A. F. Daly, M. Rixhon, C. Adam, A. Dempegioti, M. A. Tichomirowa et al., High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: A cross-sectional study in the province of Liège, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.91, issue.12, pp.4769-4775, 2006.

A. Teramoto, K. Hirakawa, N. Sanno, and Y. Osamura, Incidental pituitary lesions in 1,000 unselected autopsy specimens, Radiology, vol.193, issue.1, pp.161-164, 1994.

R. Correa, P. Salpea, and C. A. Stratakis, Carney complex: an update, Eur J Endocrinol, vol.173, issue.4, pp.85-97, 2015.

K. Iversen, Acromegaly associated with phaeochromocytoma, Acta Med Scand, vol.142, issue.1, pp.1-5, 1952.

R. V. Thakker, P. J. Newey, G. V. Walls, J. Bilezikian, H. Dralle et al., Clinical practice guidelines for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.97, issue.9, pp.2990-3011, 2012.

P. Xekouki, E. Szarek, and P. Bullova, Pituitary adenoma with paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma (3PAs) and succinate dehydrogenase defects in humans and mice, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.100, issue.5, pp.710-719, 2015.

A. F. Daly, E. Castermans, L. Oudijk, M. A. Guitelman, P. Beckers et al., Pheochromocytomas and pituitary adenomas in three patients with MAX exon deletions, Endocrine-Related Cancer. England, vol.25, pp.37-42, 2018.

K. L. Roszko, E. Blouch, M. Blake, J. F. Powers, A. S. Tischler et al., Case Report of a Prolactinoma in a Patient With a Novel MAX Mutation and Bilateral Pheochromocytomas, J Endocr Soc, vol.1, issue.11, pp.1401-1408, 2017.

S. M. O'toole, J. Dénes, M. Robledo, C. A. Stratakis, and M. Korbonits, The association of pituitary adenomas and phaeochromocytomas or paragangliomas, Endocr Relat Cancer, vol.22, issue.4, pp.105-127, 2015.

J. T. Den-dunnen, R. Dalgleish, D. R. Maglott, R. K. Hart, M. S. Greenblatt et al., HGVS Recommendations for the Description of Sequence Variants, Update. Hum Mutat, vol.37, issue.6, pp.564-573, 2016.

S. Richards, N. Aziz, and S. Bale, Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College 32

, Genet Med, vol.17, issue.5, pp.405-424, 2015.

C. Ugalde, R. J. Janssen, L. P. Van-den-heuvel, J. A. Smeitink, and L. G. Nijtmans, Differences in assembly or stability of complex I and other mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes in inherited complex I deficiency, Hum Mol Genet, vol.13, issue.6, pp.659-67, 2004.

A. F. Daly, M. Rixhon, C. Adam, A. Dempegioti, M. A. Tichomirowa et al., High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: A cross-sectional study in the province of Liège, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.91, issue.12, pp.4769-75, 2006.

P. Romanet, M. A. Giraud, S. Odou, M. F. North, M. O. Pertuit et al., UMD-MEN1 Database: An Overview of the 370 MEN1 Variants Present, p.1676
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01975538

, Patients from the French Population, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2018.

T. Cuny, T. T. Mac, P. Romanet, H. Dufour, I. Morange et al., Acromegaly in Carney complex, Pituitary [Internet], 2019.

R. Alrezk, F. Hannah-shmouni, and C. A. Stratakis, MEN4 and CDKN1B mutations: The latest of the MEN syndromes, Endocr Relat Cancer, vol.24, issue.10, pp.195-208, 2017.

A. Frederiksen, M. Rossing, P. Hermann, C. Ejersted, R. Thakker et al., Clinical Features of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 4: Novel Pathogenic Variant and Review of Published Cases, J Clin Endocrinol Metab

J. Trouillas, P. Roy, N. Sturm, E. Dantony, C. Cortet-rudelli et al., A new prognostic clinicopathological classification of pituitary adenomas: a multicentric case-control study of 410 patients with 8 years post-operative follow-up, Acta Neuropathol, vol.126, issue.1, pp.123-158, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875723

R. T. Casey, D. B. Ascher, E. Rattenberry, L. Izatt, K. A. Andrews et al., SDHA related tumorigenesis : a new case series and literature review for variant interpretation and pathogenicity, pp.237-50, 2017.

