J. Brahmer, K. L. Reckamp, and P. Baas, Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous-Cell Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, N Engl J Med, vol.373, issue.2, pp.123-135, 2015.

H. Borghaei, L. Paz-ares, and L. Horn, Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, N Engl J Med, vol.373, issue.17, pp.1627-1639, 2015.

R. S. Herbst, P. Baas, and D. Kim, Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, vol.387, pp.1540-1550, 2016.

A. Rittmeyer, F. Barlesi, and D. Waterkamp, Atezolizumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (OAK): a phase 3, open-label, multicentre randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, vol.389, p.32517, 2017.

J. R. Brahmer, E. S. Kim, J. Zhang, M. M. Smith, R. A. Rangwala et al., KEYNOTE-024: Phase III trial of pembrolizumab (MK-3475) vs platinum-based chemotherapy as firstline therapy for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that expresses programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), J Clin Oncol, vol.33, issue.15_suppl, pp.8103-8103, 2015.

L. Paz-ares, A. Luft, and D. Vicente, Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy for Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, N Engl J Med, vol.379, issue.21, pp.2040-2051, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02345238

L. Gandhi, D. Rodríguez-abreu, and S. Gadgeel, Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, N Engl J Med, vol.378, issue.22, pp.2078-2092, 2018.

M. A. Socinski, R. M. Jotte, and F. Cappuzzo, Atezolizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Nonsquamous NSCLC, N Engl J Med, vol.378, issue.24, pp.2288-2301, 2018.

M. A. Postow, M. K. Callahan, and C. A. Barker, Immunologic Correlates of the Abscopal Effect in a Patient with Melanoma, N Engl J Med, vol.366, issue.10, pp.925-931, 2012.

S. S. Park, H. Dong, and X. Liu, PD-1 Restrains Radiotherapy-Induced Abscopal Effect, Cancer Immunol Res, vol.3, issue.6, pp.610-619, 2015.

N. Shaverdian, A. E. Lisberg, and K. Bornazyan, Previous radiotherapy and the clinical activity and toxicity of pembrolizumab in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: a secondary analysis of the KEYNOTE-001 phase 1 trial, Lancet Oncol, vol.18, issue.7, pp.895-903, 2017.

S. J. Antonia, A. Villegas, and D. Daniel, Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, N Engl J Med, vol.377, issue.20, pp.1919-1929, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01753457

S. J. Antonia, A. Villegas, and D. Daniel, Overall Survival with Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III NSCLC, N Engl J Med, vol.379, issue.24, pp.2342-2350, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02284390

J. W. Hodge, C. Guha, J. Neefjes, and J. L. Gulley, Synergizing Radiation Therapy and Immunotherapy for Curing Incurable Cancers: Opportunities and Challenges, Oncol Williston Park N, vol.22, issue.9, pp.1064-1084, 2008.

G. Turgeon, A. Weickhardt, A. A. Azad, B. Solomon, and S. Siva, Radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a synergistic effect in cancer care, Med J Aust, vol.210, issue.1, pp.47-53, 2019.

A. B. Sharabi, C. J. Nirschl, and C. M. Kochel, Stereotactic Radiation Therapy Augments Antigen-Specific PD-1-Mediated Anti-Tumor Immune Responses via Cross-Presentation of Tumor Antigen, Cancer Immunol Res, vol.3, issue.4, pp.345-355, 2015.

C. K. Lee, J. Man, and S. Lord, Clinical and Molecular Characteristics Associated With Survival Among Patients Treated With Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, JAMA Oncol, vol.4, issue.2, pp.210-216, 2018.

R. Serre, F. Barlesi, X. Muracciole, and D. Barbolosi, Immunologically effective dose: a practical model for immuno-radiotherapy, Oncotarget, vol.9, issue.61, pp.31812-31819, 2018.

R. Serre, S. Benzekry, and L. Padovani, Mathematical Modeling of Cancer Immunotherapy and Its Synergy with Radiotherapy, Cancer Res, vol.76, issue.17, pp.4931-4940, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01336779

F. Fiorica, L. Belluomini, and A. Stefanelli, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Nivolumab and Radiotherapy in Pretreated Lung Cancer Patients: Efficacy and Safety of Combination, Am J Clin Oncol, p.1, 2018.

. Interaction, . Immune, . Point, . In, . Small et al.,

, Fabienne Palmerini, vol.2, p.4

C. K. Lee, J. Man, and S. Lord, Clinical and Molecular Characteristics Associated With Survival Among Patients Treated With Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, JAMA Oncol, vol.4, issue.2, pp.210-216, 2018.

U. Dafni, Z. Tsourti, K. Vervita, and S. Peters, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. A systematic review and network meta-analysis, Lung Cancer Amst Neth, vol.134, pp.127-140, 2019.

M. A. Postow, M. K. Callahan, and C. A. Barker, Immunologic Correlates of the Abscopal Effect in a Patient with Melanoma, N Engl J Med, vol.366, issue.10, pp.925-931, 2012.

S. S. Park, H. Dong, and X. Liu, PD-1 Restrains Radiotherapy-Induced Abscopal Effect, Cancer Immunol Res, vol.3, issue.6, pp.610-619, 2015.

N. Shaverdian, A. E. Lisberg, and K. Bornazyan, Previous radiotherapy and the clinical activity and toxicity of pembrolizumab in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: a secondary analysis of the KEYNOTE-001 phase 1 trial, Lancet Oncol, vol.18, issue.7, pp.30380-30387, 2017.

S. J. Antonia, A. Villegas, and D. Daniel, Overall Survival with Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III NSCLC, N Engl J Med, vol.379, issue.24, pp.2342-2350, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02284390

A. B. Sharabi, M. Lim, T. L. Deweese, and C. G. Drake, Radiation and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy: radiosensitisation and potential mechanisms of synergy, Lancet Oncol, vol.16, issue.13, pp.498-509, 2015.

S. J. Antonia, A. Villegas, and D. Daniel, Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer, N Engl J Med, vol.377, issue.20, pp.1919-1929, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01753457

R. Serre, F. Barlesi, X. Muracciole, and D. Barbolosi, Immunologically effective dose: a practical model for immuno-radiotherapy, Oncotarget, vol.9, issue.61, pp.31812-31819, 2018.

F. Fiorica, L. Belluomini, and A. Stefanelli, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Nivolumab and Radiotherapy in Pretreated Lung Cancer Patients: Efficacy and Safety of Combination, Am J Clin Oncol, p.1, 2018.

, Legend : AE : adverse event, DCR disease control rate, PFS : progression free survival, OS : overall survival, HR : hazard ratio ; ICI : immune check point inhibitors, RT : radiotherapy , 95% CI : 95% confidence interval