B. Wilson-clay, Clinical use of silicone nipple shields, J Hum Lact. déc, vol.12, issue.4, pp.279-85, 1996.

S. Hanna, M. Wilson, and S. Norwood, A description of breast-feeding outcomes among U.S. mothers using nipple shields, Midwifery. juin, vol.29, issue.6, pp.616-637, 2013.

G. C. Souto, E. Giugliani, C. Giugliani, and M. A. Schneider, The impact of breast reduction surgery on breastfeeding performance, J Hum Lact. févr, vol.19, issue.1, pp.66-75, 2003.

P. M. Witte, B. Van-der-lei, J. J. Van-der-biezen, and C. A. Spronk, Successful breastfeeding after reduction mammaplasty, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 26 juin, vol.148, issue.26, pp.1291-1294, 2004.

D. Brzozowski, M. Niessen, H. B. Evans, and L. N. Hurst, Breast-feeding after inferior pedicle reduction mammaplasty, Plast Reconstr Surg. févr, vol.105, issue.2, pp.530-534, 2000.

D. Kakagia, G. Tripsiannis, and D. Tsoutsos, Breastfeeding after reduction mammaplasty: a comparison of 3 techniques, Ann Plast Surg, vol.55, issue.4, pp.343-348, 2005.

. Sofcpre and . Plasticiens, fr -Le Portail de la Chirurgie Plastique Reconstructrice et Esthétique Française

B. Rinker, M. Veneracion, and C. P. Walsh, The effect of breastfeeding on breast aesthetics, Aesthet Surg J. oct, vol.28, issue.5, pp.534-541, 2008.

A. Pisacane and P. Continisio, Italian Work Group on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and perceived changes in the appearance of the breasts: a retrospective study, Acta Paediatr, vol.93, issue.10, pp.1346-1354, 2004.

P. Regnault, Breast ptosis. Definition and treatment, Clin Plast Surg. avr, vol.3, issue.2, pp.193-203, 1976.

P. Donovan, Dangerous myths, Hygie, vol.11, issue.2, pp.7-8, 1992.

. Aboudib, C. C. Castro, R. S. Coelho, and A. M. Cupello, Analysis of late results in postpregnancy mammoplasty, Ann Plast Surg. févr, vol.26, issue.2, pp.111-117, 1991.

B. L. Engström and B. Fridlund, Women's views of counselling received in connection with breast-feeding after reduction mammoplasty, J Adv Nurs, vol.32, issue.5, pp.1143-51, 2000.

C. Chamblin, Breastfeeding after breast reduction: what nurses & moms need to know, AWHONN Lifelines. mars, vol.10, issue.1, pp.42-50, 2006.

N. I. Cruz and L. Korchin, Lactational performance after breast reduction with different pedicles, Plast Reconstr Surg. juill, vol.120, issue.1, pp.35-40, 2007.

L. Caouette-laberge and L. A. Duranceau, Breast feeding after breast reduction, Ann Chir, vol.46, issue.9, pp.826-835, 1992.

S. Chiummariello, E. Cigna, E. M. Buccheri, L. A. Dessy, C. Alfano et al., Breastfeeding after reduction mammaplasty using different techniques, Aesthetic Plast Surg. mars, vol.32, issue.2, pp.294-301, 2008.

J. A. Hilson, K. M. Rasmussen, and C. L. Kjolhede, High prepregnant body mass index is associated with poor lactation outcomes among white, rural women independent of psychosocial and demographic correlates, J Hum Lact. févr, vol.20, issue.1, pp.18-29, 2004.

I. Preusting, J. Brumley, L. Odibo, D. L. Spatz, and J. M. Louis, Obesity as a Predictor of Delayed Lactogenesis II, J Hum Lact, vol.33, issue.4, pp.684-91, 2017.

R. Lucas, M. Judge, J. Sajdlowska, X. Cong, J. M. Mcgrath et al., Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Infant Breastfeeding Behaviors and Exclusive Direct Breastfeeding, J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. déc, vol.44, issue.6, pp.772-83, 2015.