E. López-jiménez, D. Campos, J. M. Kusak, E. M. Landa, I. Leskelä et al.,

C. Conde, SDHC mutation in an elderly patient without familial antecedents, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), vol.69, issue.6, pp.906-916, 2008.

P. Xekouki, K. Pacak, M. Almeida, C. A. Wassif, R. P. Nesterova et al.,

, Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) D subunit (SDHD) inactivation in a growth-Besides AIP don't forget MEN1 genetic analysis, Eur J Endocrinol, 2013.

M. C. Schmidt, R. T. Henke, A. P. Stangl, B. Meyer-puttlitz, B. Stoffel-wagner et al., Analysis of the MEN1 gene in sporadic pituitary adenomas, J Pathol, vol.188, issue.2, pp.168-73, 1999.

A. L. Lecoq, P. Zizzari, M. Hage, L. Decourtye, C. Adam et al., Mild pituitary phenotype in 3-and 12-month-old Aip-deficient male mice, J Endocrinol, vol.231, issue.1, pp.59-69, 2016.

C. Villa, M. S. Lagonigro, F. Magri, M. Koziak, M. L. Jaffrain-rea et al., Hyperplasia-adenoma sequence in pituitary tumorigenesis related to aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein gene mutation, Endocr Relat Cancer, vol.18, issue.3, pp.347-56, 2011.

G. Sotirios, . Stergiopoulos, S. Mones, M. Abu-asab, C. A. Tsokos et al., Pituitary Pathology in Carney Complex Patients, Pituitary, vol.7, issue.2, pp.73-82, 2004.

G. Trivellin, A. F. Daly, F. R. Faucz, B. Yuan, L. Rostomyan et al., Gigantism and acromegaly due to Xq26 microduplications and GPR101 mutation, N Engl J Med, vol.371, issue.25, pp.2363-74, 2014.

P. Xekouki, A. Brennand, B. Whitelaw, K. Pacak, and C. A. Stratakis, The 3PAs: An Update on the Association of Pheochromocytomas, Paragangliomas, and Pituitary Tumors, Horm Metab Res, vol.51, issue.07, pp.419-455, 2019.

C. Bardella, P. J. Pollard, and I. Tomlinson, SDH mutations in cancer, Biochim Biophys Acta -Bioenerg, vol.1807, issue.11, pp.1432-1475, 2011.

P. Xekouki and C. A. Stratakis, Succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) mutations in pituitary tumors: could this be a new role for mitochondrial complex II and/or Krebs cycle defects? Endocr Relat Cancer, vol.19, pp.33-40, 2012.

T. Ishikawa, S. Miyaishi, T. Tachibana, H. Ishizu, B. L. Zhu et al., Fatal hypothermia related vacuolation of hormone-producing cells in the anterior pituitary, Leg Med, vol.6, issue.3, pp.157-63, 2004.

E. Doberentz and B. Madea, Microscopic examination of pituitary glands in cases of fatal accidental hypothermia, Forensic Sci Res, vol.2, issue.3, pp.132-140, 2017.

L. Li, J. Tan, Y. Miao, P. Lei, Q. Zhang et al., Interactions and Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms, vol.35, pp.615-636, 2015.

A. J. Gill, Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient neoplasia, Histopathology, vol.72, issue.1, pp.106-122, 2018.

K. Van-der-tuin, A. R. Mensenkamp, and C. Tops, Clinical aspects of SDHArelated pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: A nationwide study, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.103, issue.2, pp.438-445, 2018.

B. Die, Y. Zhu, K. A. Andrews, M. Wilding, E. L. Duncan et al., Bayesian approach to determining penetrance of pathogenic SDH variants, J Med Genet, vol.55, issue.11, pp.729-763, 2018.

P. Maniam, K. Zhou, M. Lonergan, J. N. Berg, D. R. Goudie et al., Pathogenicity and Penetrance of Germline SDHA Variants in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma ( PPGL ), vol.2, pp.806-822, 2018.

A. S. Hoekstra and J. P. Bayley, The role of complex II in disease, Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg [Internet], vol.1827, issue.5, pp.543-51, 2013.

J. Lenders, Q. Y. Duh, G. Eisenhofer, A. P. Gimenez-roqueplo, S. Grebe et al., Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.99, issue.6, pp.1915-1919, 2014.

A. F. Daly, M. Rixhon, C. Adam, A. Dempegioti, M. A. Tichomirowa et al., High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: A cross-sectional study in the province of Liège, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.91, issue.12, pp.4769-4775, 2006.

A. Teramoto, K. Hirakawa, N. Sanno, and Y. Osamura, Incidental pituitary lesions in 1,000 unselected autopsy specimens, Radiology, vol.193, issue.1, pp.161-164, 1994.

R. Correa, P. Salpea, and C. A. Stratakis, Carney complex: an update, Eur J Endocrinol, vol.173, issue.4, pp.85-97, 2015.

K. Iversen, Acromegaly associated with phaeochromocytoma, Acta Med Scand, vol.142, issue.1, pp.1-5, 1952.

R. V. Thakker, P. J. Newey, G. V. Walls, J. Bilezikian, H. Dralle et al., Clinical practice guidelines for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.97, issue.9, pp.2990-3011, 2012.

P. Xekouki, E. Szarek, and P. Bullova, Pituitary adenoma with paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma (3PAs) and succinate dehydrogenase defects in humans and mice, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.100, issue.5, pp.710-719, 2015.

A. F. Daly, E. Castermans, L. Oudijk, M. A. Guitelman, P. Beckers et al., Pheochromocytomas and pituitary adenomas in three patients with MAX exon deletions, Endocrine-Related Cancer. England, vol.25, pp.37-42, 2018.

K. L. Roszko, E. Blouch, M. Blake, J. F. Powers, A. S. Tischler et al., Case Report of a Prolactinoma in a Patient With a Novel MAX Mutation and Bilateral Pheochromocytomas, J Endocr Soc, vol.1, issue.11, pp.1401-1408, 2017.

S. M. O'toole, J. Dénes, M. Robledo, C. A. Stratakis, and M. Korbonits, The association of pituitary adenomas and phaeochromocytomas or paragangliomas, Endocr Relat Cancer, vol.22, issue.4, pp.105-127, 2015.

J. T. Den-dunnen, R. Dalgleish, D. R. Maglott, R. K. Hart, M. S. Greenblatt et al., HGVS Recommendations for the Description of Sequence Variants, Update. Hum Mutat, vol.37, issue.6, pp.564-573, 2016.

S. Richards, N. Aziz, and S. Bale, Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College 63

, Genet Med, vol.17, issue.5, pp.405-424, 2015.

C. Ugalde, R. J. Janssen, L. P. Van-den-heuvel, J. A. Smeitink, and L. G. Nijtmans, Differences in assembly or stability of complex I and other mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes in inherited complex I deficiency, Hum Mol Genet, vol.13, issue.6, pp.659-67, 2004.

A. F. Daly, M. Rixhon, C. Adam, A. Dempegioti, M. A. Tichomirowa et al., High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: A cross-sectional study in the province of Liège, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.91, issue.12, pp.4769-75, 2006.

P. Romanet, M. A. Giraud, S. Odou, M. F. North, M. O. Pertuit et al., UMD-MEN1 Database: An Overview of the 370 MEN1 Variants Present, p.1676
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01975538

, Patients from the French Population, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2018.

T. Cuny, T. T. Mac, P. Romanet, H. Dufour, I. Morange et al., Acromegaly in Carney complex, Pituitary [Internet], 2019.

R. Alrezk, F. Hannah-shmouni, and C. A. Stratakis, MEN4 and CDKN1B mutations: The latest of the MEN syndromes, Endocr Relat Cancer, vol.24, issue.10, pp.195-208, 2017.

A. Frederiksen, M. Rossing, P. Hermann, C. Ejersted, R. Thakker et al., Clinical Features of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 4: Novel Pathogenic Variant and Review of Published Cases, J Clin Endocrinol Metab

J. Trouillas, P. Roy, N. Sturm, E. Dantony, C. Cortet-rudelli et al., A new prognostic clinicopathological classification of pituitary adenomas: a multicentric case-control study of 410 patients with 8 years post-operative follow-up, Acta Neuropathol, vol.126, issue.1, pp.123-158, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875723

R. T. Casey, D. B. Ascher, E. Rattenberry, L. Izatt, K. A. Andrews et al., SDHA related tumorigenesis : a new case series and literature review for variant interpretation and pathogenicity, pp.237-50, 2017.

E. López-jiménez, D. Campos, J. M. Kusak, E. M. Landa, I. Leskelä et al.,

C. Conde, SDHC mutation in an elderly patient without familial antecedents, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), vol.69, issue.6, pp.906-916, 2008.

P. Xekouki, K. Pacak, M. Almeida, C. A. Wassif, R. P. Nesterova et al.,

, Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) D subunit (SDHD) inactivation in a growth

D. E. Benn, A. P. Gimenez-roqueplo, J. R. Reilly, J. Bertherat, J. Burgess et al., Clinical presentation and penetrance of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndromes, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.91, issue.3, pp.827-863, 2006.

F. Caimari and M. Korbonits, Novel genetic causes of pituitary adenomas, Clin Cancer Res, vol.22, issue.20, pp.5030-5072, 2016.

L. Cazabat, R. Libè, K. Perlemoine, F. René-corail, N. Burnichon et al., Germline inactivating mutations of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein gene in a large cohort of sporadic acromegaly: Mutations are found in a subset of young patients with Macroadenomas, Eur J Endocrinol, vol.157, issue.1, pp.1-8, 2007.

G. Occhi, G. Trivellin, F. Ceccato, D. Lazzari, P. et al., Prevalence of AIP mutations in a large series of sporadic Italian acromegalic patients and evaluation of CDKN1B status in acromegalic patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, Eur J Endocrinol, vol.163, issue.3, pp.369-76, 2010.

Z. Karaca, S. Taheri, F. Tanriverdi, K. Unluhizarci, and F. Kelestimur, Prevalence of AIP mutations in a series of Turkish acromegalic patients: are synonymous AIP mutations relevant? Pituitary, vol.18, pp.831-838, 2015.

F. Ferraù, P. D. Romeo, S. Puglisi, M. Ragonese, M. L. Torre et al., Analysis of GPR101 and AIP genes mutations in acromegaly: a multicentric study, Endocrine, vol.54, issue.3, pp.762-769, 2016.

C. Schöfl, J. Honegger, M. Droste, M. Grussendorf, R. Finke et al., Frequency of AIP gene mutations in young patients with acromegaly: A registrybased study, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.99, issue.12, pp.2789-93, 2014.

L. C. Hernandez-ramirez, P. Gabrovska, J. Denes, K. Stals, G. Trivellin et al., Landscape of familial isolated and young-onset pituitary adenomas: Prospective diagnosis in AIP mutation carriers, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015.

M. A. Tichomirowa, A. Barlier, A. F. Daly, M. L. Jaffrain-rea, C. Ronchi et al., High prevalence of AIP gene mutations following focused screening in young patients with sporadic pituitary Macroadenomas, Eur J Endocrinol, vol.165, issue.4, pp.509-524, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00755667

T. Cuny, M. Pertuit, M. Sahnoun-fathallah, A. Daly, G. Occhi et al., Genetic analysis in young patients with sporadic pituitary Macroadenomas, p.66
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00933803

, Besides AIP don't forget MEN1 genetic analysis, Eur J Endocrinol, 2013.

M. C. Schmidt, R. T. Henke, A. P. Stangl, B. Meyer-puttlitz, B. Stoffel-wagner et al., Analysis of the MEN1 gene in sporadic pituitary adenomas, J Pathol, vol.188, issue.2, pp.168-73, 1999.

A. L. Lecoq, P. Zizzari, M. Hage, L. Decourtye, C. Adam et al., Mild pituitary phenotype in 3-and 12-month-old Aip-deficient male mice, J Endocrinol, vol.231, issue.1, pp.59-69, 2016.

C. Villa, M. S. Lagonigro, F. Magri, M. Koziak, M. L. Jaffrain-rea et al., Hyperplasia-adenoma sequence in pituitary tumorigenesis related to aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein gene mutation, Endocr Relat Cancer, vol.18, issue.3, pp.347-56, 2011.

G. Sotirios, . Stergiopoulos, S. Mones, M. Abu-asab, C. A. Tsokos et al., Pituitary Pathology in Carney Complex Patients, Pituitary, vol.7, issue.2, pp.73-82, 2004.

G. Trivellin, A. F. Daly, F. R. Faucz, B. Yuan, L. Rostomyan et al., Gigantism and acromegaly due to Xq26 microduplications and GPR101 mutation, N Engl J Med, vol.371, issue.25, pp.2363-74, 2014.

P. Xekouki, A. Brennand, B. Whitelaw, K. Pacak, and C. A. Stratakis, The 3PAs: An Update on the Association of Pheochromocytomas, Paragangliomas, and Pituitary Tumors, Horm Metab Res, vol.51, issue.07, pp.419-455, 2019.

C. Bardella, P. J. Pollard, and I. Tomlinson, SDH mutations in cancer, Biochim Biophys Acta -Bioenerg, vol.1807, issue.11, pp.1432-1475, 2011.

P. Xekouki and C. A. Stratakis, Succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) mutations in pituitary tumors: could this be a new role for mitochondrial complex II and/or Krebs cycle defects? Endocr Relat Cancer, vol.19, pp.33-40, 2012.

T. Ishikawa, S. Miyaishi, T. Tachibana, H. Ishizu, B. L. Zhu et al., Fatal hypothermia related vacuolation of hormone-producing cells in the anterior pituitary, Leg Med, vol.6, issue.3, pp.157-63, 2004.

E. Doberentz and B. Madea, Microscopic examination of pituitary glands in cases of fatal accidental hypothermia, Forensic Sci Res, vol.2, issue.3, pp.132-140, 2017.

L. Li, J. Tan, Y. Miao, P. Lei, Q. Zhang et al., Interactions and Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms, vol.35, pp.615-636, 2015.

A. J. Gill, Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient neoplasia, Histopathology, vol.72, issue.1, pp.106-122, 2018.

K. Van-der-tuin, A. R. Mensenkamp, and C. Tops, Clinical aspects of SDHArelated pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: A nationwide study, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.103, issue.2, pp.438-445, 2018.

B. Die, Y. Zhu, K. A. Andrews, M. Wilding, E. L. Duncan et al., Bayesian approach to determining penetrance of pathogenic SDH variants, J Med Genet, vol.55, issue.11, pp.729-763, 2018.

P. Maniam, K. Zhou, M. Lonergan, J. N. Berg, D. R. Goudie et al., Pathogenicity and Penetrance of Germline SDHA Variants in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma ( PPGL ), vol.2, pp.806-822, 2018.

A. S. Hoekstra and J. P. Bayley, The role of complex II in disease, Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg [Internet], vol.1827, issue.5, pp.543-51, 2013.

J. Lenders, Q. Y. Duh, G. Eisenhofer, A. P. Gimenez-roqueplo, S. Grebe et al., Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.99, issue.6, pp.1915-1957, 2014.